...expressly provides that neither labor organizations nor the members of labor organizations may be held to be illegal combinations or conspiracies in restraint of trade under the antitrust laws.2 Section 20 of the Clayton Act3 provides that a federal court may not issue an injunction, except...

....organizations, instituted for the purposes of mutual help, and not having capital stock or conducted for profit, or to forbid or restrain individual members of such...in restraint of trade, under the antitrust laws." 25 Clayton Act § 20; 29 USC § 52. A threshold issue is whether the group claiming the labor exemption...

...labor . . . organizations, instituted for the purposes of mutual help." Nor shall these organizations "be held or construed to be illegal combinations or...in restraint of trade, under the antitrust laws." In an effort to stop the continuing use of injunctions against union activities, the legislation said...

...carrying out the legitimate objects thereof; nor shall such organizations, orders, or associations, or members thereof, be held or construed to be illegal...conspiracies in restraint of trade, under the antitrust laws. Section 6 overrode at least part of the injunction against the United Mine Workers in Hitchman Coal....

...following language would be appended to section 7: "nor shall such organizations, orders, or associations, or the members thereof, be held or construed to be...in restraint of trade, under the antitrust laws." On the same day, Webb also moved an amendment to section 18 (renumbered section 20 in the enacted law)....

...organizations, instituted for the purposes of mutual help, and not having capital stock or conducted for profit, or to forbid or restrain individual members of such...in restraint of trade, under the antitrust laws." 13 The section reflected two assumptions about Congress's understanding of cooperation. First, agricultural...

...members from lawfully carrying out the legitimate objects thereof; nor shall such organizations be construed to be illegal combinations or conspiracies in restraint of trade under the anti-trust laws. See Lewis Lorwin, The American Federation of Labor: History, Policies, and Prospects (Washington, DC:...

...section seven (later sixl of the bill: "nor shall such organizations ... or the members therefore, be held or construed to be illegal combinations or...in restraint of trade, under the antitrust laws." Representative Henry, chairman of the House Rules Committee, announced that he stood "squarely behind"...

...shall be construed to forbid the existence and operation of labor, agricultural, and horticultural organizations ... or to forbid or restrain individual...conspiracies in restraint of trade, under the anti-trust laws.48 Section 20 of the Clayton Act seemed to tighten the rules for granting injunctions. The section...

...organizations, instituted for the purposes of mutual help, and not having capital stock or conducted for profit, or to forbid or restrain individual members of such...conspiracies in restraint of trade, under the antitrust laws. SEC. 7. That no corporation engaged in commerce shall acquire directly or indirectly, the whole or...