verb of time. Comp. ibi, 40; I, 728.- -123. Protrahit. Calchas pretends to be reluctant. Ea numina divom, these commands of the gods. Ulysses demands of Calchas what person is meant by this revelation of Apollo.124. Iam canebant, were already foretelling.125. Artificis, of the plotter. The cunning of Ulysses, as Sinon wished the Trojans to understand, was exercised in turning the oracle to his private purpose by causing his tool, Calchas, to single out Sinon as the victim. Ventura, what was to come. 126. Bis quinos. Comp. I, 71, 381, and note. Tectus, with hidden purpose; covered in respect to his mind. So Heyne; but Henry takes it literally, concealed; "shut up in his tent.". -129. Composito; for ex composito, by agreement; i. e., with Ulysses.- -131. Conversa (ea); equivalent to earum rerum conversionem. See on 413. They (readily) suffered the turning of those dangers, which each feared for himself, to the destruction of one unhappy wretch; because when once I had been declared the victim, they were all relieved from farther apprehensions for themselves.-132. Parari historical infinitive.-133. Salsae fruges, for mola salsa; the salted

Vittae. (From a bas-relief.)

meal. Comp. IV, 517. Grain, parched, crushed, and mixed with salt, was thrown upon the victim. Vittae, fillets, or twisted bands of white and red wool.134. Fateor. The term implies that it might be considered culpable to have shrunk from a sacrifice demanded by religion. Vincula, the cords with which he was bound when being led to the altar.-135, 136. Obscurus delitui, I lay hid and unseen. Comp. VI, 268. Si-dedissent, if they should by chance have set sail. See on 94. I think it better, on the whole, to adopt the old punctuation here, though the tenses are thus used a little loosely. The uncertainty is whether the Greeks would, after all, set sail without having made the appointed sacrifice of one of their own countrymen. -139. We must regard quos as an accusative of the person, and poenas of the thing, under H. 874; A. 239, c; B. 217; G. 333; M. 228, b; from whom, perchance, they will also demand punishment. Reposcere also takes two accusatives in VII, 606.-141. Quod, wherefore, as to which; as in Greek for xa ö, 8i ö. H. 378, 2; A. 240, b; B. 222; G. 331, R. 8; M. 372, b, obs. 6. Comp. VI, 363. Tej addressed to Priam.- -142. Per. The

-151.

following clause suggests the object: if there is still any pure faith remaining anywhere among (to) men, by this I adjure thee. Comp. VI, 459; X, 597, 903. For the separation of per from its case in adjurations, see on IV, 814. Quae restat. See on IV, 230.- -143. Laborum. For the case, see H. 406, I; A. 221, a; B. 301, 5; G. 376; M. 292.-144. Animi, a spirit; put for the person himself. Non digna, undeserved.-145. Lacrimis; an ablative of cause; by reason of these tears. Ultro; Servius explains by insuper, moreover, not spontaneously. 148. Amissos, whom you have given up. Hinc, henceforth. -149. Haec edissere vera, declare these things to me true (truthfully).-150. Quo, whereto, for what purpose. Quae religio, etc., what religious token (act of religion) is it, or (if none) what engine of war ?- -154. Aeterni ignes; sun, moon, and stars. Comp. III, 599; IX, 429.- -155. Enses; the sacrificial knives. All the holy objects Sinon appeals to are witnesses of the outrage he has suffered, and that he is held by no tie of loyalty to his countrymen. -157. Fas. Supply est.158. Ferre sub auras, to bring to the light. -159. Tegunt. Supply illi; the Greeks. 160. Promissis. The prose construction is in promissis maneas. Comp. VIII, 643.-163. Auxiliis stetit, stood, was maintained by the aid. H. 416; A. 245; B. 258; G. 403, R.; M. 256. Ex quo, from what time; relative to ex illo, below, 169.- -164. Sed enim; as in I, 19. For the position of the words, see on 73.-165. Fatale. The Palladium was so termed

KAANTOTNIOT CEOTHPOT
ΦΗΛΙΞ ΕΠΟΙΕΙ.

because the fate of Troy depended on its preservation. It was a small, rude image of Pallas, which was believed to have fallen from heaven, and was guarded by the Trojans with great care, being even bound to the wall of the temple by chains, because the safety of the city depended on its possession.168. Vittas; the fillets round the head of the image. Fluere, referri. Historical infinitives. This metaphor seems to be drawn from the movement of a ship which the rowers have ceased to propel against the current, so that it again falls down the stream. Comp. Ge. I, 200. -171. Ea signa, these tokens; i. e., tokens of these things, or of her displeasure. Comp. III, 505.172. Castris; ablative. Simulacrum; the Palladium. Arsere would be regularly connected with the foregoing vix positum, by que, et, or cum. 692, I, 586.—173. Luminibus arrectis, from her starting eyeballs.—174. Ipsa; the image itself, per se. Ter. See on I, 94. Solo. H. 434, n. 1: A. 243,b; B. 254, R. 3; G. 388; M. 263. Dictu. See on I, 111.- -176. That an image should show such miraculous signs of anger is a sufficient reason to the minds of the Trojans, as Sinon is well aware, for the advice of Calchas and the hasty departure of the Greeks. There is, therefore, no difficulty now in believing that the Greeks have actually gone, and that what Sinon adds about the destination of the wooden horse is reasonable and true.178. Omina ni repetant Argis, unless they seek the omens again in Greece. They had before sailing for Troy taken the omens at Aulis. Perhaps Vergil has reference to the practice of Roman generals, who, under certain circumstances, went back to Rome to renew the auspices. Numen, the divinity;

Diomedes and Ulysses.

See

meaning the Palladium itself.- -179. Quod avexere, which (says Sinon) they have carried away over (on) the sea. This is not the statement of Calchas, which would have been quoted indirectly here, and therefore in the subjunc tive mood, but the language of Sinon himself. Some, less naturally, I think, take avexere in the sense of brought from Greece; understanding by numen the divine favor.-180. Quod petiere-parant, as to the fact that they have sought--(it is because) they are preparing. H. 540, IV, n.; A. 333, a; B. -181. Arma, deos í. e., re-enforce292, c; G. 525, R. 2; M. 398, b, obs. 2.ments for war and the favor of the gods.- -183. Moniti, being instructed; namely, by Calchas. Pro, in place of. Here Sinon comes to the most delicate part of his story; he must give a plausible reason both for the building of the horse, and for its vast size, and he must make such suggestions as shall induce the Trojans to take it into the city.- -184. Quae piaret, to atone for. See on I, 20.—185, 186. The emphasis is on immensam, which should be joined to attollere. They were not only advised to build this in place of the Palladium, but to build it of vast dimensions, so that the Trojans might not get it into the city to serve as a new Palladium, and that they might be tempted through suspicion to lay violent hands upon it, and thus incur the anger of Minerva.- -186. Roboribus; the means of attollere. Caelo; dative for ad caelum. See on Latio, I, 6.-187. Portis; the abl. of way or route. M. 274. Moenia; for urbem. The present possit after jussit may be explained as Sinon's allegation; but it is probably a mistake of the copyist for posset.-188. Neu, or lest. Antiqua sub religione; under the same religious security as that which they had enjoyed under the Palladium.189. Nam violasset, for (said Calchas) if your hand should violate; this is the continuation, in the oblique form, of what Calchas had stated. Saying, thinking, etc., are often implied in the foregoing verb, as here in iussit. For the subjunctive, see on 94.-190. Omen; metonymy for the fate or destruction indicated by the omen. Ipsum refers to Calchas.-193. Ultro probably not, as Forbiger takes it, from far, but of its own accord, spontaneously; i. e., without waiting to be again attacked. 194. Nostros refers to the Greeks. Ea fata, such fates, namely, as the exitium in 190. This calamity would await the posterity of the Greeks, if the horse should be received into the city by the Trojans.-198. Mille; a round number. The П., II, 924, sqq., makes the number of the Grecian ships 1,186.-199. Hic. See on 122. Maius; even a greater event than the adventure of Sinon.201. Ductus sorte. Though priest of Apollo, Laocoon had been appointed by lot on this day to make sacrifices to Neptune.-202. Bollemnis, customary, ritual, sacrificial.—203. Ecce. Comp. 57. Gemini, two; implying similarity. Comp. I, 162. A Tenedo. They come from Tenedos as an omen that the enemy is coming from its concealment there to destroy the city.204. Immensis orbibus; an ablative of description, limiting angues.

-205. Incumbunt pelago; translate in connection with tranquilla per alta; rim along the tranquil waters pressing upon the sea. Pariter, side by side. Tendunt; as in I, 205.-207. Sanguineae, bloody; of the color of blood. Pars cetera; all except the head and breast. Pontum pone legit, courses the sea behind. 208. Sinuatque, in connection with legit may be translated as a present participle, curving. Volumine, in a fold, in folds; meaning the undulating curves made by the long bodies of serpents in propelling themselves over the waves.- -209. Spumante salo; ablative of instrument. Arva, -212. Visu exsangues, terrified the shores.210. Oculos. See on I, 228.by the sight. Agmine certo, in an undeviating course; indicating that they had been sent by a higher power expressly to destroy Laocoon, and were not merely seeking for prey. Agmen is also used of the motion of a snake in V, 90. -215. Morsu depascitur, devours.216. Post; adverbially for postea. Ipsum refers to Laocoon. Auxilio is a dative of the end or purpose.

See on I, 22.- -218. Medium; supply eum; around his body. Collo, around his neck. For the dative, see H. 884, II, 2; A. 225, d; B. 240, a; G. 348; M. 260, b.- -219. Superant, rise above him. Capite, with the head; with their heads. Comp. volumine, 208, and similar examples of the singular in I, 579; VII, 892; IX, 721; X, 334. Cerviabus altis, with their necks (stretched on)

high.-221. Vittas. See on I, 228.- -223. Qualis mugitus, (such) bellowings as the bull raises when he has fled, etc. Taurus in prose would stand in the relative clause, thus: qualis mugitus taurus tollit. Comp. I, 816 and 430. If Vergil was familiar with the famous statue of Laocoon, now pre

served in the Vatican, he chose rather, with true poetic taste, to transfer the spirit of that great work to his description than to adhere to the original in respect to all its details.-225. At; în transition. Comp. I, 267. Delubra summa, the lofty shrine the same as the arx in 226. Tritonidis. See Dict. Aroem for templum. It was situated on the summit of the Acropolis.227. Sub pedibus. The statues of Minerva are draped to the feet (see page 39), and some, as the Minerva Medica in the Vatican, have a snake coiled at the feet; and in some, as the Minerva Salutifera, also in the Vatican, there are two serpents represented. Vergil conceives of a statue of the goddess still remaining in the temple, after the Palladium had been stolen.228, 229. Novus pavor, new terror; no longer apprehension for our personal safety, as in 212, but fear of the goddess who has punished Laocoon, and thus shown the danger of committing any outrage upon the wooden horse. Cunctis. For the dat., see H. 384, 4; A. 235, a; B. 244; G. 343, R. 2; M. 241, obs. 3. Insinuat; supply se. Scelus expendisse; for sceleris poenam solvisse. -231. Laeserit. For the mood, see on I, 388. Tergo, for corpori. -232. Ad sedes, to the shrine.- -233. Conclamant, exclaim with one voice. -234. We divide the walls and throw open the bulwarks of the city. Others understand by moenia the buildings within the walls. The Trojans are here supposed to throw down that part of the wall which forms the top and sides of the Scaean gate. Comp. 242, where the term portae would seem to indicate that the horse was carried in through one of the gates of Troy.-235. Accingunt; supply se; apply themselves. Comp. 1, 210. Rotarum lapsus, the movements of wheels; for the simple term rotas. Comp. I, 301. Collo, about the neck; dative. Comp. IV, 503. — -237. Scandit, climbs or mounts; a bold figure, indicating the difficulties overcome in conducting the wooden horse through the walls and to the summit of the citadel. Comp. VI, 515. -238. Armis for armatis, as in I, 506. For the ablative, see H. 421, II; A. 248, c; B. 258; G. 289, R. 3; M. 268, a.-239. Sacra canunt. Hymns were sung at the sacred festivals of the Romans by choirs of boys and girls. -240. The dat. urbi is governed by inlabitur. Minans, towering; as in I, 162; IV, 88.242. Dardanidam. See on I, 565.- -243. Substitit, halted. Stumbling on the threshold was considered an evil omen. Utero; the ablative of situation. The shock of the sudden halt caused the weapons of the Greeks secreted within the horse to clash and rattle.244. Instamus. Comp. I, 423, and below 491. Immemores, caeci, thoughtless and blind in respect to the circumstances which should have awakened suspicion: the stumbling of the horse and the noise of the arms from within. Sistere is followed by the accusative with in, or by the ablative either with or without in. Comp. X, 323.- -246. Tunc etiam, then also as an additional warning. Oredita is better joined with ora than with Cassandra. For the dative Teucris, see on ulli, 1, 440.248. Esset. The relative clause gives the reason why they should be called miseri. See on I, 388; and comp. V, 624. But some make it concessive. Sce on IV, 536.249. Velamus. See on I, 417.

250-437. While the city is buried in slumber, the Grecian fleet returns silently from the island of Tenedos, and Sinon, seeing the signal torch on board the ship of Agamemnon, opens the wooden horse. The leaders issue forth and commence the attack on the city, setting fire to it in various places, with the aid of Sinon, and are soon joined by their whole army at the Scaean gate. Aeneas is warned of the danger in a dream by the shade of Hector, and is roused from sleep by the increasing noise of the conflict and of the flames. He arms himself and hastens from the palace of his father, and, being joined by Coroebus and other warriors, undertakes to defend the city. After a momentary success his party is defeated, Coroebus and others are slain, and he is left with only two companions, with whom he proceeds to the palace of Priam.

250. Vertitur. The sky itself is conceived to revolve, while the earth stands still. Ruit oceano, ascends from the ocean; i. e., Night rises in her