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51. in latus... contorsit, hurled against the side and the belly of the monster (feri), of rounded framework (compagibus, abl. of manner).

52. recusso, re-echoing: properly of the sound, struck back.

54. læva, see note, Ecl. i. 16. As applied to fata, it means unpropitious; as applied to mens, it means dull, blinded. The first meaning is derived from the language of augury, an appearance on the left being inauspicious (sinister) among the Greeks, though the contrary with the Romans. The second meaning comes from the awkwardness (gaucherie) of the left hand.

55. impulerat (for impulisset); he had done his part to detect the plot; the failure was due to other causes. (The indic. is here used for metrical reasons; but is according to the analogy of verbs with pæne, prope, and the imperf. denoting the beginning of an action: 58, 3, c; G. 246, R3.)

57. manus (Gr. accus, with revinctum, agreeing with juvenem), a youth with his hands fast bound behind his back: the accusative (manus) in this construction is a kind of apposition of the part with the whole.

59. qui, subj. of obtulerat.

60. aperiret explains hoc ipsum: to contrive this very thing, how to open, &c.

61. fidens animi, for this gen. see § 50, 3, c, R; G. 374, R3.

62. versare, depends on paratus, in a kind of apposition with utrumque.

65. accipe, hearken to (see note, Ecl, i. 19). — crimine, i. e. the statement of the crime (scelus).

71. cui neque locus, who have no place. - super, besides. 74. cretus (same root as creatus), born of what blood. 75. quidve ferat, what brings him there?· -memoret (in indir. disc. for imperative), let him tell—tell us (we say),

76. formidine; v. 107, pavitans; the embarrassment was genuinę and natural; not enough to throw him off his guard and so spoil his scheme, but enough to win a prepossession in his favor. 77. equidem, gives force to the whole expression; like our "I will, indeed I will.". fuerit (future perfect) quodcumque, what

ever shall come of it.

78. Argolica, an answer to the question in v. 74.

79. hoc primum, sc. dictum esto.

81. fando, by report. -aliquod nomen-any such name. Palamedis: Ulysses, it is said, feigning madness, in order to

escape his share in the Trojan expedition, yoked a horse and bull to a plough, and proceded to plough a field, sowing it with salt; but Palamedes foiled the trick by putting the child Telemachus in the furrow: Ulysses turned out to save the boy, and proving sane, was held to the service. But he bore a mortal resentment against Palamedes, and procured his death in the way hinted in the text. Palamedes was one of the brighter wits of the Greek camp: to while away the weary years of siege, he is said to have invented a game similar to chess, which is sometimes named from him.

84. vetabat, tried to stop (conative imperf.).

85. nunc cassum lumine, now that he is dead.

87. pauper his poverty was his reason.

90. pellacis, wily: derived from a root found in allicio, etc. 91. haud ignota: to gain confidence, he weaves in a wellknown story.

92. trahebam, tacui, notice the change of tense.

93. mecum, alone by myself.

94. nec tacui, opposed to mecum: not only to myself. — tulisset, subjunctive of indir. disc. with promisi.

96. ultorem―ulturum [esse], fut. apod. in indir. disc. (The future idea is contained in promisit, though the noun of agency and future participle are akin.)

97. labes, plague-spot: misfortune is looked on as a contagious disease.

98. criminibus novus, by fresh accusations.

99. volgum: there are some fifty cases in which this word is masculine, as here.

100. nec enim, the negative of etenim (poet. namque), in which the force of et and que is lost: for he did not rest, &c., referring back to prima labes.—donec: Simon artfully breaks off just when he has roused the keenest curiosity.

101. sed, autem, pleonastic and colloquial.

102. id, i. e. the fact that I am a Greek. —jamdudum, implies that they have been long waiting to do it.

103. sumite: penalty is looked on as of the nature of a fine and forfeit; hence dare, to suffer, and sumere, to inflict.

104. velit, would like it (future apod.), i. e. if you should do it. 107. ficto pectore, with false (made-up) heart.

109. bello, to be taken (as the manner is with poets) with both fessi and discedere: they were weary with the war, and anxious to depart from it.

III. euntes, just going, with a sort of future meaning, as in Greek, French, and English.

114. scitantem, to inquire, a kind of conative present; compare orantes, i. 519.

115. adytis, the shrine: the Greek word means unapproachable. 116. sanguine, i. e. the sacrifice of Iphigenia at Aulis (Eubœa), where the Greek fleet was detained by head winds, until Agamemnon consented to the sacrifice of his daughter to Diana.

118. litandum (impersonal), expiation must be made. — litare means to sacrifice with favorable omens, showing that the gods are appeased. The sacrifice is in the ablative of means.

121. cui fata parent, [in doubt] for whom the fates forebode [death]. The doubt is implied in tremor, etc.

122. hic, just here.-Calchanta: Calchas, the "dread soothsayer" of the Grecian armament (see Æsch. Agam. 156).

123. numina, i. e. expressions of the divine will.

124. canebant, foretold, prophecies being usually given in verse. 125. artificis, the contriver, Ulysses.―taciti: some saw, but were silent.

126. tectus, hiding himself in his tent.

129. composito, according to compact (abl. abs., § 54, 10, c; G. 438, R2).

130. quæ ... tulere, what each dreaded for himself, they bore (i. e. permitted) when turned to one wretch's ruin.

133. vittæ, as in all sacrifices, see note, E. viii. 64.

134. fateor: it was sacrilege to escape, as he was already devoted (sacer) to the god.

136. dedissent, by sequence of tenses for future perfect. 137. jam, any longer.

139. quos, pœnas (two accusatives after the verb of demanding) reposcent, of whom they, perchance, will exact the penalty for my escape.

140. quod, therefore (as to which, Gr. accusative).

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142. per, sc. eam fidem. - si qua est : the perfidy of the Greeks makes him doubt if good faith exists anywhere.

144. non digna, undeserved.

145. lacrimis, dat., a bold synecdoche.

ing, which was only for his life.

146. arta (arcta), tight-bound.

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150. quo, to what end?. quis auctor= by whose counsel ? 151. quæ religio, what religious vow or offering? The repeated

questions in various forms show the old man's eager curiosity, as well as doubt.

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non viola

154. ignes, heavenly fires (sun, moon, and stars). bile, i. e. an oath by that divinity must not be broken. 156. deum, worn in honor of the gods. —quas hostia gessi, and hence so much the more sacred an oath to him.

157. jura, i. e. jura juranda, oaths. —sacrata, consecrated by religious obligation, like the oath of enlistment of the Roman soldier. 158. ferre sub auras, bring out into the light from their hidingplace.

161. Troja, an appeal to the holy city itself, more impressive than the king alone. — magna rependam, greatly repay.

164. sed enim, elliptical, as usual: but [their hopes began to fail] for, ever since (ex quo), etc.

166. Palladium (Greek dimin. of Pallas), a small wooden image of the goddess.

165. virgineas vittas, the fillets of the maiden goddess: these were different in form from those of matrons (cf. Scotch snood). 169. ex illo (correl. to ex quo), since then. - fluere (qualified by retro), ebb.

-- ea

171. Tritonia, an epithet of Pallas, of uncertain origin. signa, signs of this (compare vii. 595; xii. 468).—monstris (moneo), warnings.

173. luminibus arrectis, staring eyes: Pallas is represented as having the eyes—perhaps even the head-of an owl (yλɑväāπı), which gives additional liveliness to the figure.

174. ipsa, the goddess herself (more than the signs of the glaring eyes, &c.).

175. trementem: the agitation of the goddess is hinted by the mention of the arms at all, though the picture is made more vivid also by the details.

176. canit, see note, v. 124.—temptanda, alluding to the perils of the sea.

177. Pergama, the citadel of Troy.

178. omina: Virgil here transfers a Roman custom to the Homeric Greeks. All enterprises were undertaken by the direction of the gods as given by auspices before setting out; and if the event was unsuccessful, the auspices must be taken again in the city, and the whole begin anew. The term for this was repetere auspicia, of which repetere omina is here a variation. — Argis, from Argos. — numen, the favoring presence of the gods, as shown by renewed favorable auspices.

179. pelago (loc.), by sea.

ships: cf. Il. vi. 3.

181. quod, whereas.

curvis carinis (loc.), in the crooked

182. digerit omina, interprets the omens, i. e. those referred to in vv. 171–175. The word omen (root in oro) properly means any casually spoken word which serves as a prognostic of the future. It is used here, as very commonly, for visible signs, which were properly ostenta, portenta, prodigia.

183. pro Palladio, in lieu of the Palladium; pro numine, in propitiation of the offended divinity.

184. triste, gloomy in its effect,

186. cælo (dat.), to the sky.

187. recipi and duci are branches of the same general idea; neu introduces a different one. Sinon at once accounts for the size of the horse, and hints at the desired disposal of it.

188. antiqua, i. e. just as formerly under the protection of the Palladium. — religione: this word implies both piety (religious veneration), the sanctity which calls it forth, and the object which possesses that sanctity. Here it seems to be used with a confused notion of all, chiefly the last.

189. donum Minervæ (obj, gen.), gift to Minerva.

190. quod di... convertant, may the gods turn the omen against himself. The ancients had a curious notion that the anger of the gods must be satisfied, but that it might by prayers be turned upon something else, a notion which seems to be the foundation of the idea of atonement in the Jewish religion also, as shown in the symbolic "scape-goat.”

191. futurum [esse], indir, disc, following the verb of saying implied in jussit.

193. ultro... venturam, i. e. would make an offensive war. — Pelopea monia, the walls founded by Pelops, i. e. Argos.

195. talibus insidiis, by means of such deceits.

196. capti, those (implied antecedent of quos) were caught. 197. Larissæus, i. e. Thessalian,

199. miseris, [to us] ill-fated, -tremendum, to be trembled at. 201. Neptuno, dat. (§ 51, 7, a; G. 343).—ductus sorte, a Roman custom transferred to Troy (see Tac. Ann. i. 54).

203. alta, deeps.

204. immensis orbibus, with vast coils (instr. abl.).

205. pariter, side by side.

206. jubæ sanguineæ: blood-red crests, characteristic of fabulous monsters.

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