675. mecum, bound to me.

676. qua possis, indir. question.

679. pelago restantia, remaining from [the perils of] the sea.

680. sopitum somno, slumbering in sleep: this alliterative use of words of the same root was a favorite with the old poets (figura etymologica, cf. Soph. Ed. Tyr. 65). — Cythera, the island south of Peloponnesus, where Venus first landed from the waves (see note, v. 257).

681. Idalium, a mountain and city in Cyprus.recondam, will hide away.

684. falle, counterfeit. — amplius (§ 54, 5, c; G. 311, R1), = one night, no more. —notos, because Cupid is always represented as a boy: it will be an easy task.

686. Lyæum, a name of Bacchus, akin with luo (solvo).

688. ut inspires, purpose of indue (v. 684). fallas veneno, i.e. envenom unnoticed, the same idea as occultum ignem.

690. gaudens incedit, he practises his paces with a mischievous delight in his task.

692. inrigat, sheds like dew.

"Entice the dewy-feathered sleep.” — Penseroso.

693. amaracus, sweet marjoram, hence, adspirans, breathing fragrance.

695. ibat: the use of the imperf. prevents any break in the narrative, by throwing the action into the same time as the preceding. Virgil is doubtless describing a banquet of his own time.

696. lætus, another touch of nature.

697. cum venit. . . jam se composuit, when he arrives, she has already taken her place. The indicative is used because cum has precisely the sense of ut or ubi. The use of the tense is like that of the historical present. - aulæis, the rich draperies of the couch.

698. aurea (nom.), bright in gold; mediam locavit, placed herself in the midst, probably at the middle place of the middle couch, with Æneas on her left and Bitras on her right, with the rest on the side couches.

700. discumbitur, i. e. they take their respective places.

701. dant lymphas : the washing of hands is a regular feature of eastern banquets. —canistris, from the baskets.

702. mantelia, napkins, for the hands; tonsis villis, with the nap clipped close.

703. quibus cura struere, whose care it was to set forth the provisions (in the pantry).

704. adolere (same root as in oleo and adolesco), enlarge, hence worship.

707. limina læta, the glad door-ways, as if sympathizing with the joy of the guests.

710. flagrantis voltus, face ruddy as flame, i. e. of more than human beauty.

712. pesti, ruin.

713. expleri mentem, satisfy her [own] mind.

719. insidat, lit. lies in wait; and so, plots against her.

720. prævertere, excite, lit. turn away from Sychæus to a new object.

721. vivo amore, as opposed to the dead Sychæus.

722. desueta, unwonted to love.

723. postquam : the wine was not brought in till after the feast. 724. crateras, the great mixing-bowls. — coronant, wreathe with a garland, as is seen by comparison with the Greek (iii. 525; Il. i. 470).

725. vocem volutant, the guests make the song resound. — tectis (dative), to the roof.

726. atria, see note, v. 637.-dependent, indicates that the night has come on before they finish. — laquearibus, panels : the sunken panels (lacus), between the cross beams of the ceiling, were decorated with gilding.

727. funalia, links, i. e. torches in which a stout cord (funis) did service as wicking.

729. pateram, a shallow bowl, or saucer, used for libations. Our card-receivers and fruit-dishes are often made after their pattern.

730. silentia: the first introduction of the wine had a sacred character, and a small quantity was always first poured out as a libation.

731. Juppiter, as the god of hospitality (hospitalis). — dare jura, define the rights of strangers.

733. velis, grant.

734. Juno, as the tutelar divinity of Carthage.

735. cœtum (con eo), gathering, festive as well as political. celebrate, throng, or attend in large numbers; hence used in nearly the same signification as with us. faventes, strictly, "speaking words of good omen;" hence, with expressions of joy and without wrangling.

736. laticum honorem, i. e. the juice which pays honor to the divinity.

737. prima, she first, as first in rank. — libato, impers., when libation had been made (§ 54, 10, c; G. 438, R2).—summo ore, with the tip of her lips: keeping the feminine proprieties, but formally drinking as hostess.

738. increpitans, with a challenge (to drink deep). — impiger, with no such scruple.-hausit, drained.

740. cithara (this word is found in the modern guitar), harp, differing from the lyre in having a solid metal foot, so that it rested on the ground, while the lyre had a rounded bottom and was held upon the knees. The Latin fides (strings) stood for both varieties. crinitus, with flowing locks: so ancient bards are represented, as well as Apollo, the god of song.

741. Atlas: the connection is ingenious. Atlas was fabled as having first studied astronomy, and was identified with the mountain in Africa which bounded the western horizon of the ancients. So here, from the vicinity, Iopas (the beautiful) is represented as a Numidian taught by Atlas. At the same time the Sun and Moon are the two great Phoenician divinities Melkarth and Astarte, identified with Juno. Nor was this a rare use of poetry. Hesiod and Aratus had also sung in this manner of astronomy (compare Ecl. vi.). The Carthaginians seem to have had an astrological literature known to the Romans (Manil. 1, 293, et seq.).

742. errantem, as the most wandering of all the heavenly bodies.-labores, eclipses.

743. unde, interrogative.

744. Hyadas, a group in the head of the Bull. The time of their setting (see note, v. 535), early in May, was marked by severe storms. geminos Triones, the great and little Bear, called Triones, the plough-oxen; whence Septemtriones, the north.

746. mora noctibus, i. e. in winter. — tardis, opposed to properent. Night descends into the ocean, as well as day.

747. ingeminant plausu, redouble with applause, i. e. receive the song with continued applause.

749. longum amorem, long draughts of love.

750. multa: the particularity of her inquiries shows that her object is to prolong the interview.

751. quibus armis, as coming from a different region from the rest of the forces (Ethiopic), his arms seem to have been famous in the Epic Cycle, cf. v. 489. — Auroræ filius: in Isaiah xiv. 12, the monarch of the East is called " son of the morning."

752. quantus, how tall, or how mighty.

753. immo, nay but (always implying a negative). It introduces the request for a complete narration, as contrasted with these separate details.

BOOK II.

By the narrative of Æneas, Books ii. and iii., Virgil brings the story down to the point at which the opening of the poem begins. I. conticuere, (momentary act), they hushed; tenebant (imperf. of continued action), listening they held their peace.

2. toro, the couch on which he reclined at table.

3. infandum dolorem, a grief that may not be spoken, "too big for utterance." - jubes, bid, used alike of commands and

requests.

4. ut eruerint (indir. quest. depending on the verb to tell implied in dolorem renovare), how the Greeks utterly destroyed the wealth of Troy, and the realm we must weep for.

5. miserrima, emphatic (§ 48, 3, d; G. 618).

6. fando, in speaking (§ 73, 3, d; G. 432), cf. Liv. i. 8.

7. Myrmidonum Dolopumve, the soldiers of Achilles, the fiercest, as Ulysses (Ulixes) was the wiliest of the Greeks. Being of the same class, they are connected together by -ve, and with the others by the disjunctive aut.

8. temperet, can control (§ 57, 6; G. 251): more commonly followed in this sense by the ablative alone or the dative. —umida, more common in the MSS. than humida. cælo, from the sky.

-

9. præcipitat: Night is regarded as running its course (currus) through the heaven, in the same way as the day, or the Sun. cadentia sidera, i. e. the approach of morning. — suadent, counsel. Io. cognoscere = cognoscendi, the phrase amor est being equivalent to a verb of wishing.

II. supremum laborem, the last agony: labor, implies both suffering and struggle.

12. meminisse horret, shudders to recall. Verbs of fearing, except vereor, rarely take the simple infinitive in prose. - luctu refūgit, shrinks back from the grief. The perfect is used because the shrinking itself is over, but the effect remains.

14. labentibus, i. e. still continuing to glide away (compare note, i. 47).

15. instar (indecl. noun in appos. with equum), the image, i. e. something set up (sto). — Palladis: Minerva was the patroness of all kinds of handicraft.

16. intexunt, line, i. e. with strips running across the ribs. ābiětě, trissyllable (§ 78, 1, d, R; G. 717).

18. huc includunt, shut up into it (rather than in it, on account of the motion implied). — delecta corpora, implying the selection of individuals: only the bravest chiefs were to dare the perilous ambuscade.

19. lateri, dat., in a sort of apposition with huc. penitus, far within, hinting at the immense size.

21. est, there is (§ 76, 1, b).

23. tantum sinus, a mere bay. —male fida, ill-faithful, i. e. treacherous. With words of evil meaning, male intensifies their force.

25. abiisse rati (§ 67, 1, a2; G. 527, r2), supposed they had gone. - Mycenas, a very ancient city near Argos, the home of Agamemnon. Its remains, in a very archaic style of art, are among the most interesting in Greece. Here used for Greece generally, 27. Dorica, Grecian, see note, i. 30.

29. tendebat, used to spread, sc. his tents.

31. stupet donum, gazes with amazement on Minerva's baneful gift. As equivalent to a strong mirari, stupere here governs the accusative.

36. pelago, in the sea (for into, § 56, I, c, R; G. 384, R1),

38. cavas agrees with latebras, but is put next to terebrare, because it is as hollow places that they are to be bored, but as hiding-places that they are to be tried.

39. studia, party feelings.

40. primus ante omnīs, i. e. taking the lead in his strong and eager partisanship.

41. ardens, in haste.

44. carere dolis, are clear of guile.—sic notus, is it thus you know?

47. inspectura, ventura (future participle of purpose), to look down on our house and come from above upon the city. One of the common means of siege was to build high towers overtopping the walls, and move them forward on wheels. The monster-horse is such an engine of war (machina),

48. latet error, some trick lurks. -ne credite, § 57, 7; G. 263.