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Jamque vale: torquet medios Nox humida cursus,
Et me saevus equis Oriens afflavit anhelis.'
Dixerat; et tenues fugit, ceu fumus, in auras.
Aeneas, Quo deinde ruis? quo proripis? inquit,
Quem fugis? aut quis te nostris complexibus arcet?'
Haec memorans, cinerem et sopitos suscitat ignes;
Pergameumque Larem, et canae penetralia Vestae,
Farre pio, et plena supplex veneratur acerra.

Extemplo socios, primumque arcessit Acesten;
Et Jovis imperium, et cari praecepta parentis
Edocet, et quae nunc animo sententia constet.
Haud mora consiliis, nec jussa recusat Acestes.
Transcribunt urbi matres, populumque volentem
Deponunt, animos nil magnae laudis egentes.
Ipsi transtra novant, flammisque ambesa reponunt
Robora navigiis; aptant remosque rudentesque;
Exigui numero, sed bello vivida virtus.
Interea Aeneas urbem designat aratro,

740

745

750

755

Sortiturque domos; hoc Ilium, et haec loca Trojam
Esse jubet. Gaudet regno Trojanus Acestes,
Indicitque forum, et patribus dat jura vocatis.
Tum vicina astris Erycino in vertice sedes
Fundatur Veneri Idaliae; tumuloque sacerdos,
Ac lucus late sacer additur Anchiseo.

760

Jamque dies epulata novem gens omnis, et aris

promise, see A. 6, 756, &c.-739. Oriens. See verse 42. The reader will observe the universality of the belief, that spirits flee at the approach of dawn. So in Hamlet, 1, 5, the ghost says

'Fare thee well at once!

The glowworm shews the matin to be near.'

-740. Dixerat. See A. 2, 621. Tenues. See G. 4, 500.-741. Proripis, sc. te.-743. Sopitos, &c. See a similar expression, A. 8, 410, 542.744. Larem; either Anchises worshipped as one of the Lares, or the singular for the plural, the gods taken from Troy.

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746, &c. Acestes founds the city mentioned at verse 718. 751. Animos in apposition with populum, as virtus (verse 754) is conjoined with ipsi exigui.-753. Rudentesque has the last syllable elided before exigui.

755. Aratro, an ancient Italian usage alluded to A. 1, 425.756. Ilium, the city;' Troja, the environs.'-758. Another instance of Virgil's adherence to Roman usages. See A. 1, 73. Acestes institutes courts of justice and a senate.-759. The building of the temple to Venus on Mount Eryx is attributed to Aeneas.-760. Idaliae. See A. 1, 681.

762. The funeral-feast, as was usual, lasted for nine days. See

Factus honos: placidi straverunt aequora venti,
Creber et aspirans rursus vocat Auster in altum.
Exoritur procurva ingens per litora fletus:
Complexi inter se noctemque diemque morantur.
Ipsae jam matres, ipsi, quibus aspera quondam
Visa maris facies, et non tolerabile numen,
Ire volunt, omnemque fugae perferre laborem:
Quos bonus Aeneas dictis solatur amicis,

Et consanguineo lacrimans commendat Acestae.
Tres Eryci vitulos, et Tempestatibus agnam,
Caedere deinde jubet, solvique ex ordine funem.
Ipse, caput tonsae foliis evinctus olivae,

765

770

Stans procul in prora, pateram tenet, extaque salsos 775
Porricit in fluctus, ac vina liquentia fundit.
Prosequitur surgens a puppi ventus euntes:

Certatim socii feriunt mare, et aequora verrunt.
At Venus interea Neptunum, exercita curis,
Alloquitur, talesque effundit pectore questus:
'Junonis gravis ira nec exsaturabile pectus
Cogunt me, Neptune, preces descendere in omnes:
Quam nec longa dies, pietas nec mitigat ulla;

780

Nec Jovis imperio fatisque infracta quiescit.

Non media de gente Phrygum exedisse nefandis

785

Urbem odiis satis est, nec poenam traxe per omnem:

Reliquias Trojae, cineres atque ossa peremtae

Insequitur. Causas tanti sciat illa furoris.
Ipse mihi nuper Libycis tu testis in undis,

Quam molem subito excierit. Maria omnia coelo 790
Miscuit, Aeoliis nequidquam freta procellis;

verse 64.764. Creber = validior nec intermissus: cf. A. 3, 530.— 772, &c. The rites by which Aeneas hopes to secure the favour of the local and sea deities are here described.-773. Caedere solvi. See Ecl. 6, 85.-774. Evinctus caput; the accusative of limitation. Tonsue. See verse 556.-776. Liquentia. See A. 1, 432.

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784. Infracta may either be an adjective, unbent,' accounting for her not (nec, et infracta non) resting; or rather a participle, 'bent,' which would lead to her resting, which she does not do, nec negativing both. Infringitur et quiescit. -785. Phrygum — urbem, Trojam. See 4. 2, 68. Exedisse, to devour;' alluding to the destructiveness of fire.-786. Traxe for traxisse. See similar contractions, 4. 1, 201; 4, 606, 682; 11, 118.-788. Illa, emphatic. She may know-no one else does.-789. For this allusion, see A. 1, 34, &c.— 790. Molem ingentes fluctus.-791. Nequidquam, for Neptune had not

=

In regnis hoc ausa tuis.

Per scelus ecce! etiam Trojanis matribus actis
7 Exussit foede puppes; et classe subegit
Amissa socios ignotae linquere terrae.
Quod superest, oro, liceat dare tuta per undas
Vela tibi; liceat Laurentem attingere Thybrim ;
Si concessa peto, si dant ea moenia Parcae.'

795

800

805

Tum Saturnius haec domitor maris edidit alti:
'Fas omne est, Cytherea, meis te fidere regnis,
Unde genus ducis. Merui quoque: saepe furores
Compressi, et rabiem tantam coelique marisque.
Nec minor in terris, Xanthum Simoëntaque testor,
Aeneae mihi cura tui. Quum Troïa Achilles
Exanimata sequens impingeret agmina muris,
Millia multa daret leto, gemerentque repleti
Amnes, nec reperire viam, atque evolvere posset
In mare se Xanthus; Pelidae tunc ego forti
Congressum Aenean, nec dis nec viribus aequis,
Nube cava rapui: cuperem quum vertere ab imo,
Structa meis manibus, perjurae moenia Trojae.
Nunc quoque mens eadem perstat mihi: pelle timorem ;
Tutus, quos optas, portus accedet Averni.

Unus erit tantum, amissum quem gurgite quaeret;
Unum pro multis dabitur caput.'

His ubi laeta deae permulsit pectora dictis,
Jungit equos auro genitor, spumantiaque addit
Frena feris, manibusque omnes effundit habenas.
Caeruleo per summa levis volat aequora curru.

810

815

hesitated to allay the violent winds.-796. Quod superest, sc. classis. Liceat Aeneae dare, &c.-797. Tibi seems here to mean, as far as thou art concerned.' See Zumpt, § 422. Thybrim. See A. 2, 781. It has the epithet Laurentem, because it bounded the territories belonging to the town Laurentum, which stood on the sea-coast, south of its mouth. -798. Ea moenia, sc. ibi ad Thybrim condenda.

799. Saturnius. See A. 1, 23.-800. Cytherea. For this name, and the subsequent allusion, unde, &c., see A. 1, 257.-804. Mihi erat. Cura, &c. The allusion here to incidents in the Trojan war as described by Homer, though Virgil does not follow the same order of events. Tui; compare meus Aeneas, A. 1, 231.-808. Pelidae, Peleus' son-Achilles.-810. Quum, &c. Neptune is described, 4. 2, 610, as one of the most active of the gods in the destruction of Troy.— 811. Perjurae. See A. 4, 542.-812. Mens, good-will towards Aeneas.813. Averni. See verse 732.-814. Unus. Palinurus. See verse 838, &c. 817. Auro, aureo jugo.-819. See a similar passage, 4. 1, 155.—

Sensit, et ipse ratem nocturnis rexit in undis,
Multa gemens, casuque animum concussus amici.
'O nimium coelo et pelago confise sereno,
Nudus in ignota, Palinure, jacebis arena!'

870

-869. Multa gemens. See Ecl. 3, 8.-871. Nudus, insepultus. The ancients regarded such a fate with religious horror. See A. 1, 92; and 6, 325.

LIBER VI.

AENEAS arrives in Italy, 1-9. He visits the temple of Apollo and Diana at Cumae, in order to consult the Sibyl, 10-37. By her orders, Aeneas sacrifices and prays, 38-76. The Sibyl utters the divine response, 77-101. Aeneas entreats permission to visit his father in the regions of the dead; the Sibyl's reply, 102-155. Aeneas returns to his fleet, and finds that one of his followers has been drowned, 156-174. The funeral rites, during the preparations for which Aeneas secures the golden branch entitling him to descend to the shades below, 175-236. Aeneas enters the cave conducting to the infernal regions, 237-263. Invocation to the infernal deities, 264-267. The confines, 268-272. The porch and the threshold, 273-294. The infernal rivers, the shades of the unburied, and the ferryman Charon, 295-336. Interview with Palinurus, 337-382. Interview with Charon, who at last ferries them across, 383-417. On the other side, Cerberus, 418-425. Shades of infants, of men falsely condemned, and of suicides, 426-439. The plains of wo, in which there are sequestered retreats for those who have died of love, 440-449. Aeneas vainly excuses himself to Dido, 450-476. The region of warriors, 477-493. Interview with Deïphobus, 494-534. They proceed, and have a distant view of Tartarus, the punishments of which are explained by the Sibyl, 535-627. Depositing the golden branch at the threshold of Pluto's palace, Aeneas enters Elysium, 628-639. Account of its occupants and their employments, 640-665. Led by Musaeus, they find Anchises holding a muster of his future race, 666-683. Anchises welcomes his son, and explains to him the process by which the spirits of future men are fitted for their destinies on earth, 684-75). He also points out to him his descendants, enumerates their coming glories, and prepares him for the difficulties awaiting him, 752-892. Aeneas is dismissed through Horn-gate, 893-900.

SIC fatur lacrimans, classique immittit habenas,
Et tandem Euboïcis Cumarum allabitur oris.

1. Sic fatur. Referring to his lament over the pilot Palinurus, drowned, as narrated at the close of the Fifth Book. Immittit habenas. See A. 5, 662.-2. Euboïvis. Cumae was colonised from Chalcis, in

Obvertunt pelago proras: tum dente tenaci
Ancora fundabat naves, et litora curvae

Praetexunt puppes. Juvenum manus emicat ardens 5
Litus in Hesperium; quaerit pars sémina flammae,
Abstrusa in venis silicis; pars densa ferarum
Tecta rapit silvas; inventaque flumina monstrat.

10

At pius Aeneas arces, quibus altus Apollo
Praesidet, horrendaeque procul secreta Sibyllae,
Antrum immane, petit: magnam cui mentem animumque
Delius inspirat vates, aperitque futura.

Jam subeunt Triviae lucos, atque aurea tecta.
Daedalus, ut fama est, fugiens Minoïa regna,
Praepetibus pennis ausus se credere coelo,
Insuetum per iter gelidas enavit ad Arctos,
Chalcidicaque levis tandem super astitit arce.
Redditus his primum terris, tibi, Phoebe, sacravit
Remigium alarum, posuitque immania templa.
In foribus letum Androgeï: tum pendere poenas
Cecropidae jussi—miserum !—septena quotannis
Corpora natorum; stat ductis sortibus urna.
Contra, elata mari, respondet Gnosia tellus:

15

20

Euboea, a Grecian island opposite Boeotia and Attica. Cumarum. See p. 141, verse 26.-3. Tum, &c. See verse 902.-5. Praetexunt. See Ecl. 7, 12.-6. Hesperium, Italicum. See A. 1, 530. Semina flammae. Compare the Homeric, ozígua zugós.—8. Rapit, rapide lustrat.—9, &c. The temple of Apollo was situated on a height (arces; see A. 2, 322), and in the side of the rock, within sight (procul; see Ecl. 6, 17), was the Sibyl's lonely haunt (secreta).-10. Sibyllae. A prophetess near Cumae. -11. Cui. See verse 473.-12. Delius vates, Apollo. See p. 140, line 7. -13. Triviae. See A. 4, 609.

14, &c. Daedalus, with his son Icarus (verse 31), on wings framed by himself fled from the Labyrinth (see A. 5, 588) in Crete, governed by Minos (Minoïa regna), because Minos was enraged at him for conducting by a clew (filo, verse 30), through the mazes, Theseus, whom the Cretan princess (reginae, verse 28), Ariadne, loved.-17. Chalcidicaque. See verse 2.-18. Redditus his terris; redditus in hoc loco terris.-19. Remigium alarum. See A. 1, 301.-20. The workmanship of Daedalus, on the doors of the temple built by him, is described. Androgeos, son of Minos, had been slain by the Athenians (Cecropidae). Minos, victorious in war, demanded, as an annual tribute, seven young men and seven young women, to be devoured by the Minotaur. On one occasion, Theseus, chosen by lot, like the rest, was sent. The death of Androgeos, and the subsequent punishment of the Athenians, occupies one of the folding-doors. The work was in raised metal.-22. The perfect participle marks that the moment chosen for the picture is after the lots have been drawn.-23. Contra, on the

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