riority. There is no way fo likely to bring fome people to reafon, as letting them feel their own weight a little. When that has produced its natural effect, let them be treated with equity and gentleness. Till then, furely it is beft to leave them to themfelves. An.....n.

ART. XIV. Queries concerning the Conduct which England should fol low in Foreign Politics, in the present State of Europe. Written in October 1788. By Sir John Dalrymple, Baronet, one of the Barons of Exchequer in Scotland. 8vo. pp. 86. 2s. 6d. Debrett. 1789.

T

THOUGH Ruffia does not appear in the title-page of this pamphlet, it relates almoft entirely to the commerce of that country with England; and Sir John purfues the fame tract, though in a different manner, which Mr. Brough has followed in the foregoing pamphlet. As the fame obfervations will apply to both works, when their general tendency is confidered, we bestowed more attention on Mr. Brough's pamphlet, that our obfervations on the prefent one might be curtailed.

After ftating that, from St. Petersburg alone, the number of British ships cleared out in one year was 542, each of which, on an average, was above 300 tons burthen, and that the value of their cargoes before put on board is near 2,700,000l. and near 3,700,000l. when landed, and that these are almost all raw materials, for the ufe of the manufacturers of Great Britain and Ireland, and confequently, that the shipping, the value, and the ufe, are far greater than England ever enjoyed from her connection with the whole of America, &c. our public-fpirited author proceeds to enumerate, in the way of queries, the great fuperiority of the Ruffian trade to this country over that of America; and concludes his firft fet of queries with the following general queftion:

From thefe premifes, is it not the intereft of England, for the fake of English commerce, to court and fofter up Ruffia as fhe formerly did America, in order to get a new market in place of the old one he has loft; and to prevent the arts and advances of France to the Emprefs, in her prefent critical fituation, from stealing that new market from England, as fhe did the old one?'

Some perfons will, perhaps, think this rather an unlucky. argument for the purpofe for which it is adduced, as they will deny that England ever received an adequate return from America for her foftering care; and others will deny that France has ftolen from us the American trade.

In his fecond fet, Sir John endeavours to fhew that, from the nature of the Baltic Sea, Ruffia can never become a great maritime power, to be dreaded by England; but that America may become fuch a dreaded power;-and thus concludes this fet of queries;

If England, then, has a common political intereft with Ruffia, is it not the duty of the governors of England to look forward to futurity, and to make provifion beforehand in the friendship of Ruffia, against thofe dangers which, fooner or later, will fall on their country from America; in order that during war, the Baltic trade may be protected, and naval ftores brought fafely from Ruffia to England, to enrich the one country, and defend the other?'

He then endeavours to fhew, that it is much for the intereft of England to fupport Ruffia in the prefent war, difregarding the conduct of that country to us during the late war; and attempts to prove that, in promoting the armed neutrality, the Emprefs had no inimical intention toward Great Britain; and that, if fhe had, it ought to be difregarded by us.

He then tries to convince his readers, that it would tend to promote the intereft of this kingdom, if the Emperor fhould be encouraged to proceed in his career against the Turks; and enters into a wide difquifition concerning the balance of power in Europe. As the old balance of power, he fays, is now changed, or entirely loft, he propofes that a new one should be eftablished, by forming a grand alliance between England, Pruffia, Denmark, Sweden, Rua, the Emperor, and Holland, founded on the following principles:

That the King of Pruflia be hereditary King of Poland, with thofe parts of Poland which lie to the weft of the river Viftula, together with Lodomeria and Galicia, gained lately by the Emperor from Poland: That the Kings of Denmark and Sweden be one of them hereditary Duke of Lithuania, and the other hereditary Duke of Courland, with Courland, Lithuania, and that part of Poland which lies to the eaft of the Viftula divided between them: That the free revenues of Courland be guaranteed by the alliance to the prefent Duke, with his palaces, if he chufes to refide in Courland; and the free revenues of Poland guaranteed by the alliance to the prefent King, with his palaces, if he chufes to refide in Poland: That the Emperor fhould have the empire of the Danube; and in return for it, and for the ceffion of Courland by the Emprefs of Ruffia, fhould give Podolia to the Emprefs, in order to make the river Neifter a boundary between her on the one fide, and the King of Pruffia and him on the other: And give the Netherlands to the Prince of Orange, for the protection of Holland against France.'

The remaining part of the pamphlet is taken up in pointing out the various advantages that would refult from fuch an alliance as that which is here proposed; in removing objections that might be started; and in providing alternatives in cafe of the refufal of any of the parties to concur in the meafure propofed. Nor does Sir John, whofe imagination is doubtlefs of a very active fort, reft here: he carries his views across the Mediterranean, and fuppofing it might be eafily poffible for this grand alliance to get poffeffion of Egypt, he proposes that the custody of it should be given to England; who should then

open

open a trade through that country to the Red Sea, that should not be confined to the allies alone-but be open to people of all

nations.

Such are the general outlines of the pamphlet before us; and from this flight fketch, our readers will perceive that Sir John Dalrymple has as little averfion to a bold project now, as he had at an earlier period of his life. Thofe readers who delight in fpeculations of this fort will find amufement in this pamphlet, not only from the general tenor of the project, but also from the particular circumftances that occur as illuftrations. We could not, however, help being in fome meafure furprised at the pofitive manner in which Sir John fpeaks of the innumerable benefits to be derived from the use of double veffls, on the conftruction of one lately built by a very patriotic gentleman in Scotland; which, on trial, we have heard, was found not to answer the purposes expected from it; yet of this he fpeaks as a matter not of doubt, but of the utmost certainty. Of car ronades, likewife, he fpeaks in terms of admiration, which, we fear, experience will not authorife. We mention thefe things only as a caution to young perfons into whofe hands this pamphlet may fall, to guard against their being carried too far by it. In regard to fome other particulars, we had alfo occafion to fufpect, that the author's fondness for fyftem does not allow him to advert with much fcrupulous attention to facts, when they flood in his way. E. g. he afks, p. 13 Whether those politicians must not have little remembrance of past events, who forget that Paul Jones lay three weeks within three miles of one of the capitals of Britain, when Britain had three hundred hips of war in her fervice?' &c. On reading this, we were not able to recollect the circumftance here alluded to. We know very well that this rover entered the Frith of Forth, and came up nearly within three miles perhaps of Leith; but inftead of lying there three weeks, our recollection carried us to believe, that in three days after he had appeared there, a fuperior fleet of British veffels came into the place from which he had already departed; and, on confulting the papers of the time, we found that we were right. This is poffibly an error of the press.

Notwithstanding any little inadvertencies, the pamphlet is written in the lively manner peculiar to Sir John Dalrymple, and will afford entertainment even to thofe readers who fhall differ in opinion from the author. From this tract may also be gleaned fome ufeful articles of information, though we fcarcely expect that many of his readers will concur, entirely, with the author, in his politics: but there cannot be a doubt, that it is the intereft of Great Britain to keep on good terms with Ruffia, if it be poffible. Perhaps, the best way of doing that, is to act as a juft, but as an independent power. An..... Яt

MONTHLY

CATALO GU E,

For JUNE, 1789.

MEDICAL and CHIRURGICAL.

Art. 15. A Treatise on Fevers; wherein their Caufes are exhibited in a new Point of View, &c. &c. 8vo. pp. 87. 15. Scatcherd and Whitaker. 1788.

ΤΗ

HIS author endeavours to vindicate the hypothefis, that all infectious and epidemical difeafes, efpecially fevers, originate from invisible animalculæ. Linné's Diflertation De Mundo invifibile, misunderstood, feems to have afforded hints for this little treatife. R-m. Art. 16. Obfervations on the Brunonian Practice of Phyfic, including

a Reply to an anonymous Publication, reprobating the Ufe of Stimulants in Fevers. By George Moffman, M. D. 8vo. pp. 60. Is. 6d. Law.

1788.

Dr. Moffman here defends the Brunonian doctrine, and offers fome remarks on a pamphlet, intitled, Obfervations on the medical Practice of Dr. Brown. See Rev. for July lalt, p. 89. The practice in fevers must be directed by the circumftances and appearances; and the phyfician's judgment is feldom put to a more fevere trial, than in the determination of the patient's diathefis. Low fevers, in which all phyficians prefcribe wine and cordials, in their beginning frequently put on fuch appearances as are common to thole of the inflammatory kind, and the contrary: but when once it is clearly de termined what the kind of fever is, the mode of treatment neceffarily follows. Sterne's motto, Ταράσσει τις ανθρωπες ε τα πραγμαία, αλλά τα περὶ τῶν πραγμαίων δογμαία, is remarkably applicable to the Brunonian controverfy. R-m.

Art. 17. Advice to Gouty Perfons. By Dr. Kentish, Gower-ftreet,

Bedford-fquare. 8vo. Pp. 100, 1s. 6d. Murray. 1789. Dr. Kentish has quarrelled with the phyficians; and, to widen the breach, he begins his pamphlet with the following fentence; To detail the opinions of medical men on the generality of complaints, is at once an infult to their profeffion, and to common fenfe. No abfurdity is too great for the creed of a phyfician. He who is orthodox in phyfic, muft fhut his ears to reafon, and "liften with credulity to the whifpers of fancy, or the phantoms of imagination." And a little farther, it is added, The medical mind has been fingularly attached to fyftems repugnant to truth, fcience, and common fenfe. Hippocrates was the unintentional caufe of this calamity.' He feparated medicine from philofophy, and fent it a wandering amongst the fictions of imagination.'

After a few reflections of this fort, Dr. K. delivers a philofophical view of the causes of life, health, difeafe, and death, in fixteen propofitions. His theory is ftrongly tinctured with the Brunonian doctrine; being founded on the opinion, that Life is an adventitious property of matter, requiring the action of certain exciting or capacitating powers to its maintenance and fupport.'

The

The hiftory of the gout is next given, together with its caufes ;and the refult of this part of Dr. Kentish's inquiry is, that The removal, or cure, of a gouty paroxyfm, depends on the free use of the capacitating powers, and fuch medicines as are calculated to remove direct or indirect debility.'

The third, or laft part, contains practical remarks; and is fubdivided into two fections: one, on regimen, or the proper management of the capacitating powers; and the other, on medicine, or the ufe of particular remedies. B-m.

Art. 18. An Account of Cures by Velno's Vegetable Syrup. By Ifaac Swainfon. 12mo. pp. 155. 2s. fewed. Ridgway. 1789.

We have here a number of cafes, in addition to thofe published in Mr. Swainfon's former pamphlets, confirming the efficacy of the fyrup in diforders deriving their origin or malignity from fcorbutic impurities, or obftructions in the lymphatic fyftem.-We daily hear great things of this medicine. Do

Art. 19. A new compendious Syftem on feveral Difeafes incident 10 Cattle, wherein the Disorders are orderly defcribed, and the Symptoms of each Difeafe obviously laid down; together with a complete Number of Medicines for every Stage and Symptom thereof. There is alfo annexed, An Effay on the Difeafes incident to Calves, and their curative Indications. In the Courfe of this Work will be found feveral Obfervations on the Diseases peculiar to Horfes, and their proper Method of Treatment. By Thomas Topham. 8vo. pp. 421. 6s. Boards. Scatcherd and Whitaker. 1788. We are furprifed that no perfon in this enlightened age has prefented the public with a fcientific and practical treatife on the difeafes of cattle. Till fuch a work appears, the prefent publication, with Bracken's and Bartlet's Farriery, may be, in fome measure, useful to the public: but it must be remarked, that Mr. Topham (whatever may be his experience, and skill, as a cattle doctor) is a very indifferent writer.

Since writing the above, we have received Mr. Clark's Treatife on the Diseases of Horfes; of which fome account will be given in

our next.

Art. 20.

D:

An Account of the various Systems of Medicine, from the Days of Hippocrates to the prefent Time: Collected from the beft Latin, French, and English Authors, particularly from the Works of John Browne, M. D. By Francis Carter, M. D. 2 Vols. 8vo.

Vol. I. pp. 200. Vol. 11. pp. 239. 10s. 6d. fewed. Murray.

1788.

From feeing these two fmall volumes offered to the public at fo large a price, we expected that their contents would be more valuable than ufual; but we were deceived. So far is the author from giving an account of the various Systems, &c. that he wholly omits feveral, touches but flightly on a few, and fully explains only one fyftem, viz. that of Dr. Brown.

Dr. Carter feems no lefs inclined to abufe, than was his late friend, Dr. B.; but he abufes with lefs art and lefs keennefs.

* See Review, vol. lxxvi. p. 535.