fcarcely ufes any other wood than DEAL, except in fome inland and well wooded districts, where OAK is ftill in ufe for floors and ftaircafes. Through the kingdom at large, perhaps three fourths of the timber used in the conftruction of buildings are FOREIGN DEAL.

III. MACHINES.

This clafs comprehends MILLS and other MACHINES of MANUFACTORY, CARRIAGES of burden and pleafure, IMPLEMENTS OF HUSBANDRY, with the other articles neceffary in rural affairs.

THE millwright's chief material is OAK, and fome CRABTREE, for cogs *.

THE waggon and cartwright ufes OAK, for bodies; ASH, for fhafts and axles; ELM, for naves, and fometimes for fellies and linings.

THE plowright's fheet anchor is ASH: in fome counties BEECH is fubftituted in its ftead, for every thing but plow beams.

THE Coachmakers ufe As, for poles, blocks, fplinter bars, &c. ELM, for naves; generally

As to the implements, utenfils, and machines of manufactory, they are infinite; and various kinds of wood are worked up in making them.

ASA,

ASH, for fpokes and fellies; and RATTAN, for pannels.

Gates and Fences are made of OAK and DEAL; fometimes of ASH, ELM, MAPLE, &c. but pofts are, or ought to be, univerfally of OAK, CHESNUT, or LARCH;

Ladders, of DEAL, OAK, &c.

Pumps and Water Pipes, of OAK, ELM, ALDER;

Wooden Bridges, River Breaks, and other Waterworks, principally OAK; fome ELM and ALDER under water †.

IV. UTENSILS. Under this head we clafs FURNITURE, COOPER'S WARE, MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS, TRUNKS, PACKING CASES, COFFINS, &c. &c.

THE cabinetmakers' chief woods are MAнOGANY and BEECH; next to thefe follow DUTCH OAK (Wainscot), DEAL, ELM; and laftly,

* The mahogany of the Bahama Islands.

BEECH has lately been found to lie long under water; but for waterwork of every kind the LARCH is found to excel. WAL

E 2

WALNUTTREE, CHERRYTREE, PLUMTREE, Box, HOLLY, YEW, and a variety of woods for inlaying and cabinets. In fome country places, a confiderable quantity of ENGLISH OAK is worked up into tables, chairs, drawers, and bedfteads; but, in London, BEECH is almost the only English wood made use of, at prefent, by the cabinet and chair makers.

THE carvers' favorite wood is LIME, for picture and glass frames; DEAL, for coarfer articles.

Coopers;-OAK (and fome CHESNUT), for large cafks and veffels: ASH, for dairy utenfils, butter firkins, flour barrels, &c. OAK, for well buckets and water pails, and, in fome places, for milk pails, and other dairy veffels: BEECH, for foap firkins, &c.

Locksmiths, in Birmingham and Wolverhampton, work up a confiderable quantity of OAK, for Lockstocks: chiefly the butts of trees.

Turners ;-principally BEECH for large ware, if BEECH is to be had; if not, SYCAMORE, or other clean-grained wood: Box, HOLLY, &c. for fmaller utenfils.

Mathematical Inftrument Makers;-MAHOGANY, Box, HOLLY.

Trunk

Trunkmakers;-DEAL.

Packing Cafes -alfo DEAL,

Coffins OAK, ELM, DEAL,

AND, finally, the laftmakers, who work up no inconfiderable quantity of wood, use BEECH for lafts; ALDER and BIRCH for heels, patten-woods, &c.

We do not deliver the foregoing sketch as a perfectly correct account of the application of woods, in this country: the attempt is new, and that which is new is difficult. We have not omitted to confult with profeffional men upon the fubject; and we believe it to be fufficiently accurate for the purpose of the planter. If we have committed any material error, we ask to be fet right. We do not wish to defcend to minutiæ; it would be of little ufe to the planter, to be told what toys and toothpicks are made from; it is of much more importance to him to know, that, of ENGLISH WOODS, the OAK is moft in demand, perhaps three to one,—perhaps in a much greater proportion; that the ASH, the ELM, the BEECH, and the Box, follow next; and that the CHESNUT, the WALNUT, and the PRUNUS and PINUS tribes, are principally valuable, as substitutes for OAK and FOREIGN TIMBER,

SECTION THE SECOND.

SITUATION AND SOIL.

The

IN the choice of timber trees, however, siruATIONS and SOILS muft ever be confulted. Oak, in shallow barren foils, and in bleak expofed fituations, cannot be raised with profit, as a timber tree; while the Larch, by out-growing its strength, fickens in deep rich foils.

It is a fortunate circumftance for this country, that the two trees which are most likely to furnish its navy with an internal supply of timber, should delight in foils and fituations of oppofite natures; and every judicious planter will endeavour to affign to each its natural station.

DIVISION