Consurgunt geminæ quercus, intonsaque cœlo Attollunt capita, et sublimi vertice nutant. Irrumpunt, aditus Rutuli ut vidêre patentes. Continuò Quercens, et pulcher Equicolus armis, Et præceps animi Tmarus, et Mavortius Hæmon, 686. Totis agminibus Agminibus totis aut versi terga dedêre, hostium 685 Aut ipso portæ posuere in limine vitam. : 690 695 Et conferre manum, et procurrere longiùs audent. Ductori Turno diversâ in parte furenti, Turbantique viros, perfertur nuntius, hostem Fervere cæde novâ, et portas præbere patentes. Deserit inceptum, atque immani concitus irâ Dardaniam ruit ad portam, fratresque superbos. 696. Et primum, ja- Et primùm Antiphaten, is enim se primus agebat, culo conjecto, sternit Thebanâ de matre nothum Sarpedonis alti, Antiphaten, nothum alti Sarpedonis de Thebana Conjecto sternit jaculo. Volat Itala cornus Aëra per tenuem, stomachoque infixa sub altum Pectus abit: reddit specus atri vulneris undam Spumantem, et fixo ferrum in pulmone tepescit. Tum Meropem atque Erymantha manu; tum sternit Aphydnum : matre, enim tian 703. Tum sternit Bi- Tum Bitian ardentem oculis, animisque frementem, Non jaculo; neque enim jaculo vitam ille dedisset; Sed magnùm stridens contorta falarica venit, NOTES. 681. Gemina aëriæ quercus: as two aërial oaks rise around, &c. This is a fine simile. It is taken from Homer, Iliad xi. 685. Præceps. Rumus says, temerarius. 688. Tum ira: then rage increases more and more in the hostile minds of the Trojans. Discordibus: in the sense of hostilibus. Ruæus says, infensis. 690. Conferre manum: to engage in close combat: a phrase. 692. Turbanti: routing-driving before him. 693. Fervere: rage with uncommon slaughter. Fervere signifies to be hot-to be busily engaged also, to rage. Nova: uncommon-unusual. Ruæus says, recenti. But he takes fervere, in the sense of animari : to be animated-encouraged. Præbere: in the sense of offerre vel dare. 694. Deserit: in the sense of relinquit. 695. Superbos fratres: Pandarus and Bitias, mentioned above, the sons of Alcanor. 696. Agebat se: presented himself took himself along. 697. Sarpedonis. Sarpedon was the reputed son of Jupiter. Hence the epithet alti, high, or nobly born. He was king of Lycia, and assisted Priam against the Greeks. Thebana: an adj. from Thebes. There were several cities of that name; one in Egypt, one in Beotia, and one in Thessaly. The 700 705 one here alluded to was in Asia Minor: the sovereignty of which was long disputed between the Lydians and Mysians. Nothum: an illegitimate son. 698. Cornus: the corneil-tree-also, a javelin or dart made of the wood of that tree, by meton. 700. Specus atri vulneris: the cavity of the dark wound emits, &c. Specus is properly a den or cave, which is usually dark and gloomy. This idea the poet transfers to the wound made by the javelin of Turnus. Some copies have sanguinis in the room of vulneris. In this case, atri sanguinis must be governed by undam, and not by specus; which would signify the wound itself. The common reading is vulneris. Valpy takes specus for the wound itself—the gaping wound. Undam: a stream-tide of blood. Reddit: in the sense of emittit. 701. Fixo: in the sense of transfixo. 703. Ardentem: flashing fire with his eyes. 704. Non jaculo enim, &c. The meaning of this line is: that Turnus did not kill him with an ordinary javelin, for he would not have yielded his life to a javelin—it would have had no effect on him. The others he killed with his hand-with an ordinary weapon. 705. Falarica. This was an oblong kind of javelin, bound about with wild fire. It was usually shot out of an engine against 1 Fulminis acta modo; quam nec duo taurea terga, Dat tellus gemitum, et clypeum super intonat ingens. Hic Mars armipotens animum viresque Latinis Pandarus, ut fuso germanum corpore cernit, Et NOTES. wooden towers for the purpose of setting them on fire. To show the prodigious strength of Turnus, the poet intimates that it was cast by him. To express the rapidity of its flight, he says, it flew like a thunder-bolt: modo fulminis. 706. Acta driven-sent. Modo: in the sense of more. 707. Duplici squamâ. The plates of a coat of mail were called squama, from their resemblance to scales. Squama et auro: for aurea squama, by hend. Fidelis: trustyfaithful. It had hitherto protected him in danger. 708. Ruunt: in the sense of cadunt. Collapsa failing-losing their strength. 709. Intonat, &c. These words may be rendered: he, falling upon his mighty shield, thunders; or, his mighty shieid falling upon him, &c. Clypeum: the same with clypeus. This passage is imitated from Homer, Iliad v. 42. 710. Euboïco litore Baiarum. Baia was a place in Campania, famous for its fountains of warm water, situated in the upper part of the Sinus Neapolitanus, near the promontory Misenus. A colony from Chalcis, on the island Euboea, hodie, Negropont, founded the city Cuma, not far from this place. Hence the shore is called Eubean. Qualis, &c. The meaning is: that Betias fell like a mass of rocks, which had been buiit up to a great height, and cast into the sea, for the purpose of forming a dam or barrier to the water. 711. Molibus: for a dam or pier. 713. Prona: in the sense of cadens. Illidashing upon the water. Penitùs in the sense of profundè. Recumbit: it sinks deep to the bottom-it rests, &c. This, sa: to us, would be a novel way of making a dam or pier in the water. 714. Miscent se: in the sense of turbantur. 715. Prochyta: an island lying to the south of the promontory Misenus, and formerly separated from the main land, by an earthquake, according to Pliny. Its name is of Greek origin. Hodie, Procida. Alta: high, in reference to its surface. Or, alta may be taken in the sense of altè vel profunde. Ruæus says, intima. Heyne observes, that alta may be considered as an epithet proper for all islands, inasmuch as they are elevated or raised above the sea, or surface of the water: alta, epitheton commune omnium insularum, quatenùs mari eminent. 716. Inarime. This is a high and elevated island, laying to the west of Prochyta. This passage is taken from Homer, Iliad ii. 233. Typhoo. Typhous was one of the giants that attempted to scale heaven, and was signally punished by Jove for the audacious attempt. 718. Vertit acres: he turns his sharp spurs under their breast. This is a metaphor taken from the application of the spur to the sides of the horse, to increase his speed and courage. : 719. Atrum in the sense of horridum: grim-ghastly. 720. Copia: in the sense of opportunitas. 721. Incidit: in the sense of subiit vel illabitur. 722. Corpore fuso: with his body stretched on the ground. Ut: in the sense of quando. 723. Casus: misfortune-danger. Agat: attends their affairs-rules-governs. Ru æus says, impellat. 724. Torquet: he shuts the gate. Obnixus latis humeris multosque suorum 725 729. Incluscrit urbi, veluti eum Viderit irrumpentem, ultròque incluserit urbi : 730 735 tas Effatur: Non hæc dotalis regia Amatæ ; Nec muris cohibet patriis media Ardea Turnum. 739. Est nulla potes- Castra inimica vides: nulla hinc exire potestas. Olli subridens sedato pectore Turnus : 740 Dixerat. Ille rudem nodis et cortice crudo Intorquet, summis adnixus viribus, hastam. 745 At non hoc telum, mea quod vi dextera versat, 749 Sic Turnus ait: Sic ait: et sublatum altè consurgit in ensem, NOTES. 726. Duro: in the sense of mortifero. 731. Continuò nova lux, &c. Davidson refers this to the eyes of the Trojans, and not to those of Turnus. The comeliness of his person and the brightness of his arms rendered him easy to be distinguished by the enemy. New light struck their eyes. Both Dr. Trapp and Ruæus refer it to Turnus. Rumus says, novum lumen emicuit ex oculis Turni, 732. Tremunt: wave. 733. Micantia: gleaming-reflecting from his shield. Mittunt: in the sense of mittunt se: throws-darts itself at a distance. Davidson and Ruæus read mittit, referring to Turnus. Heyne reads mittunt, agreeing with fulgura in the nom. If we read mittit, fulgura will be the acc. plu. governed by that verb. What follows of the feats of Turnus is astonishingly grand. But it may be objected, that the story is beyond probability. We are to recollect, however, that it is allowable in poetry to go beyond real life: and, beside, he is assisted in his amazing exploits by a divine power. 737. Hæc non dotalis regia: this is not the palace of Amata, promised as a dowry to thee. It was the purpose of Amata to bestow her daughter Lavinia upon Tur 750 nus, and, with her, the kingdom of Latium. The verb est is to be supplied. 738. Ardea. The capital city of the Rutuli. Media: the middle or centre of your dominions. Cohibet: in the sense of tenet. Patriis: paternal walls. 741. Consere dextram : engage hand to hand with me. 742. Etiam: also-as well as among the Greeks. 743. Hastam rudem: a spear rough with knots, &c. 745. Vulnus: in the sense of ictum, by meton. 746. Detorsit: turned it aside. Veniens in the sense of interveniens. 748. Enim neque auctor teli: for neither the owner of the weapon, nor the author of the stroke, is the same. He far excels you in the strength of his body, and the nerve of his arm. Vulneris: in the sense of ictûs. Is: in the sense of idem. 749. Consurgit: he rises upon his sword, raised high. He lifts up his sword, and rises on tiptoe, to give greater force to the blow. Altè may be connected with consurgit, or sublatum. The sense is the same in either case. 750. Mediam frontem: his head in the middle between, &c. 751. Impubes: beardless-without beard. Fit sonus: ingenti concussa est pondere tellus. 754. Atque caput pe Huc caput atque illuc humero ex utroque pependit. 755 pendit illi scissum in Diffugiunt versi trepidâ formidine Troës. Et, si continuò victorem ea cura subîsset, Rumpere claustra manu, sociosque immittere portis, Sed furor ardentem cædisque insana cupido æquis partibus huc 759. Gentique Troja 760 norum. 765 Principio Phalarim, et, succiso poplite, Gygen : 770 Occupat huic uno dejectum cominùs ictu 763. Hinc ingerit has tas raptas ab occisis in tergum 765. Comitem illis in morte, et Phegea, eus parmâ confixa 766. Deinde occidit Alcandrumque, &c. ignaros ejus ingressûs in muris 769. Connixus dexter ab aggere, Turnus occupat Lyncea 771. Inde occidit Amy cum 774. Et occidit Cly 775 tium 775. Cui carmina, et citharæ fuerant semper cordi 780. Receptum in muris. Et Mnestheus in 780 quit: quo deinde diri Et Mnestheus, Quò deinde fugam? quò tenditis? inquit, gitis fugam? NOTES. 754. Illi: in the sense of illius. His head hung, &c. Sternit: he brings to the ground. Ruæus says, trahit. 757. Subisset victorem: had the thought come into the mind of the victor to burst, &c. Claustra: the bars of the gate-the gate itself. 761. Egit in adversos: drove him furious upon his foes. He could not resist the temptation of pursuing his revenge on his enemies, when they were full in his view. 763. Excipit: in the sense of interficit. He receives or surprises them with death. Ingerit: in the sense of intorquet, vel jacit. 766. Ignaros: ignorant of his being within their walls. Not thinking of danger, and not imagining that Turnus and death were so near them. Cientes: rousing the martial courage of his friends-encouraging the fight. 768. Tendentem contrà: meeting him coming opposite to him. 769. Dexter: on the right hand: or, dexterous, skilful. 770. Occupat: receives-takes. Intercipit, says Rumus. 771. Caput huic. The same as, hujus caput: the dat. in the sense of the gen. 772. Felicior: more skilful-expert. 773. Ungere: to anoint. Manu: artskill, by meton. The practice of poisoning arrows, and other missive weapons, obtained among some nations of antiquity. It is said to be done at the present day by some tribes of Indians, and some of the barbarous nations of Africa. Ferrum: the point or barb. 774. Æoliden. He was skilful at playing on wind instruments. He is therefore called metaphorically the son of Eolus. There is a propriety, therefore, in joining him with Creteus, who was a distinguished musician, and consequently a friend and companion of the muses. Cretea, Lyncea, Phegea, are Greek accusatives. 776. Intendere numeros: to apply notes to the strings of the lyre-to apply verse to music. Ruæus says, edere sonos cordis. Cordi: for a delight. Cithare, may here mean musical instrumers in general. 781. Quò deinde fugam? where next will ye direct your flight? Servius says this Quos alios muros, quæ jam ultrà mœnia habetis ? 783. Unus homo, et Unus homo, vestris, ô cives, undique septus ille septus vestris agge- Aggeribus, tantas strages impunè per urbem ribus undique Ediderit? juvenum primos tot miserit Orco? Non infelicis patriæ, veterumque Deorum, infelicis 789. Turnus paulatim incipit 787. Non miseretque Et magni Æneæ, segnes, miseretque pudetque ? pudetque vos, O segnes, Talibus accensi firmantur, et agmine denso Consistunt. Turnus paulatim excedere pugnâ, Et fluvium petere, ac partem quæ cingitur amni. Acriùs hôc Teucri clamore incumbere magno, Et glomerare manum. Ceu sævum turba leonem Cùm telis premit infensis: at territus ille 791. Teucri incipiunt acrius hộc 795. Nec ille est potis Asper, acerbà tuens, retrò redit: et neque terga tendere contrà per tela Ille quidem hoc cupiens, potis est per tela virosque. virosque, quidem cu 785 790 795 piens hoc Haud aliter retrò dubius vestigia Turnus 800 803. Sufficere vires et Sufficere: aëriam cœlo nam Jupiter Irim contra Teucros. Demisit, germanæ haud mollia jussa ferentem; Obruitur. Strepit assiduo cava tempora circum 810. Jubæ sunt dis- Discussæque jubæ capiti; nec sufficit umbo cussi Ictibus ingeminant hastis et Troës, et ipse NOTES. is a bitter sarcasm. It implies that they had already fled into their camp, and shut themselves up through fear, within their intrenchments. Tenditis in the sense of ibitis. 784. Aggeribus: in the sense of muris. 785. Ediderit: in the sense of effecerit. 787. Segnes: cowards. Ruæus says, 0, inertes. It is better to consider segnes, as the voc. than the acc. agreeing with vos understood, and governed by the verbs miseret and pudet. It is more animated, and more in the spirit of address. 788. Firmantur: in the sense of animan tur. By these words of Mnestheus the Trojans were encouraged, and rallied; and again returned to the attack. 790. Partem: the part of the walls which was bounded by the river. 791. Hộc acrius, &c. This retreat of Turnus gave courage to the Trojans, who began to press upon him more closely, and to form a band about him with a view to surround him, and take him prisoner. 792. Turba: a company of hunters. 805 810 794. Acerbà: an adj. neu. plu. taken as an adverb. This is common among the poets. Tuens, a part. of tueor: looking fiercely. 795. Tendere contrà: to go forward. 798. Improperata: slow-deliberate. Of in, negativum, and properatus. 800. Confusa: confused-disordered. Ruæus and some others read conversa. 801. In unum: against him alone. Coit: unites. Of con, and co. 805. Ni Turnus. A threat is intimated or implied in the words, haud mollia mandata; which would be put in execution, unless Turnus retired from the Trojan walls. 809. Tinnitu: ringing. Strepit: in the sense of sonat. 810. Juba: the plumes or feathers in his helmet. These were struck from his head. Umbo. The boss or extreme part of the shield, by synec. the whole shield. This is not able to withstand the blows of the missive weapons. 812. Fulmineus: in the sense of ardens. The Trojans, with Mnestheus at their head, |