Et ferit. Exclamant Troes trepidique Latini, 730.] Wagn. comp. the rhythm with that of 5. 643, "Et iacit: arrectae mentes stupefactaque corda Iliadum." 731.] Heyne comp. Il. 3. 361 foll., but the resemblance is not very striking. 732, 733.] Ictum' Rom. and apparently Med. originally. The apparent ellipse, deserit-ni fuga-subeat,' has a good rhetorical effect: we may perhaps comp. 8. 520 foll., "Defixique ora tenebant... multaque... putabant, Ni signum caelo Cytherea dedisset ab alto." Ribbeck inserts marks of a lacuna after 'ictu.' Wagn. explains the ellipse by making 'deserit' = "prodidit:" Heyne by supplying in thought " et inermis relictus Turnus periisset." 733.] 'Subsidio subeat,' an assonance rather in Lucretius' manner: see on 10. 552. 'Subsidio'"in subsidium:" comp. "auxilio subeuntem " 2. 216 note. Heyne proposes a forced explanation: "nisi id, quod subsidium erat, fixa cogitatio subiisset eius animo." 734.] Ignotum'"alienum," strange, as in 7. 167, "ignota in veste." Heyne comp. Il. 16. 114 foll., where Hector strikes off, with his sword, the head of Ajax' spear. Serv. remarks: "Locus hic totus ad gloriam Aeneae pertinet.. Namque id agit, ne videatur Turnus armorum vilitate superatus. Unde ei redditur gla. dius, quo etiam cum divinis armis ab Aenea possit exstingui." 735.] Primum' Pal., Rom., and Gud. for prima: but see on v. 103 above. 'Ad' for 'in' Pal. The occasion which Virg. means must be the moment after Aeneas had been wounded, v. 324 foll. above: when Turnus " poscit equos atque arma 730 736 740 739.] 'Arma dei Volcania,' a figure not uncommon in Greek poetry: comp. Hom.'s Νεστορέῃ παρὰ νῆι . . . βασιλῆος. Wagn. rightly restores' ventum est' for Burmann's and Heyne's ventum.' 740.] Mortalis' = "mortali manu factus:" comp. "mortale volnus" v. 797 below; "mortalia arma 10. 30. Cui' Rom. for 'ceu.' 741.] Resplendent fragmina' Med. a m. p., Pal., and Gud., with two of Ribbeck's cursives: so Heyne and Ribbeck: 'resplendet fragmen' Med. a m. s. and Rom., followed by Wagn., who thinks that fragmina' may be due to the initial a of arena.' Fragmina,' besides having the balance of MSS. authority in its favour, is supported not only (as Heyne says) by Homer's Tρixeά Te Kal TETрaxlà diaтρUQÈY кTEσE Xeipós, but by Prudentius' imitation (Psych. 145) quoted by Cerda : "Ira ubi truncati mucronis fragmina vidit, Et procul in partes ensem crepuisse minutas," &c. 742.] Diversa,' widely distant from each other. Et nunc huc, inde huc incertos inplicat orbis ; Ille autem, insidiis et ripa territus alta, Mille fugit refugitque vias: at vividus Umber 743.] Inplicat' carries on the notion of 'incertos: the circles are confused and wayward. 6 744.] Inclusere' perfect: so 8. 599, "Undique colles Inclusere cavi et nigra nemus abiete cingunt." Teucri densa' Med. 745.] Vasta palus,' the Laurentian marsh see on 10. 709. 746-790.] Aeneas, pursuing Turnus, at length lights upon his spear, which was in the stump of a sacred oleaster. Turnus in his agony prays to Faunus and Terra that he may be unable to draw it out. His prayer is heard. Juturna seizes the opportunity to give back his own sword to Turnus, and Venus thereupon releases the spear of Aeneas. Thus the two champions meet once again.' 746.] Tardata' Med. a m. p., Pal., Rom., and Gud., 'tardante' Med. a m. s., perhaps a reminiscence of 5. 395, "gelidus tardante senecta Sanguis hebet." Ribbeck has followed Heyne in reading 'tardata,' which Wagn. unnecessarily displaced, for tardante,' against the balance of authority. 748.] Instat' for 'urguet' Arusianus p. 238 L. "Fervidus instat" 9. 350., 10.788. 749.] Serv. comp. Apollonius R. 2. 278 foll., a passage modelled on II. 10. 360 foll., where the pursuit of Dolon by Diomede and Ulysses is described. Virg. was chiefly thinking of Il. 22. 188 foll., where Achilles is pursuing Hector: ns 8' STE veВpov Ŏpeopι kuwv ¿λápoio díntaι 'Opoas ¿¿ evvîs &c.; but he has varied the situation by representing Turnus as hemmed in 745 750 755 between the marsh and the walls, and adapting the simile accordingly. 750.] "Puniceaeve agitant pavidos formidine pennae " G. 3. 372 note. 751.] Venator canis' like "bellator equus" 11. 89. Wagn. well quotes Silius 3. 294, "Ceu pernix cum densa vagis latratibus inplet Venator dumeta Lacon aut exigit Umber" &c. Heyne punctuated 'venator cursu, canis et latratibus,' as if ' venator' did not go with 'canis.' 752.] Insidiis,' the 'formido;' 'ripa,' the river, 'et' being disjunctive, as que' is in the simile 10. 708 note, "(aper) multos Vesulus quem pinifer annos Defendit, multosque palus Laurentia." 753.Fugit refugitque' like "itque reditque viam totiens" 6. 122. 'Ac' for ' at 'Med. a m. p. The description of the Umbrian dog in Gratius (Cyn. 171) would suit a stag-hound: "At fugit adversos idem quos repperit hostes Umber: quanta fides utinam et sollertia naris, Tanta foret virtus et tantam vellet in armis." Imber' Pal., and originally Gud. 754.] "Illum ardens infesto volnere Pyrrhus Insequitur, iam iamque manu tenet et premit hasta " 2. 529. Tenens' Rom., with one of Ribbeck's cursives. 755.] Increpuit malis,' makes his teeth sound as they meet. Increpuit-elusus est,' perf., not aorist. 756.] Βράχε δ' αἰπὰ ῥέεθρα, Οχθαι δ ̓ ȧuol epi μeydλ' taxov, 11. 21.9. "Resultant aedesque lacusque" Lucil. Libr. Inc. 140 (Gerlach), quoted by Cerda. 'Lacus,' the pools in the marsh. 757.] "Caelum tonat omne fragore" 9. Ille simul fugiens Rutulos simul increpat omnis, 541, whence Minoraug. has 'fragore' here, with some support from another of Rib. beck's cursives. 758.] Simul fugiens' like "simul hoc dicens 10. 856: perhaps an imitation of the Greek construction of åua with participle. 759.] 759-831 is wanting in Rom. "Nomine quemque vocans 11. 731. 'Ekovoμaкλhồnν óvoμáswv ávdpa KaσтOV, II. 22. 415. Efflagito,' to demand earnestly (see Forc.). ་ 760.] Varied from Il. 22. 205, Aaoîow δ ̓ ἀνένευε καρήατι διος Αχιλλεύς, Οὐδ ̓ ἔα ἱέμεναι ἐπὶ Εκτορι πικρὰ βέλεμνα. 761.] " Quisquam is used with emphasis in other than negative) propositions to signify any one whatever, any one in general in conditional and relative propositions, where it is intended to express the condition or relative definition in the most general and comprehensive manner possible" Madv. § 494. 2. b. Trementis,' trembling already: comp. "ne me terrete timentem " v. 875 below. 762.] Exscissurum' the MS. known as the Parrhasian: see on "excisa Troia" 2. 637. Se' is omitted, as in v. 654 above (note), "summasque minatur Deiecturum arces. 'Saucius,' 'in spite of his wound.' 763.] Inde alios ineunt cursus aliosque recursus " 5. 583. Retexunt,' weave over again so "revolvere iter " 9. 391 of going back on one's steps. With explent cursu' Gossr. comp. Lucr. 2. 323, "Loca cursu Camporum complent." 764.] 'Emel oux ¡ephïov ovdè Boein Αρνύσθην, ἅ τε ποσσὶν ἀέθλια γίγνεται ἀνδρῶν, ̓Αλλὰ περὶ ψυχῆς θεον Εκτορος inяodáμoio, II. 22. 159 foll. ‘Ludicra :' 760 765 770 "vilia, digna ludo" Serv. "Quasi vero clarorum virorum.... esse oporteat ludicros sermones" Cic. Acad. Pr. 2. 2. 6. 766.] The introduction of the 'oleaster,' as Heyne suggests, is very probably due to a reminiscence of Homer's èpiveós, Il. 22. 145: Οἱ δὲ παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἦνε μbevтa.... éσrevorro. The oleaster was a very tough tree: see the story in Theophrastus, Hist. Plant. 5. 3, about that in Megara, under the bark of which were said to have been found arms that had been hung up on it when it was younger; and comp. Aristoph. Plut. 939, Καὶ ταῦτα πρὸς τὸ μέτωπον αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα Ωσπερ κοτίνῳ, προσπασσαλεύσω τουτί, with the scholion: ὅτι ἐπὶ τῶν κοτίνων καὶ ἄλλων δένδρων πανταχοῦ ἐν τοῖς ἱεροῖς προσπαττα λεύουσι τὰ ἀναθήματα. Foliis oleaster amaris' G. 2. 314. The tree is dedicated to Faunus, as the oak (10. 423) is to be dedicated to Tiber. The worship of Faunus was, with few exceptions, an openair worship: see Preller, Römische Mythologie, p. 341 (2nd ed.). 767.] Olim,' from long time: comp. deprensis olim statio tutissima nautis G. 4. 421. 'Lignum,' suggesting its tough Sustulerant, puro ut possent concurrere campo. Livy 24. 14, "Dimicaturum puro ac patenti campo." Hor. 2 Ep. 2. 71, "Purae sunt plateae, nihil ut meditantibus obstet." Ἐν καθαρῷ, ὅθι δὴ νεκύων διεφαίνετο χῶρος, II. 8. 491. 772.] For the lengthening of the final syllable of stabat' see Excursus to this book. 773.] 'Detulerat fixam et lenta radice tenebat' Med. originally, and so Gud., Minoraug., and another of Ribbeck's cursives. Med. corrected omits 'et,' and inserts ab' before radice:' comp. "alta ab radice revellit" v. 787 below. 'Lenta ab radice 'Pal. corrected, 'lenta in radice' some inferior copies; and so Heyne and Wagn., who however would prefer 'fixam lenta radice tenebat,' making 'oleaster' the subject of 'tenebat.' Ribbeck seems right in adopting the original reading of Med., and punctuating 'detulerat fixam et lenta radice tenebat,' taking away Heyne's comma after 'detulerat.' 'Fixam goes more naturally with 'detulerat' than with 'tenebat the prolepsis of the past participle may be paralleled by 3. 236, "tectosque per herbam Disponunt enses.' Impetus is the most natural nom. for 'tenebat: the swing of the throw was strong enough to bring it there, fix it, and to continue to hold it there in the root. 'Lentus,' tough, clinging, as in v. 781 below, "lento in stirpe." With the whole passage comp. II. 21. 171 foll, where Achilles' spear, aimed at Asteropaeus, is fixed in a bank : 'O 8' iynλǹv Báλev ŏxony, Μεσσοπαλὲς δ ̓ ἄρ ̓ ἔθηκε κατ ̓ ὄχθης μείλινον ἔγχος· Πηλείδης δ ̓ ἄορ ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος παρὰ μηροῦ ̓Αλτ ̓ ἐπί οἱ μεμαώς· ὁ δ ̓ ἄρα μελίην Ἀχιλῆος Οὐ δύνατ ̓ ἐκ κρημνοῖο ἐρύσσαι χειρὶ παχείῃ. 775 780 774.] Convellere: 3. 24, "viridemque ab humo convellere silvam." 775.] Tergo' Pal. originally for 'telo.' ‘Telo sequi like “sequi hasta, iaculo” 11. 674, v. 354 above. "Pariter cursu teloque secutus" 9. 559. Vv. 775-777 occur twice over in Med., being written again on the margin after v. 777. 778.] Εἴ ποτέ τοι χαρίεντ ̓ ἐπὶ νηὸν ἔρεψα K.T.λ., II. 1. 39. 'Colere honores' like "religiones colere" Livy 3. 57; "caerimonias" Cic. Tusc. 1. 12. 27. 779.] Ferro,' which is given as a variant in Gud., is found in Bottendorph's copies and the Zuylichem MS. Ribbeck likes it for the alliteration. Bello,' because they had done it for the sake of the combatants. Profanos: "non omne quod sacrum non sit profanum, sed quod sacrum fuerit et desierit" Serv., and so Trebatius ap. Macrob. Sat. 3. 3. 3. 780.] In vota vocavit' 5. 234 note. Vocabit' Pal. corrected. 781.] Luctans lentoque,' an intentional alliteration. 'Lentus" V. 773 above. "Stirpem Vergilius et masculino et feminino genere dixit: masculino, cum radices arborum significare vult... feminino cum ad progeniem refert." Probus de Nom. p. 218. Comp. Charisius i. 15. 85 (Neue, Formenlehre der Lateinischen Sprache i. p. 696.) 782.] Discludere' Pal., Med. a m. s., Gud. corrected, with another of Ribbeck's cursives: discurrere' Med. a m. p., and as a variant in Gud. Convellere' and 'discindere' are found in other copies. “Ferit aures nostras hoc verbum discludere,” says Macrob. Sat. 6. 4. 11. ‘Morsus, grip, as of an anchor 1. 169. Rursus in aurigae faciem mutata Metisci 784.] So Il. 22. 276 of the spear of ་ 790.] Certamina' Serv., confirmed by Med., Pal., Gud., and another of Ribbeck's cursives and so Heins., followed by Rib. beck. Heyne, Wagn., and Forb. read 'certamine,' which, though as old as Serv., who mentions it as a various reading, is only found in one of Ribbeck's cursives and some inferior copies. The difficulty is to know what adsistunt contra certamina' could mean. The abl. sing. and neut. pl. are again confused in the MSS. in 9. 143 (see on 4. 98), and it is not impossible that ' certamina was introduced by a scribe who did not understand the adverbial use 6 of 'contra.' 'Adsistunt contra,' they stand 785 790 there to meet each other: 'adsisto' as in Cic. Leg. 2. 4. 10, of Horatius Cocles waiting to meet the enemy, “ ut contra omnes hostium copias in ponte unus adsisteret " (Forc.). Contra,' against each other: comp. "stant obnixa omnia contra" 10. 359: veikeîv àλλhλoiσiv évavríov, Il. 20. 252. 'Certamen Martis' like épida Apnos Il. 5. 861. gen. sing. 'Anheli' nom. pl., not 791-842.] A dialogue takes place between Jupiter and Juno, in which Juno unwillingly consents to leave the battle and let fate take its course, begging only that the victorious Trojans may not be allowed to impose their name upon the Latins. To this Jupiter agrees.' 791.] 'Omnipotentis Olympi' 10. 1 note. 792.] So Apollo, 9. 639, "Desuper Ausonias acies urbemque videbat Nube sedens :" comp."Hpn d' elσeîde Xpvoó@povos ὀφθαλμοῖσιν Στᾶσ ̓ ἐξ Ουλύμποιο ἀπὸ ῥίου, II. 14. 153. Fulva nubes:' Pindar's favoà vepéλa Ol. 7. 49. 793.] Finis' fem. (as always in Lu. cretius) 2. 554., 3. 145., 5. 327, 384. Quid restat?' what more is there that you can do?' Quid iam misero mihi denique restat ?" 2. 70. 794.] Indiges,' the title of Aeneas after he had disappeared from the earth: see the Pompeian inscription in the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum 1, Elog. 20, "Aeneas [dictus] est indigens [et in deorum] numero relatus:" comp. Tibull. 2. 5. 44, "cum te veneranda Numici Unda deum caelo miserit Indigetem :" so Livy 1. 2. 6, "situs est (Aeneas) quemcunque eum dici ius fasque est super Numicium flumen: Iovem indigetem appellant." See Schwegler, Römische Geschichte 1, p. 328. Indiges' is considered by Corssen (Kritische Nachträge zur Lateinischen Formenlehre, p. 254) to be the participle |
