Sustulit exsilio comitem, matrisque vocavit 542.] Exsilio dat. with comitem.' Pal. and originally Gud. have locavit,' which confirms the emendation of Manilius suggested Vol. 1, p. 371 (395 ed. 2). 543.] "Casmilus" is generally supposed to have been a collateral, probably an older form of " camillus," the attendant of a flamen, and so inferentially Casmila" of "Camilla." So "Casmena," "Camena." Varro L. L. 7. 34 Müller, and Statius Tullianus De Vocabulis Rerum, book 1, cited by Serv. here, and Macrob. Sat. 3. 8 declare that the word "Casmilus "is Greek, and used by Callimachus, evidently referring, as Müller observes, to the Cabeiric god known as Cadmilus, Casmilus, or Cadmus. Virg. apparently symbolizes the fact that "Casmilla " an older form than "Camilla" by making one the name of the mother, the other of the daughter. No ancient author, how ever, appears distinctly to attest the existence of "casmilus" as a Latin word apart from the name of the Cabeiric god, so that it is possible that we may be merely dealing with a conjectural attempt at antiquarian explanation, such as Varro and Virg. were fond of. is 544.] Ruhkopf rightly connects 'ipse' with sinu prae se portans' rather than with 'petebat.' Longa' seems not to mean "longinqua," as Serv. explains it, but to denote the extent of the mountain region, in which Metabus hoped to baffle pursuit. 545.] Iuga nemorum' like silvarum" 6. 256 note. 546.] Circumfuso,' like undique,' is not to be taken strictly. Metabus was evidently ahead of his pursuers: but, being many against one, they hoped to overtake and surround him. 547.] 'Amasenus' 7. 685. "Amnis abundans" G. 1. 115. Summis ripis' 545 550 with 'spumabat,' the abl. being local. It was the overflow of the river which made it foam over the brim." Flumina... summis labentia ripis " Lucr. 2, 362, where Munro quotes other instances of the same construction from Horace and Ovid. 548.] Tantus' gives the reason for what goes before, as in 5. 404, &c. 'Se rumpere G. 1. 446. Rumpere' with abl. v. 377 above. 550.]" Pariter comitique onerique timentem" 2. 729. Secum,' because Metabus is the real subject of the sentence. Heyne 551.] The union of subito' and 'vix' has given trouble to the commentators. The most natural meaning seems to be that the thought was a sudden one, but that he did not accept it without reluctance. The necessities of his position account for the suddenness, the peril of the plan for the reluctance. thinks vix' expresses that the conclusion was slowly formed, subito' that it was rapidly executed. Wagn. explains vix' with reference to what follows-he had scarcely formed the plan, when &c.; but this would leave haec sententia' unexplained, and in other respects would not be so natural. Some early editors, apparently following Serv., whose words however are not quite clear, connected 'subito' with 'versanti,' which Valckenaer on Ammonius p. 67 thought might be equivalent to the Homeric doάoσaro. 'Sedere' of a resolution 4. 15., 5. 418., 7. 611. There the prominent notion is that of fixity, here that of settling down; and so there the pres. or imperf. is used, here the perf. est " 552.] Telum inmane' followed by 'huic,' not unlike "urbem quam statuo vestra 1. 573, though here the greater length of the sentence supplies some excuse for it. Wagn. ingeniously considers Bellator, solidum nodis et robore cocto, it as a rhetorical artifice, intended to express Metabus' perturbation. Forte his carrying the weapon was natural enough, as he had escaped from the enemy, and would of course be armed in self-defence; but it was accidental with reference to the purpose to which he had decided on applying it. Comp. 12. 206, "dextra sceptrum nam forte gerebat." Here Med. has 'gerebat' altered into 'ferebat.' 553.] Bellator' gives the reason for his having the weapon with him, at the same time that it indicates the character of the weapon. It matters little whether 'robore cocto' be constructed with solidum' or taken separately as a descriptive abl. 'Cocto,' probably by the smoke, G. 1. 175. Serv. says that spears were actually hardened in the fire to separate them from their bark, and Heyne renders 'cocto' "igni durato, praeusto:" but the "sudes praeustae" of 7. 524 had their ends hardened in the fire in default of iron points. Serv. also comp. Pers. 1. 97, "Ut ramale vetus vegrandi subere coctum," where however the fact that the branch is actually growing on the tree makes the parallel little better than a verbal one. 555 560 however 'cultor' is not simply an inhabitant, but a cultivator. Phaedr. 2. 4. 3 has "sus nemoricultrix," like "cerva silvicultrix" Catull. 61 (63). 72. 558.] Ipse' seems to mean 'I, who have the most right, as making a vow of what is my own.' So Serv. "Bene ipse pater,' quoniam auctoramenti potestatem nisi patres non habent." Serv. takes tua' with supplex,' like ixérns σós; but this could hardly stand here unless 'prima' were constructed similarly. Tua tela,' because the weapon is dedicated to Diana, "donum Triviae" v. 566. These very words contain the dedication, which is made in Virg.'s characteristically indirect manner. Metabus himself ceases to be a warrior, and becomes a wild man, and it is not unnatural that at this moment he should speak of a war-spear as if it might be a hunting-javelin. Tua tela' will then be like "tua quercus" 10. 423 on the one hand, while on the other it may be comp. with "nostris armis " v. 536. Prima,' the first weapons she holds are thine. 559.] Tela tenens' 5. 514 &c. Testor,' I call thee to witness the surrender. 560.] Tuam,' thy servant. Comp. Hor. 3 Od. 4. 21, "Vester, Camenae, vester in arduos Tollor Sabinos," and contrast 66 meus Pers. 5. 88, my own man, or, as we more commonly say, my own master. With 'dubiis committitur auris' comp. "incertis committere ventis" Lucr. 5. 782. 561.] "Adductis lacertis" 5. 141. Here the arm is drawn towards the body, and indeed behind it, behind the head. 562.] Inmittit' sends into the air, G. 2. 364. 'Sonuere undae' is generally taken, resounded with the noise of the spear, an exaggeration which would be sufficiently after Virg.'s manner. But it would be more poetical, though perhaps more modern, to understand the words of Infelix fugit in iaculo stridente Camilla. At Metabus, magna propius iam urguente caterva, the roaring of the swollen flood, which spear. 563.] Doubts why Camilla is called 'infelix' have been raised since the time of Serv.; but it evidently refers not to her future destiny, which would be flat, but to the moment during which she is sent on her perilous venture. 565.] Dat sese fluvio' like "se dedit aequor in altum " G. 4. 528. 'Victor,' having triumphed over the difficulty, like "victor propositi" Hor. 1 Ep. 13. 11. 566.] Donum Triviae' refers to the spear as well as to Camilla: see on v. 558. Cerda understands it as the gift not to but of Diana, who had granted his prayer, and presented him with his daughter's life (comp. 2. 31 note); but this is less likely. For vellit' Pal. and Gud. have 'tollit,' the latter with 'vellit' as a variant, conceivably, as Ribbeck suggests, from G. 4. 273. 567.] Forullae' Axt and Peerlkamp conj. villae:' a slight enough change, but the other is more Virgilian. Forb.'s objection that the villa' was not known to the heroic ages might be got over, as Virg. is not consistent in that respect. For 'tectis, moenibus accepere' see on 7. 210. 568.] "Manus dedisset,' consensisset," Serv. Heyne says “ manus dat proprie victus, tum omnino qui cedit, qui placatur, h. 1. qui quod humanitas aliorum 565 570 vel hospitalitas offert accipit." 'Feritate ' 569.] Pastorum' with 'montibus' (comp. G. 3. 476, "desertaque regna Pastorum et longe saltus lateque vacantis "), not, as Serv., Wagn. &c. think, with ' aevum,' which would be rather a questionable expression for "aevum pastorale." At the same time the position of pastorum' shows that it is meant rhetorically to colour the whole verse. Et,' which Brunck and Wakef. questioned, means and so.' 'Exigere aevum ' 10. 53. 570.] In dumis' = "inter dumos," much as in G. 4. 130. "In silvis inter deserta ferarum Lustra" 3. 646. Horrentia' because of the wood. 'Hinc,' which Burm. introduced for hic,' seemingly without authority, was the original reading of Pal. 571.] Armentalis," "quae inter armenta feturae caussa pascatur" Serv., a brood mare, Gr. ἵππος ἀγελαία, as Cerda remarks. Equae mammis et lacte ferino' hendiadys. Ferus' of horses 2. 51 note. 572.] Nutribat' for nutriebat,' like "lenibat," "polibat" &c., Madv. § 115 b. With teneris inmulgens ubera labris' comp. Liv. Andr. inc. 9, "Quem ego nefrendem alui, lacteam inmulgens opem," doubtless from the Aegisthus, being a translation of Aesch. Cho. 897, μaoτóv, πρὸς ᾧ σὺ πολλὰ δὴ βρίζων ἅμα Οὔλοισιν éμeλĝas evtpapès yáλa. 573.] Institerat vestigia' is really a cogn. Institerat, iaculo palmas armavit acuto, 575 580 66 an acus." In what sense the tiger's skin supplied the place of the 'crinale aurum' is difficult to see. Perhaps the head of the beast formed a cap, as in the case of the lion's skin 7. 667. Cerda refers to Val. F. 6. 704 foll., where when a personage clad in tiger's skin is slain, it is said " perquam optima fictione" (as he thinks), "subitos ex ore cruores Saucia tigris hiat vitamque effundit herilem." But Virg. may have written loosely, intending no more than that a tiger's hide was Camilla's only ornament. For a beast's hide worn by a hunter as a chlamys comp. v. 679 below, 1. 323. Meantime one inferior MS. has 'vittae' for 'pallae,' doubtless from 7.352. The palla' was long: see on 1. 404. acc., "insistere pro insistendo (10. 138), rather than, as Forc. thinks, facere," as Forb. explains it. But this construction is so rare in Latin as compared with Greek, that we can hardly suppose that Virg. intended more than a variety of the construction with the acc. of the object, which we have had in 6. 563, G. 3. 164, 'vestigia' being identified with the ground on which she planted her feet. Comp. Lucr. 1. 406, "Cum semel institerunt vestigia certa viai." 'Pedum plantis' will be abl. of instr., though Heyne is doubtless right in supposing that Virg. meant an allusion to the construction with the dat. without any acc., 'plantis institerat.' 'Pedum plantis' occur together 8. 458; here however 'pedum' might go with 'vestigia,' as in Lucr. 3. 4, "Fixa pedum pono pressis vestigia signis." Ut primis' "ut primum" (4. 259 &c.), as Wagn. remarks. 574.] Oneravit,' the common reading before Wagn., is found in one of Ribbeck's cursives, and confirmed by Serv., who says "onus enim quicquid teneris inponitur manibus," without noticing the existence of a variant. It can hardly be doubted that the word came, as Wagn. supposes, from a recollection of 10. 868. Possibly Serv. may have written his note from memory, as otherwise he could scarcely have failed to mention 'armavit,' though he might not have approved of it. Forb. may be right in pressing the pl. 'palmas,' as if she carried in two hands what a grown person would have carried in one, though tela puerilia' v. 578 is a little against this. 576.] Crinali auro:' see on 4. 138. 'Crinale' is found alone Ov. M. 5. 53, (ornabat) madidos myrrha curvum crinale capillos," where the epithet suggests a "fibula," or perhaps a "circulus" 578.] Iam tum,' even in those early days. 579.] Partly repeated from 9. 587. Tereti,' well-twisted, as in Catull. 62 (64). 65 "tereti strophio laetentis vincta papillas," Hor. 1 Od. 1. 28 "rupit teretes Marsus aper plagas.” 580.] "Strymoniae grues" G. 1. 120. Deiicere' of bringing down a bird 5. 542. Germ. comp. KATаßáλλELY. 581.] Tyrrhena per oppida Heyne remarks that Campania, which lay on the other side of the river Amasenus, was formerly inhabited by the Etruscans. Gossrau refers to Müller's Etrusker, Einl. p. 4. Multae illam matres optavere nurum,' a variety for saying she had many suitors,' 7. 54. The parents, we may remember, in ancient times generally made the match. For the expression Cerda comp. Catull. 60 (62). 42, “Multi illum pueri, multae optavere puellae." 582.] Diana' see on v. 536 above. 584.] Correpta militia,' as if the tide had carried her away. Probably too Virg. 585 Militia tali, conata lacessere Teucros : thought of" corripi amore," 'militia' being a condensed expression for "amore militiae." 66 585.] Tali,' opposed to service in the woods. Conata' virtually = "et conata fuisset." 'Conata lacessere:' she actually provoked the Trojans: but as her military efforts were abortive, Virg. has chosen a word denoting endeavour, rather than such a word as "ausa." Serv., after explaining the force of the participle conata,' goes on to say, Hac autem ratione ostendit quare non suscensa a Troianis," where the last words are marked by the editors as corrupt. All will be right if for suscensa a' we read 'suscenseat,' the meaning being that Diana mentions Camilla's having provoked the combat to show why she does not resent the conduct of the Trojans in fighting with her favourite. 586.] The commentators are at some pains to reconcile 'cara foret' with 66 cara mihi ante alias " above v. 537. But there is no real difficulty. Diana means that if Camilla had remained with her, she would have been able to treat her with fondness, which now she cannot do. Wakef. read 'cura' from a single inferior MS. Vellem' &c. virtually contains the protasis of which this line is the apo dosis. 587.] Pierius reads 'urguemur,' which however does not appear in any MS. or early edition. For acerbis Gud. has a variant iniquis,' which is the reading of some inferior copies, probably a recollection of 2. 257., 3. 17, or 10. 380. For a similar variety see on 1. 668. Acerbus' of premature death, as 6. 429, v. 28 above. 588.] "Caelo labi" G. 1. 366. "Arcadiae invisere finis" 8. 159. Finis Latinos' 8. 602. 589.] 'Committitur: the battle was already joining when Diana spoke. "Pugnam committere" 5. 69. Diana speaks of the fight as unhappy from its result to Camilla and her friends. 590.] Haec,' the bow and arrows. Depromunt tela pharetris" 5. 501. 591.] For 'hac' some of Pierius' copies read 'ac.' Med. originally had 'violaret,' a common error. "Violarit volnere' above v. 277., 12. 797. 592.] All Ribbeck's MSS. but one cursive read Italusque.' In Med. however 'q.' (sic) is written over an erasure, and Serv. appears to have read 've,' his ex'planation being "sive eam Troianus interemerit sive aliquis de Aeneae auxiliis.” Que' might be defended, the penalty being looked upon as one which menaced all alike, 'pariter,' so long as the action was contingent: but 've' is much more natural. The question is one of a class on which the authority even of the best MSS. is inconclusive. See on 10. 108. Italus' must refer, as Serv. takes it, to Aeneas' Italian auxiliaries. He mentions however a notion which some had that Arruns was a partisan of Turnus, who was jealous of the military success of one of the weaker sex. Det sanguine poenas' 2. 366. 593.] The thought is from Il. 16. 667 foll., where Zeus bids Apollo carry away the body of Sarpedon. Nube cava' 5. 810. 594.] Forc. quotes another instance of inspoliatus' from Quint. 7. 1. Spoliare' generally takes an acc. of the person: but Forc. gives two or three instances where it has one of the thing. With the line generally comp. 4. 392, "Marmoreo referunt thalamo stratisque reponunt." 'Patriae' a sort of local dative, such as is used to express motion to. It is doubtless a vestige of the locative, though Virg. probably did not think it so. See on 6. 84. This seems better than with Forb. to take reponere' as="reddere." |
