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the Dominion was 188,000; their total earnings were more than eight millions sterling, or a weekly average of about 17s. 6d., a high rate, considering that a large number of females, and of persons under sixteen years, tend to lower the average.

Few of us in this country appreciate the rapidly growing commercial value of Canada. In 1876 the total imports of the Dominion were rather less than twenty millions sterling, of which more than eight millions were from England; and of sixteen millions of exports, the mother country received more than eight and a half millions.

tion sus

wages at

Hitherto we have been considering emigration as a Emigrameans of forming new nations in unpeopled regions, tains and as a means of creating an important outlet for home. external trade. But emigration tends to ameliorate the condition of the population at home by diminishing the competition for employment; in other words by increasing wages, or at least arresting the downward tendency consequent on an excessive growth of the population. It confers an equally essential benefit by the additional supplies it furnishes to a country depending largely on imported food. I have already alluded to the pastoral wealth of the Australian colonies. As their population increases they will doubtless become extensive growers of grain. The prospect of an increased supply of wheat from the colonies becomes especially valuable in view of the diminished growth of cereals at home. The acreage under wheat in the United Kingdom in 1867 was 3,367,876 acres. In 1877 it was reduced to 3,168,540

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Trade or Calling

Bookbinders

Compositors Lithographers. Carpenters.

Stonemasons

Bricklayers.
Plasterers

The following Return shows the current Rate of Wages in

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country

Blacksmiths'

strikers

Iron-moulders and

Turners

1s. 1d. to 18. 5d. per hour (eight hours a day) 751. per annum, with board

8d. to 9 d. per hour

18. Od. to 18. 44d. per hour

Boiler-makers. 1s. to 1s. 6d. per

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108. to 128. per diem 40s. to 60s. per week 98. to 128. per diem

70l. to 80l. per an., with board and lodging

10s. to 11s. per diem

108. to 128.

558. to 65s. per week

98. to 128. per diem

13s. per 1,000, on the hack

548. to 70s. per week

8s. to 10s. per diem

At pit, 138. per 100 feet 10d. to 18. per hour

Piecework-Aver

age earnings, 458. to 60s. per week

78. 6d. to 8s. 6d. per diem

9d. to 18. per hour

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In the case of country labourers, board and lodging usually consists of a dwelling, with
As a rule, it may be said that cottage accommodation for a mechanic and his family

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a ration of 12lbs. meat, 10 lbs. flour, 2 lbs. of sugar, and 4 ozs. of tea per week. can be obtained in the Australasian colonies at from 5s. to 12s. a week.

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