5 ὁ παρ' ὑμῶν στρατηγὸς τὰς μὲν πόλεις τὰς ἐν τῷ Παρασίτη κόλπῳ κατοικουμένας ἔλαβεν ἁπάσας, ὑμῖν μὲν ἐνόρκους, ἐμοὶ δὲ συμμαχίδας οὖσας, τοὺς δ ̓ εἰς Μακεδονίαν πλέ- 25 οντας ἐπώλει πάντας πολεμίους κρίνων· καὶ διὰ ταῦθ ̓ ὑμεῖς ἐπῃνεῖτ ̓ αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς ψηφίσμασιν. ὥστε ἔγωγε 160 ἀπορῶ τί ποτ ̓ ἔσται καινότερον, ἐὰν ὁμολογήσητέ μοι πολεμεῖν· καὶ γὰρ ὅτε φανερῶς διεφερόμεθα, λῃστὰς ἐξεπέμπετε, καὶ τοὺς πλέοντας ὡς ἡμᾶς ἐπωλεῖτε, τοῖς ἐναν τίοις ἐβοηθεῖτε, τὴν χώραν μου κακῶς ἐποιεῖτε. 6 Χωρὶς τοίνυν εἰς τοῦτο παρανομίας ἀφῖχθε καὶ δυσμε νείας ὥστε καὶ πρὸς τὸν Πέρσην πρέσβεις ἀπεστάλκατε πείσοντας αὐτὸν ἐμοὶ πολεμεῖν· ὃ μάλιστα ἄν τις θαυμά σειεν. πρὸ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ λαβεῖν αὐτὸν Αἴγυπτον καὶ Φοινίκην ἐψηφίσασθε, ἂν ἐκεῖνός τι νεωτερίζῃ, παρακαλεῖν 10 ὁμοίως ἐμὲ καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους Ελληνας ἅπαντας ἐπ ̓ αὐτόν· η νῦν δὲ τοσοῦτον ὑμῖν περίεστι τοῦ πρὸς ἐμὲ μίσους ὥστε πρὸς ἐκεῖνον διαλέγεσθε περὶ τῆς ἐπισυμμαχίας. καίτοι τὸ παλαιὸν οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν, ὡς ἐγὼ πυνθάνομαι, τοῖς Πεισιστρατίδαις ἐπετίμων ὡς ἐπάγουσι τὸν Πέρσην ἐπὶ τοὺς 15 Ελληνας· ὑμεῖς δ ̓ οὐκ αἰσχύνεσθε ταῦτα ποιοῦντες, ἃ διετελεῖτε τοῖς τυράννοις ἐγκαλοῦντες. 8 ̓Αλλὰ πρὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις καὶ γράφετε ἐν τοῖς ψηφίσμασιν several towns dependent upon, or allied with Philip, of which complaint is here made to the Athenians. As he is called ὁ παρ' ὑμῶν στρατηγός it is probable that he was then also assisted by Athenian troops (Grote, xi. 627). ὑμῖν μὲν ἐνόρκους] ' towns under treaty ratified by oath with you.' As Philip's allies they were parties to the peace of B. C. 346. τί . . . καινότερον.] ‘what worse will happen.' πρὸς τὸν Πέρσην πρέσβεις] In conformity with the advice given c. Phil. iii. § 84, p. 227, and c. Phil. iv. § 38. See Clinton, Fas. Hell. ii. 146. πρὸ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ λαβεῖν] Philip means to insinuate that before the recovery (B. c. 346) of the revolted provinces of Aegypt and Phoenicia, the Persian king was less formidable to Greece than afterwards in B. c. 340. The monarch alluded to is Artaxerxes Ochus. Diod. xvi. 42— 46. 47-51. Grote, xi. 609. ἐψηφίσασθε] Nothing is recorded else- ἐπισυμμαχία] ἐμοὶ προστάττοντες Τήρην καὶ Κερσοβλέπτην ἐᾶν Θρᾴκης ἄρχειν ὡς ὄντας ̓Αθηναίους. ἐγὼ δὲ τούτους οὔτε τῶν 20 περὶ τῆς εἰρήνης συνθηκῶν οἶδα μετασχόντας ὑμῖν οὔτ ̓ ἐν ταῖς στήλαις ἀναγεγραμμένους οὔτ ̓ Αθηναίους ὄντας, ἀλλὰ Τήρην μὲν μετ ̓ ἐμοῦ στρατευόμενον ἐφ ̓ ὑμᾶς, Κερσοβλέπτην δὲ τοῖς παρ ̓ ἐμοῦ πρεσβευταῖς ἰδίᾳ μὲν τοὺς ὅρκους ὀμόσαι προθυμούμενον, κωλυθέντα δ ̓ ὑπὸ τῶν 25 ὑμετέρων στρατηγῶν ἀποφαινόντων αὐτὸν ̓Αθηναίων έχε 9 θρόν. καίτοι πῶς ἐστὶ τοῦτ ̓ ἴσον ἢ δίκαιον, ὅταν μὲν ὑμῖν συμφέρῃ, πολέμιον εἶναι φάσκειν αὐτὸν τῆς πόλεως, 161 ὅταν δ ̓ ἐμὲ συκοφαντεῖν βούλησθε, πολίτην ἀποδείκνυσθαι τὸν αὐτὸν ὑφ ̓ ὑμῶν· καὶ Σιτάλκου μὲν ἀποθανόντος, ᾧ μετέδοτε τῆς πολιτείας, εὐθὺς ποιήσασθαι πρὸς τὸν ἀποκτείναντα φιλίαν, ὑπὲρ δὲ Κερσοβλέπτου πόλεμον ἄρασθαι 5 πρὸς ἡμᾶς; καὶ ταῦτα σαφῶς εἰδότας ὅτι τῶν λαμβανόντων τὰς δωρεὰς τὰς τοιαύτας οὐδεὶς οὔτε τῶν νόμων οὔτε 10 τῶν ψηφισμάτων οὐδὲν φροντίζει τῶν ὑμετέρων. οὐ μὴν Τήρην] Not otherwise known. He was doubtless a prince or chieftain in Thrace. ἐν ταῖς στήλαις] The pillars on which were engraven the conditions of the parties to the peace of 346 B.c. One would be in Attica, the other in Macedonia, as imperishable monuments of the fact. τοῖς παρ' ἐμοῦ πρεσβευταῖς ἰδίᾳ] privately with my ambassadors, and not with them and the Athenian ambassadors jointly.' This representation is irreconcileable with the assertion that Philip was prosecuting his campaign against Cersobleptes in Thrace (De Pace, Introduction, p. 109); and taking his towns in the interval between the conclusion of peace at Athens by Philip's envoys, and the ratification of it by Philip himself. Moreover, it is inconsistent with the statement of Aeschines, that an envoy of Cersobleptes demanded in the public assembly at Athens that this prince should be included in the treaty of peace. Aeschines, F. L. §§ 88, 89. Demos. F. L. § 172. It should be observed, that in prose πρέσβεις is generally used in the plural, not πρεσβευταί, though indeed the latter word is found in Thucyd. viii. 77, and in Deinar. c. Demos. § 12: τῶν πρεσβευ τῶν ὡς τοῦτον ἐλθόντων. Σιτάλκου ἀποθανόντος] There is some mistake here. For the Sitalces, king of the Odrysae in Thrace, and an ally of the Athenians, whose wars and death are related by Thucydides (ii. 29), fell in a battle with the Triballi, not by the hands of an assassin. Nor was he made a citizen of Athens, but his son Sadocus. On the other hand, the circumstances here alluded to really apply to Cotys, the father of Cersobleptes, who was honoured with the distinction of Athenian citizenship, for which however he showed but little gratitude. Consequently, when he was murdered by two inhabitants of Oenus, the Athenians bestowed upon them the rights of citizenship, and presented them with a golden crown. Hence it has been reasonably supposed that Cotys is the person here meant, and that Sitalces is an error of memory on the part of the writer. Aristocr. § 142. ἄρασθαι] I agree with Dobree in substituting this reading for αἱρεῖσθαι. Comp. De Symm. § 4: πόλεμον πρὸς αὐτὸν ἄρασθαι. 11 12 ἀλλ ̓ εἰ δεῖ πάντα τἆλλα παραλιπόντα συντόμως εἰπεῖν, ὑμεῖς ἔδοτε πολιτείαν Εὐαγόρᾳ τῷ Κυπρίῳ καὶ Διονυσίῳ 10 τῷ Συρακοσίῳ καὶ τοῖς ἐκγόνοις τοῖς ἐκείνων. ἐὰν οὖν πείσητε τοὺς ἐκβαλόντας ἑκατέρους αὐτῶν ἀποδοῦναι πάλιν τὰς ἀρχὰς τοῖς ἐκπεσοῦσι, κομίζεσθε καὶ παρ ̓ ἐμοῦ τὴν Θράκην, ὅσης Τήρης καὶ Κερσοβλέπτης ἦρχεν. εἰ δὲ τοῖς μὲν ἐκείνων κρατήσασι μηδ' ἐγκαλεῖν ἀξιοῦτε μηδὲν, ἐμὲ 15 δ ̓ ἐνοχλεῖτε, πῶς οὐ δικαίως ὑμᾶς ἀμυνοίμην ἄν; Περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων πολλὰ λέγειν ἔχων ἔτι δίκαια παραλιπεῖν προαιροῦμαι Καρδιανοῖς δέ φημι βοηθεῖν γεγονὼς αὐτοῖς πρὸ τῆς εἰρήνης σύμμαχος, οὐκ ἐθελόντων δ ̓ ὑμῶν ἐλθεῖν εἰς κρίσιν, πολλάκις μὲν ἐμοῦ δεηθέντος, 20 οὐκ ὀλιγάκις δ ̓ ἐκείνων· ὥστε πῶς οὐκ ἂν εἴην πάντων φαυλότατος, εἰ καταλιπὼν τοὺς συμμάχους μᾶλλον ὑμῶν φροντίζοιμι τῶν πάντα μοι τρόπον ἐνοχλούντων ἢ τῶν βεβαίως μοι φίλων ἀεὶ μενόντων ; Εἰ τοίνυν δεῖ μηδὲ τοῦτο παραλιπεῖν, εἰς τοσοῦτον ἐλη- 25 λύθατε πλεονεξίας ὥστε πρότερον μὲν ἐνεκαλεῖτέ μοι τὰ προειρημένα μόνον, τὰ δ ̓ ὑπογυιότατα Πεπαρηθίων φασ- 162 Εὐαγόρᾳ τῷ Κυρίῳ] This Evagoras was the grandson of the Cyprian prince of the same name, who assisted Conon in re-establishing the independence of Athens, after its subjugation by Lysander (B.C. 403). After the death of his father Nicocles, the younger Evagoras was deprived of his sovereignty, and expelled from Cyprus by a successful rival. He passed into the service of the Persian king, and when Cyprus joined Aegypt and Phoenicia in the great revolt against him, that monarch put in requisition the force of Idrieus, the prince of Caria (De Pace, § 25), who sent a body of troops, under the Athenian Phocion and Evagoras, which succeeded in reconquering the island for Persia (B.C. 345). But it does not appear that Evagoras regained his hereditary throne, for he was appointed to a government in Persia, in which he so misconducted himself, that to avoid punishment he fled to Cyprus, where he was arrested. If he received the honour of Athenian citizenship, it may have been granted from the respect which the Athenians felt for his grandfather, or from his having been associated with Phocion. It VOL. I. can scarcely be supposed that Philip con- Διονυσίῳ] This was the younger Dio- ἐὰν . . . τοὺς ἐκβαλόντας] The writer all. ἐλθεῖν εἰς κρίσιν] ' to have recourse to κόντων δεινὰ πεπονθέναι προσετάξατε τῷ στρατηγῷ δίκην παρ ̓ ἐμοῦ λαβεῖν ὑπὲρ ἐκείνων, οὓς ἐγὼ μὲν ἐτιμωρησάμην ἐνδεεστέρως ἢ προσῆκεν, ἐκεῖνοι δὲ εἰρήνης οὔσης καταλαβόντες Αλόννησον οὔτε τὸ χωρίον οὔτε τοὺς φρουροὺς 5 13 ἀπεδίδοσαν πέμψαντος ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἐμοῦ πολλάκις. ὑμεῖς δ ̓ ὧν μὲν ἠδίκησαν ἐμὲ Πεπαρήθιοι, τούτων μὲν οὐδὲν ἐπεσκήψασθε, τὴν δὲ τιμωρίαν, ἀκριβῶς εἰδότες ὅτι τὴν νῆσον οὔτ ̓ ἐκείνους οὔτε ὑμᾶς ἀφειλόμην, ἀλλὰ τὸν λῃστὴν Σώστρατον. εἰ μὲν οὖν αὐτοί φατε παραδοῦναι Σωστράτῳ, 10 λῃστὰς ὁμολογεῖτε καταπέμπειν· εἰ δὲ ἀκόντων ὑμῶν ἐκεῖνος ἐκράτει, τί δεινὸν πεπόνθατε λαβόντος ἐμοῦ καὶ τὸν 14 τόπον τοῖς πλέουσιν ἀσφαλῆ παρέχοντος; τοσαύτην δέ μου ποιουμένου πρόνοιαν τῆς ὑμετέρας πόλεως, καὶ διδόντος αὐτῇ τὴν νῆσον, οἱ ῥήτορες λαμβάνειν μὲν οὐκ εἴων, 15 ἀπολαβεῖν δὲ συνεβούλευον, ὅπως ὑπομείνας μὲν τὸ προσταττόμενον τὴν ἀλλοτρίαν ἔχειν ὁμολογώ, μὴ προειμένος 15 δὲ τὸ χωρίον ὕποπτος γένωμαι τῷ πλήθει. γνοὺς ἐγὼ ταῦτα προὐκαλούμην κριθῆναι περὶ τούτων πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ἵν ̓ ἐὰν μὲν ἐμὴ γνωσθῇ, παρ' ἐμοῦ δοθῇ τὸ χωρίον ὑμῖν, ἐὰν 20 16 δὲ ὑμετέρα κριθῇ, τότε ἀποδῶ τῷ δήμῳ. ταῦτα δ' ἐμοῦ πολλάκις ἀξιοῦντος ὑμεῖς μὲν οὐ προσείχετε, Πεπαρήθιοι δὲ τὴν νῆσον κατέλαβον. τί οὖν ἐχρῆν με ποιεῖν; οὐ δίκην λαβεῖν παρὰ τῶν ὑπερβεβηκότων τοὺς ὅρκους; οὐ τιμωρήσασθαι τοὺς οὕτως ὑπερηφάνως ἀσελγαίνοντας ; 25 καὶ γὰρ εἰ Πεπαρηθίων ἦν ἡ νῆσος, τί προσῆκεν ἀπαιτεῖν ̓Αθηναίους; εἰ δὲ ὑμετέρα, πῶς οὐκ ἐκείνοις ὀργίζεσθε 163 καταλαβοῦσι τὴν ἀλλοτρίαν ; 17 Εἰς τοῦτο δὲ προβεβήκαμεν ἔχθρας ὥστε βουλόμενος ταῖς ναυσὶν εἰς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον παραβαλεῖν ἠναγκάσθην δεινὰ πεπονθέναι] See De Halonneso, Introduction, p. 145. ... ὑμεῖς δ' . . . ἐπεσκήψασθε] ‘you, however, objected to none of these wrongs which the Peparethians inflicted on me, but to the punishment.' καὶ διδόντος] ' and though I offered to give up the island, the orators would not suffer you to accept it, but bade you take it back.' See De Halon. § 16, p. 149. τότε ἀποδῶ τῷ δήμῳ] After προκαλούμην we might have expected the optatives γνωσθείη, δοθείη, κριθείη, and ἀποδοίην, but the subjunctives may indicate that Philip was willing to abide by the same consequences of an arbitration, even then. τοὺς οὕτως . . . ἀσελγαίνοντας] * those who committed such gross outrages.' εἰς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον] Demosthenes αὐτὰς παραπέμψαι διὰ Χερρονήσου τῇ στρατιᾷ, τῶν μὲν 5 κληρούχων κατὰ τὸ Πολυκράτους δόγμα πολεμούντων ἡμῖν, ὑμῶν δὲ τοιαῦτα ψηφιζομένων, τοῦ δὲ στρατηγοῦ Βυζαντίους τε παρακαλοῦντος καὶ διαγγέλλοντος πρὸς ἅπαντας ὅτι πολεμεῖν αὐτῷ προστάττετε, ἂν καιρὸν λάβῃ. 18 τοιαῦτα δὲ πάσχων ὅμως τῆς πόλεως καὶ τῶν τριήρων καὶ 10 τῆς χώρας ἀπεσχόμην, ἱκανὸς ὢν τὰ πλεῖστα λαβεῖν ἢ πάντα, καὶ διατετέλεκα προκαλούμενος ὑμᾶς εἰς κρίσιν ἐλθεῖν ὑπὲρ ὧν αἰτιώμεθα ἀλλήλους. καίτοι σκοπεῖσθε πότερον κάλλιόν ἐστιν ὅπλοις ἢ λόγοις διακρίνεσθαι, καὶ πότερον αὐτοὺς εἶναι βραβευτὰς ἢ πεῖσαί τινας ἑτέρους· 15 19 καὶ λογίζεσθ ̓ ὡς ἄλογόν ἐστιν ̓Αθηναίους Θασίους μὲν καὶ Μαρωνείτας ἀναγκάσαι περὶ Στρύμης διακριθῆναι λόγοις, αὐτοὺς δὲ πρὸς ἐμὲ μὴ διαλύσασθαι περὶ ὧν ἀμφισβητοῦμεν τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον, ἄλλως τε καὶ γιγνώσκοντας ὅτι νικηθέντες μὲν οὐδὲν ἀποβαλεῖτε, κρατήσαντες δὲ 20 λήψεσθε τὰ νῦν ὑφ' ἡμῖν ὄντα. 20 Πάντων δέ μοι δοκεῖ παραλογώτατον εἶναι, διότι πέμ had for some time foreseen the designs of Philip against Byzantium (De Chers. §§ 14 and 18, pp. 178, 179; c. Phil. iii. § 45, p. 216), and in B.C. 340 he went as an envoy to that city, with the view of thwart ing them. His mission was so successful, that the Byzantians, and their neighbour. ing allies the Perinthians, entered into an alliance with Athens, to resist the Macedonians (De Cor. §§ 109, 110). Philip resented this so much, that he soon afterwards commenced the siege of Perinthus (Diod. xvi. 74), for which purpose he brought his fleet up through the Hellespont, escorting it with his army as here related in the letter. διὰ Χερρονήσου] This, if done without the permission of the Athenians, was a violation of their territory, and an additional cause for war. τὸ Πολυκράτους δόγμα] It appears from this that Polycrates was the author of the resolution by which the colonists were sent out. I am not aware of any further information on the subject. παρακαλοῦντος] This, as Jacobs observes, probably happened while Philip was besieging Perinthus, and of course it was before he attacked Byzantium. The Byzantines did send aid to the Perinthians. Diod. xvi. 74. τῆς πόλεως καὶ τῶν τριήρων] I agree with Mr. Kennedy in thinking that Ts πόλεως depends upon τριήρων, and that Philip is made to say, that he abstained from attacking the triremes of Athens, which were in the Hellespont, and her territory which was in the Chersonese, though he might have done both. In fact, this is the only interpretation which is adapted to τὰ πλεῖστα . . . ἢ πάντα. αὐτοὺς εἶναι βραβευτάς] ‘to be arbitrators yourselves.' It would seem from this that the writer thought their differences might be settled by mutual concessions and explanations. Μαρωνείτας] Maroneia and Stryme were neighbouring towns in Thrace, N.E. of Thasus, from which island Stryme was colonized. It appears from the text, however, that the men of Maroneia laid claim to Stryme; and that Athens, having influence in those quarters, compelled them to submit the dispute to arbitration. See adv. Polye. §§ 28, 29. διότι] for ὅτι, as Diodorus frequently |