him, representing only two families, the Himerometrida and the Antedonidæ, in the former the genera Oligometra, Stephanometra, Dichrometra and Heterometra, and in the latter Iridometra. All of these genera range throughout the East Indian region, and are characteristic littoral types of that area. The first crinoids known from the Red Sea were Tropiometra carinata and Heterometra savignii, both of which were well figured by Savigny in his "Description de l'Egypt" in 1817, the former identified by Audouin as "Comatula sp.," the latter as "Comatula multiradiata." There is no further reference to the first of these figures; but de Blainville in 1836 copied the second in the atlas to his "Manuel d'Actinologie"; in doing this he made a curious mistake, for the plate is lettered "Comatula adeona" though in the text the description of Comatula adeona is taken from Lamarck, and the species is stated to have ten In the following year the "Penny Encyclopedia" copied de Blainville's account of Comatula adeona, multiradiate figure. and all, and the same slip was made by the "Natural History" of Knight published in 1867. arms. Rüppel, in the course of his travels, found in the Red Sea an interesting multiradiate comatulid upon which he bestowed the MS. name of Comatula cucomelas, but he does not appear to have mentioned it anywhere in his works. In 1833 Leuckart came across his specimens in the Senckenburg Museum, and published the name, together with the locality, though without any diagnosis. In 1841 Professor Johannes Müller described his Alecto savignii, based upon specimens which had been brought from the Red Sea by Hempricht and Ehrenberg, and he also identified the Comatula multiradiata of Audouin, figured by Savigny, as this species. In 1869 von Martens recorded Müller's Alecto palmata, which had been originally described from India, from the Red Sea, though he apparently did not know that this was the same form as that recorded as Comatula leucomelas by Leuckart in 1833. Nothing more was recorded regarding Red Sea comatulids for some time; Moseley analyzed the coloring matter from an unidentified species from Suez (possibly Oligometra serripinna), and Ludwig in 1880 listed two of the species known from that locality, but omitted the third. Carpenter, in the "Challenger" report was unable to add anything, though he increased the known range of Heterometra savignii by recording it from Muscat and Kurrachee. In 1890 Dr. Hartlaub described Dichrometra klunzingeri from Koseir, and identified the Comatula leucomelas of Rüppel with the Alecto palmata of Professor Müller. Mr. Chadwick did not find Tropiometra carinata nor Dichrometra klunzingeri in the collection examined by him, but he did find the other two species known from the Red Sea, Heterometra savignii and Dichrometra palmata; the remaining four species recorded include one family and three genera new to the region; they are, Oligometra serripinna, Iridometra parvicirra, Stephanometra marginata and Dichrometra protectus. Oligometra serripinna is recorded from Suez Bay, where it was dredged at a depth of 10 fathoms; the specimens differ from the type in the greater number of cirrus joints, and, in view of the general constancy of the cirrus characters in this genus, may eventually turn out to be a recognizable form, as may also those recorded under the same name from Ceylon; correlated, as usual, with the more numerous cirrus joints, the lower pinnules have also more numerous joints. Iridometra parvicirra, discovered by the "Challenger" among the Philippine Islands, is recorded from ten fathoms in Suez Bay. The single specimen has a large number of cirrus joints for the genus, which, together with the furrowed first primibrach, would suggest that it was rather closer to the I. nana group of species than to I. parvicirra; the former occur from Mauritius to Japan, while the latter were previously known from the Philippines and Japan. We share the author's doubt in regard to his identification of Stephanometra marginata, which he records from Suez Bay, in ten fathoms. Dichrometra protectus (under the later name imparipinna) is given from Suez Bay, and Suakim. The number of arms in the specimens is unusually small, and it would have been well worth while to have recorded their size. In addition to the localities cited by Mr. Chadwick, the species is known from Cebu, Philippines, Fiji and Singapore. Dichrometra palmata was found on the coral reef at Misharif Island, Khor Dongola, and from between tide marks at Suez. Heterometra savignii (emended, following Carpenter, to savignyi) is recorded from four fathoms in Suez Bay, from nine fathoms at Ul Shubuk, from ten to twelve fathoms at Khor Shinab, and at the anchorage at Salaka; the distribution of the species is given as "Red Sea, Ceylon," but I am unable to recall any record from the latter place; Carpenter gives it from as far east as Kurrachee, and says that it "is not known to extend further eastwards," and I know of no subsequent additions to its range; Mr. Chadwick did not give it from Ceylon in his list of the crinoids of that island published in 1904. In the introductory paragraph Mr. Chadwick mentions the interesting fact that none of the Comasteridæ are known from the Red Sea. They probably occur there, however, and will eventually be discovered when more extended work is undertaken. The absence of any species of Zygometrida is noteworthy, and also that of Himerometra, one species of which, H. persica, was first described from the Persian Gulf and subsequently found in the Philippines. He also takes occasion to point out a weakness in Dr. F. A. Bather's argument for the treatment of a syzygial pair of brachials as two single brachials united by syzygy, instead of a single brachial "with a syzygy,' the treatment adopted by Carpenter and Hartlaub. Mr. Chadwick's contention is that if the two brachials united by syzygy were originally, as urged by Dr. Bather, united by the ordinary oblique muscular articulation of the distal portion of the arm, which oblique muscular articulation had been transformed into a syzygy at the same time dropping its pinnule, the pinnule upon the resultant epizygal would be upon the same side as that upon the joint preceding the hypozygal, instead of on the opposite side, as is always the case. Mr. Chadwick is inclined to believe that this is evidence in favor of the views of Hartlaub and Carpenter, and against the ideas of Dr. Bather. I maintain that the syzygial pair is the morphological equivalent, not of one joint, as urged by Carpenter (in part) and Hartlaub, nor of two joints as supposed by Dr. Bather and apparently considered by Professor Perrier, but of three joints, the central one of which has dwindled and disappeared, so that the oblique muscular articulations on its proximal and distal ends have become superposed, their ligaments, being dominant over their muscles, fusing and forming the radiating figure which is the original of the later more perfected syzygy, while the muscles, and with them the pinnule sockets (borne by the muscular fossa) have disappeared. Thus the syzygy originally, instead of having a single pinnule, as supposed by Dr. Bather, had two, which neutralized each other, so that the syzygy in its perfected form has no effect on the pinnulation. 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