Demens! nec Zephyros audis spirare secundos? Certa mori, varioque irarum fluctuat aestu. Non fugis hinc praeceps, dum praecipitare potestas? 565 Si te his attigerit terris Aurora morantem. Varium et mutabile semper 570 575 Ecce! iterum stimulat. Sequimur te, sancte deorum, Quisquis es, imperioque iterum paremus ovantes. 580 Idem omnes simul ardor habet: rapiuntque, ruuntque; Et jam prima novo spargebat lumine terras 585 present supineness.-564. Compare the two constructions certa mori, and certus eundi, verse 554, and see note on verse 110.-565. Praecipitare te. See A. 1, 234.-566. Trabibus = navibus.-569. Varium.... Femina. See Ecl. 3, 80. In such expressions, the attribute (varium) is applied to the subject (femina), as possessed by it in a high degree, when compared with all other existences. Femina mutabilis est,woman is changeable,' the predicate drawing no comparison. Mutabile est femina, woman, compared with other existences, is noted for changeableness." 572. Fatigat incitat, exercet. -576. Iterum, referring to the obedience before shewn, verse 288, &c. Sancte deorum, 'holy among the holy gods;' unless we join sancte deorum quisquis es.-581. Habet, inspires." like the Greek exs.-582. Deseruere, they have left-latet, is concealed. Classibus, a poetical exaggeration for navibus. = 6 584, 585, repeated 4. 9, 460: verse 585 is a favourite with Virgil; it occurs previously, G. 1, 448. The mythological allusion is to the mar riage of Aurora, the dawn-goddess, with Tithonus, son of Laomedon. -586. The sleepless queen at gray twilight looks forth from a watchtower, and sees the fleet making way from Carthage.-587. Aequatis velis and aequatae spirant aurae (4. 5, 844) explain each other. The Litoraque et vacuos sensit sine remige portus; 590 596 600 Ferte citi flammas, date tela, impellite remos. 610 metaphor is from an equipoised balance. Winds which impel the sails directly, winds 'right aft,' or blowing in exactly the right direction. -589. Pectus percussa, another instance of the accusative of limitation. See verse 558.-590. This soliloquy is full of the highest dramatic power. Ibit, compared with illuserit (verse 591), indicates his going as the result of a previous mocking, which is the more bitter, because he was an advena, and she was queen (regnis).—596. Facta impia; that is, 'Aeneas's desertion.'-597. Decuit tangere.-598. Quem, ejus quem. For the facts, see A. 2, 720, &c.-600. Abreptum, 'torn away from his companions.'-602. Following the example of Procne. See Ecl. 6, 79. -603. Fuerat. A supposed objection, put strongly in the indicative. See A. 2, 55. Fuisset. Dido grants the possibility of failure. Compare with this Macbeth, 1, 7, where Macbeth says: "If we fail' (fuerat); his wife answers: We fail!' (fuisset).-604. Castra; that is, castra nautica, 6 the vessels high and dry on the beach.'-606. Exstinxêm. See a similar contraction, A. 1, 201. Super insuper. With dedissem supply in flammas or ignes.--608. See verse 59.-609. Hecate. See verse 511. From the three offices of Diana, she was worshipped where three roads met (triviis). Ululata. See A. 3, 14, 690.-610. Dirae. See verse 469. Di ultores. Elissac. See verse 335.-611. Malis, sc. meis. Infandum caput, ac terris adnare necesse est, 615 Sed cadat ante diem, mediaque inhumatus arena. 620 Haec precor; hanc vocem extremam cum sanguine fundo. Tum vos, O Tyrii, stirpem et genus omne futurum Namque suam patria antiqua cinis ater habebat:- 625 630 635 613. Necesse est (ex fatis), or fatale est.-614. Hic, &c. This boundary is (all that is) fixed;' the rest is in your power.-615, &c. This imprecation prophesies the future wars of Aeneas in Italy (A. 7, 601, &c.), and his death, which, according to tradition (see Livy, 1, 2), took place in battle.-616, 617. During the absence of Aeneas while applying to Evander for assistance, Turnus attacked his camp, and slew many of his soldiers.-620. Ante diem, sc. fatalem, said of premature death. Three years after concluding a peace with the Latins, Aeneas, while fighting against the Tyrrhenians, perished in the Numicius, but his body was never found.-622, &c. This prophesies the deadly hate between the Romans and Carthaginians, in which there is (verses 625 and 627) a special reference to Hannibal.-625. Aliquis; an instance of the vocative of this word.-627. Olim, any time but the presentwhether past or future, to be judged from the context: here, future time. Sometimes, also, from its twofold force, it is nearly equivalent to our indefinite, at times.' See A. 5, 125. Quocunque. . vires, 'at whatever time means (shall) present themselves.'-629. Nepotesque. The last syllable elided before haec. 630. See verse 286.-633. Suam, sc. nutricem.-634. The position of the words here seems to demand cara mihi. Others construe siste with mihi.-635. Dic ut properet. Fluviali lympha. To be washed in pure flowing or springing water was a necessary preparation for a sacrifice. Et pecudes secum et monstrata piacula ducat. At trepida, et coeptis immanibus effera Dido, 640 645 650 655 Sed moriamur!' ait. 'Sic, sic juvat ire sub umbras. 660 636. Monstrata, sc. a sacerdote: cf. verse 498.-638. Jovi Stygio, equivalent to Stygio Orco, verse 699; regi Stygio, A. 6, 252 (so also Proserpine, A. 6, 138, is called Juno inferna). Pluto, the supreme god of the regions enclosed by the Styx. See A. 6, 295. 646. Rogos, described verse 504, &c.-649. Mente, in deep thought on her griefs.-650. Novissima verba; ave or vale. See A. 1, 219; 6, 231. 651. Bring dulces next to dum in the translation. 654. Magna imago, a natural transference of the greatness of the living to the doy of the dead. -661. Hauriat infers eager delight, as we say, to drink in with the eyes.'-662. Dardanus, adjective Dardanius (Aeneas). = 663. Her attendants arrive only to see her fall upon the ground. Lamentis, gemituque, et femineo ululatu Tecta fremunt: resonat magnis plangoribus aether: Tum Juno omnipotens, longum miserata dolorem, 670 675 680 685 690 667. Femineo the is unelided. 671. That is: per domos et templa. 672. Anna's distraction, when, hearing the wailing so characteristic of a nation from the East, she suspected, and then found the cause, is described with matchless power.-675. Hoc, referring to the present deed; illud, to her being sent away. Me, mihi, emphatic and full of reproach; me, who loved you so well.-679. Tulisset = abstulisset. 680. Alluding to her execution of Dido's commands, verse 494.681. See A. 2, 644.-682. Exstinxti. See verse 606. 683. In prose would be date lymphas, quibus abluam.-685. Ore legam, an affecting usage of the Romans. -686. Semyanimem, four syllables. Amplexa fovebat. See A. 1, 680.-689. Stridit, alluding to the blood issuing out with gurgling sound.-692. Reperta luce. Some read repertam. 693. Juno interferes instead of Proserpine, because she was Dido's tutelary goddess.-694. Iris, the personification of the rainbow, was the messenger of Juno, as Mercury (who performed similar offices to |