is much beyond our expectations. The nature of this Cause, and the Quarrel, what that was at the first, you. all very well know; I am persuaded most of you have been actors in it: It was the maintaining of the Liberty of these Nations; our Civil Liberties as Men, our Spiritual Liberties as Christians. [Have we arrived at that?] I shall not much look back; but rather say one word concerning the state and condition we are all now in.

You know very well, the first Declaration,* after the beginning of this War, that spake to the life, was a sense held forth by the Parliament, That for some succession of time designs had been laid to innovate upon the Civil Rights of the Nations, 'and' to innovate in matters of Religion. And those very persons, who, a man would have thought, should have had the least hand in meddling with Civil things, did justify them all. [Zealous sycophant Priests, Sibthorp, Manwaring, Montagu, of the Laud fraternity: forced-loans, monopolies, ship-moneys, all Civil Tyranny was right according to them!] All the 'Civil' transactions that were, 'they justified them' in their pulpits, presses, and otherwise! Which was verily thought, 'had they succeededin it,' would have been a very good shelter to them, to innovate upon us in matters of Religion also. And so to innovate as to eat out the core and power and heart and life of all Religion! By bringing on us a company of poisonous Popish Ceremonies [Somewhat. animated, your Highness!], and imposing them upon. those that were accounted "the Puritans" of the Na

*Declaration, 2d August 1642, went through the Lords House that day; it is in Parliamentary History, vi. 350. A thing of audacity reckoned almost impious at the time (see D'Ewes's Ms. Journal, 23d July); corresponds in purport to what is said of it here.

tion, and professors of religion among us, driving them to seek their bread in an howling wilderness! As was instanced to our friends who were forced to fly for Holland, New England, almost anywhither, to find Liberty for their Consciences.

Now if this thing hath been the state and sum of our Quarrel, and of those Ten Years of War wherein we were exercised; and if the good hand of God, for we are to attribute it to no other, hath brought this business thus home unto us as it is now settled in the Petition and Advice, I think we have all cause to bless God, and the Nations have all cause to bless Him. [If we were of thankful just heart, yea!]

*

I well remember I did a little touch upon the Eighty-fifth Psalm when I spake unto you in the beginning of this Parliament. Which expresseth well what we may say, as truly as it was said of old by the Penman of that Psalm! The first verse is an acknowledgment to God that He "had been favourable unto His land," and "brought back the captivity of His people;" and 'then' how that He had, "pardoned all their iniquities and covered all their sin, and taken away all His wrath;" and indeed of these unspeakable mercies, blessings, and deliverances out of captivity, pardoning of national sins and national iniquities. Pardoning, as God pardoneth the man whom He justifieth! He breaks through, and overlooks in iquity; and pardoneth because He will pardon. And sometimes God pardoneth Nations also! And if the enjoyment of our present Peace and other mercies may be witnesses for God 'to us,' we feel and we see

them every day.

* Antea, Speech VI. p. 209.

V

The greatest demonstration of His favour and love appears to us in this: That He hath given us Peace;

and the blessings of Peace, to wit, the enjoyment of our Liberties civil and spiritual! [Were not our prayers, and struggles, and deadly wrestlings, all even for this; and we in some measure have it!] And I remember well, the Church 'in that same Eighty-fifth Psalm' falls into prayer and into praises, great expectations of future mercies, and much thankfulness for the enjoyment of present mercies; and breaks into this expression: "Surely salvation is nigh unto them that fear Him; that glory may dwell in our land." In the beginning it is called His land; "Thou hast been favourable to Thy land." Truly I hope this is His land! In some sense it may be given out that it is God's land. And he that hath the weakest knowledge, and the worst memory, can easily tell that we are 'a Redeemed People," 'from the time' when God was first pleased to look favourably upon us, 'to redeem us' out of the hands of Popery, in that never to be forgotten Reformation, that most significant and greatest 'mercy' the Nation hath felt or tasted! I would but touch upon that, but a touch: How God hath redeemed us, as we stand this day! Not from trouble and sorrow and anger only, but into a blessed and happy estate and condition, comprehensive of all Interests, of every member, of every individual; 'an imparting to us' of those mercies 'there spoken of,' as you very well see!

And then in what sense it is our Land;" through this grace and favour of God, That He hath vouchsafed unto us and bestowed upon us, with the Gospel, Peace, and rest out of Ten Years War; and

given us what we would desire! Nay, who could have forethought, when we were plunged into the midst of our troubles, That ever the people of God should have had liberty to worship God without fear of enemies? [Strange: this "liberty" is to Oliver Cromwell a blessing almost too great for belief; to us it has become as common as the liberty to breathe atmospheric air, a liberty not once worth thinking of, It is the way with all attainments and conquests in this world. Do I think of Cadmus, or the old unknown Orientals, while I write with LETTERS? The world is built upon the mere dust of Heroes: once earnest-wrestling, death-defying, prodigal of their blood; who now sleep well, forgotten by all their heirs. Without fear of enemies," he says] Which is the very acknowledgment of the Promise of Christ that "He would deliver His from the fear of enemies, "that they might worship Him in holiness and in "righteousness all the days of their life."

66

This is the portion that God hath given us; and I trust we shall forever heartily acknowledge it! The Church goes on there, 'in that Psalm,' and makes her boast yet farther; "His salvation is nigh them that fear Him, that glory may dwell in our land." His glory; not carnal, nor anything related thereto: this glory of a Free Possessoin of the Gospel; this is that which we may glory in! [Beautiful, thou noble soul! And very strange to see such things in the Journals of the English House of Commons. O Heavens, into what oblivion of the Highest have stupid, canting, cotton-spinning, partridge-shooting mortals fallen, since that January 1658!] And it is said farther, "Mercy and Truth are met to"gether; Righteousness and Peace have kissed each "other." And 'note,' it shall be such righteousness as

comes down from Heaven: "Truth shall grow out of the Earth, and Righteousness shall come down from Heaven." Here is the Truth of all 'truths;' here is the righteousness of God, under the notion of righteousness confirming our abilities, answerable to the truth which He hath in the Gospel revealed to us! [According to Calvin and Paul.] And the Psalm closeth with this: "Righteousness shall go before Him, and shall set us in the way of His steps;" that righteousness, that mercy, that love and that kindness which we have seen, and been made partakers of from the Lord, it shall be our Guide, to teach us to know the right and the good way; which is, To tread in the steps of mercy, righteousness and goodness that our God hath walked before us in.

We 'too' have a Peace this day! I believe in my very heart, you all think the things that I speak to you this day. I am sure you have cause.

And yet we are not without the murmurings of many people, who turn all this grace and goodness into wormwood; who indeed are disappointed by the works of God. And those men are of several ranks and conditions; great ones, lesser ones, of all sorts. Men that are of the Episcopal spirit, with all the branches, the root and the branches; who gave themselves a fatal blow in this Place,* when they would needs make a "Protesta"tion that no Laws were good, which were made by "this House and the House of Commons in their ab"sence;" and so without injury to others cut themselves off! Men of an Episcopal spirit:' indeed men

* In this same House of Lords, on the 10th of December 1641. Busy Williams the Lincoln Decoy-duck, with his Eleven too-hasty Bishops, leading the way in that suicide. (Antea, vol. i. pp. 95, 96).