Faith as a test of Christianity, 473; noble conception of the Christian Church, ib.; disgraceful criticisms of the work, 474 'Ecclesia,' perverted definition of the Scriptural word, cxx. 380, 381 Ecclesiastical Commission, unwise policy of the Act of 1860, cxvii. 372; amount of their augmentation of vicarages, 377 Ecclesiastical Courts, change made at the Reformation, cxxi. 152; jurisdiction of the Privy Council, 153, 154; recent clerical pretensions, 155-158; Act of Henry VIII. for restraining Appeals, 162, 163; functions vested on Convocation therein, ib.; the Court of Delegates, 165; the High Commission Court, 166; creation of Judicial Committee, 170, 171 (see Privy Council); evils of a tribunal wholly clerical or judicial, 180. See Blomfield, Bishop Eckardt (Dr. J.), his works on Russia and the Baltic Provinces, cxxxii. 46
Ecuador, Republic of, Mr. Spruce's mission to, in search of Chinchona seeds, cxviii. 515; tardy prohibitions of the Government, 516 Edda, the older, beauty of its composition, cxiv. 430 Eddas, the two, cxl. 256
Edgar (King, d. 975), his local appropriation of tithes, exvii. 361 Edgeworth (R. L., 1744-1817), his enlightened education of his daughter Maria, cxxvi.
Byron's description of him, ib.; his character, 460; death of his first wife, 461; marries Honora Sneyd, ib; her death, 465; marries her sister Elizabeth, 466; her death, 474; his fourth marriage, ib.; anecdote in the Monthly Review,' 475; his 'Practical Education,' ib., 476; ordered to quit Paris, 480; his death, 484; bitter
article on, in the Quarterly Review, ib.
Edgeworth (Maria, 1767-1849), Memoir of, by Mrs. Edgeworth, edited by her children, cxxvi. 458; interest of her writings, ib.; Scott's testimony to her influence on him, ib.; her intimate sympathies with her father, 459; her descent, 460; her childhood, 461; at school, 464; school-life at Mrs. Davis's, 467; removes to Edgeworthtown, Ireland, 468; translates 'Adèle et Théodore,' 470; her early Tales, 471; her sober and rational view of love, 473; her share in her father's 'Practical Education,' 476; her subsequent works, ib., 477; her visit to Paris, 478; declines M. Edelcrantz's offer of marriage, 479; her 'Popular Tales,' 'Leonora,' etc., 480; history of her 'Patronage,' 482; her friends in London, 483; her father's death, 484; sketches of Paris life, 485; her fashionable life in London, 488; her literary works not very profitable, 490; her rules of education too exacting, 491; her daily habits, ib.; her death, ib.; her literary character, 492; called the anti-sentimental novelist, ib.; criticism of her Patronage, 494; poorness of her comic dramas, 497
protest and reply as to use of her unpublished Memoir,cxxvii. 300 note Edgworth (the Abbé, de Firmont), his Dernières Heures de Louis XVI.,' cxviii. 135; doubts as to its genuineness, 136; cxix. 338 Edinburgh, traditional residence of the French Ambassador in the Cowgate, cxviii. 251
University of, the 'Speculative Society,' cxxv. 60, 61
libraries at, cxxxi. 214 social aspect of, at the be-
ginning of the present century, cxxxv. 402; Sir J. Stoddart's ac- count of, 404; transition from French to English models, ib.; intellectual celebrities, 405; Tory politics then dominant, 406 Edinburgh, modern changes in, cxl.263 Edinburgh Review, the, Sir G. C. Lewis' editorship of, cxviii. 156; his contributions, 164 Edinburgh Review, the, its first establishment, exxix. 577; Lord Brougham's articles in the first number, 578; early payment of contributors, ib.; articles by Jeffrey, Smith, and Horner, ib.
its suggestions of Admiralty reform (vol. cxiii. 293-297), car- ried out, cxxxiii. 131, 132
works or lives of contributors not criticised by, during their life- time, cxxxv. 344; origin of, 504; Lord Brougham's account of its early history, ib., 505
attacks by the two Mills on, cxxxix. 107; its Whig principles of aristocracy vindicated, 108 Edmonds (John Worth, American judge), his book on Spiritualism, cxxii. 565; his alleged visions, 598; his nervous mental condi- tion, 601
Education, influence of, in promoting emigration, cxix. 282
Mr. Lowe's revised code of, in 1863, cxx. 587
viewed as a stepping stone to professions, cxxx. 595
popular, in England, cxi. 348; Report of the Committee of Council, 1858-9, ib.; their calcu- lation of children requiring educa- tion, ib.; excessive estimate of the demand for, 351; distribution of expenses, ib., question of pupil- teachers, ib.; readjustment of capi- tation grants, 352; superfluous items of expenditure, 353; cost of separate inspection, ib.; Mr.
Arnold's Report on the British and Foreign Society, 354; need of retrenchment, ib.; want of tech- nical instruction, 355; prospects of the Royal Commission, ib.; no need for legislation, ib.
cxiv. 1; the Royal Commis- sion on, 2; Parliamentary grants since 1839, 4; number of the un- taught understated by the Commis- sioners, 5; their classification of ex- isting defects, 6; over-interference of State, 10; benefits of training colleges for teachers, 12; cost of pupil-teachers, 14; neglect of pri- mary education, 17; misuse of Bible-teaching, 21; popular in- struction pitched too high, 23; evils of State patronage, 28; the capitation grant, ib.; wasteful ad- ministration of funds, 31; private liberality of clergy, 33; control of educational endowments, 34; new Minute of the Committee remedy- ing evils above complained of, note to p. 588 Education, Committee of Council on, due to accident rather than de- sign, cxiv. 7; its nominal connex- ion with the Privy Council, 8; its bureaucratic character, 9
liberal, in England, essays on, cxxvii. 131; high authority of the essayists, 132; predominance of classics, 133 (see Public Schools); narrowness of highest class education, 144; reforms sug- gested by the essayists, 163
technical and scientific, defec- tive state of, in England, cxxvii. 433; want of national inventive- ness, 435; shown in textile fabrics at the Paris Exhibition of 1867, 436; in machinery, 437; and in hosiery, 439; evidence of Mr. James Young as to practical che- mistry, 440; foreign steel castings at Bochum, 442; at Terre Noire and Firminy, 443; technical
schools at Paris, ib.; at Lyons, 447; and at Mulhouse, 448; im- provements throughout France, 449; resources of French iron and steel works, 450; the works at Creuzot, ib.; and Terre Noire, 453; Krupp's steel works at Essen, ib.; secondary instruction in France and England, ib. ; in Germany and Switzerland, 455; and in Austria, 456; Belgian models at Paris, 458; want of tui- tion in England, 459; efforts of the Science and Art Department, 460; provincial boards of educa- tion, 461; evidence of Mr. Sales, 462; reports of artisans sent to Paris, 463; want of, at the Uni- versities and public schools, ib. 465; the London School of Mines, 466; provincial colleges, 467; recent Committee on Education at Manchester, ib.; legislative re- forms suggested, 468
Education Act (1870), results of, cxxxix. 213; its effect on parties, 214; reports of School Boards, ib.; questions suggested thereby, ib.; advisability of legislation in 1870 discussed, 215; the Union and the League, ib.; counsels of inaction, ib.; the old system, 216; defects therein, ib., 217; convic- tions expressed in the Act, 218; its character as a compromise, b.; Mr. Gladstone's statement of its object, ib.; Mr. Bright's criticism, b.; the Cowper-Temple clause, 219; firm attitude of Mr. Forster, 220; the work to be done, ib.; present population under School Boards, 221; the system still de- fective, ib.; achievements of volun- tary agency, 222; case of London and the chief towns, ib., 223; machinery of the Act, ib.; inevi- table drawbacks, 224; the Boards have worked well on the whole, 225; expense of their work, 226;
the rate, ib.; effects of the new system on the old, ib.; the two not incompatible, 227; position of voluntary schools, 288; duty of the Church of England, 229; increase of Church schools, ib.; attacks on the 25th clause, 230; prospects of agreement thereon, 231; question of parental scruples, ib.; attitude of School Boards to the voluntary schools, 232; duty of impartiality, ib., 233; charges of unfairness against the London Board, ib.; Lord Salisbury's attack thereon, 236; the issue one of principle, 237; question of school- accommodation, ib.; calculations of the Statistical Committee, 238; working of compulsory powers, 239; Mr. Forster's anticipations realised, ib.; inability of the really poor to dispense with their children's earnings, 241; general effects of, on Education, 242; the religious element, 243; the Con- science Clause, ib.; evils which secularism would bring, 245; the Act has proved its necessity, 246 Edward the Confessor (d. 1066), anonymous Life of, edited by Mr. Luard, cxxi. 11, 12
Edward I. (1272-1307), his reign a boundary-mark in English his- tory, cxii. 151; his attempt to subjugate Scotland, 503
his progress in Scotland in 1296, cxx. 322; list of Scottish barons who swore fealty to him, 327
his claims of sovereignty over Scotland, cxxvi. 243; his Or- dinance for the Government of Scotland, 250
his siege of Carlaverock, cxl. 322; his policy respecting Convo- cation, 431
Edward III. (1312-1377), portrait of, formerly in St. Stephen's Chapel, cxxiv. 350
Life and Times of, by Mr.
Longman, cxxix. 534; difficulties of, at his accession, 537; incident in his campaign of 1327 paral- leled, ib.; his discountenance of Balliol, 539; his triumphs in France, ib.; claims to the French throne, 540; causes of the war with Philip, 541; his prepara- tions, 543; his naval victory off Sluys, 544; Crecy and Poitiers, 545; story of St. Pierre, 546; folly of his French invasion, 547 ; increased power of Parliament, 548; his claims to commercial re- form, ib.; his unsuccessful attempts to check the rise of wages, 551; sumptuary legislation, ib; aboli- tion of Peter's Pence, 552; Mr. Longman's estimate of his cha- racter, 554
Edward IV. (1441-1483), division of parties after his death, cxv. 304; anecdote of, 310
ceremony at his funeral, cxxi.
- portrait of, at Windsor Castle, cxxiv. 350; supposed to be genuine, ib.
Edward VI. (1537-1553), his reign
a period of transition, cxix. 244; debasement of the currency, 245; disturbances mainly social, 246; and not due to Protestantism, 247; his government compara- tively humane and liberal, 252; unsettlement of the succession at his death, ib.
Holbein's portrait of, cxxv. 436; picture of, wrongly ascribed to Holbein, 438
legislation respecting Convo- cation, cxl. 436 Edward (Prince, Duke of Kent, 1767-1820), his marriage and death, cxxxvi. 383 Edward (Rev. R.), his Latin ac- count of Angus, cxx. 310; on the effect of the Reformation at Dun-
dee, 328; on Highland raids in Angus, 332
Edwards (Mr. E.), his 'Memoirs of Libraries,' cxxxix. 1, 2
Edwards (H. S.), his Life of Rossini, cxxxiii. 33 (see Rossini); his work of little value, 34 Edwards (Mr. W.), magistrate of Budaonin Rohilcund during the Mutiny, cxxiv. 323; his allega- tion of native grievances not sub- stantiated, ib., 324
Egbert (King of Wessex, d. 836), his claims of sovereignty, cxxx. 205
Églé, her imprisonment and execu- tion, cxxv. 315
Egra, capture of, by Marshal Saxe, cxx. 525
Egypt, conquest of, by the Shep- herd Kings,' cxi. 54
anchoritism in, cxiv. 328 meagre prospects of cotton cultivation in, cxv. 480
Chevalier Bunsen on the early history of, cxvi. 82; recent sources of historical knowledge, 85; ancient astronomy in, 97; pe- riods of dynasties in, 100; inter- pretation of hieroglyphics, 103
article on, in the Dictionary of the Bible, cxxi. 65
ignorance of, early in the present century, cxxii. 217; recent tourist travel in, ib.; historical sketch of, 218; rule of Mohammed Ali, 220; present debasement of the people, 221; their good quali- ties, ib.; forced labour, 222; the Mahmoodeeyeh Canal, 223; native revolts, ib.-225; want of European sympathy with the people, 227
French expedition to, cxxvi. 321; objects of the invasion stated by the Directory, 322; cruel cha- racter of the occupation, 324
Convention with Turkey in 1840, cxxxiii. 334
Egypt (ancient), canons of sculptu- ral proportion in, cxl. 188, 189 Einsiedeln, visit of a pilgrim from, to Rome, cxviii. 359; his anony- mous description of the city, ib.- 363. See Rome, Mediaval
Abbey of, night attack on, in 1314, cxxix. 141, 142 Elam (Dr.), his credulity as to here- ditary influences in A Physician's Problems,' cxxxii. 105, 109; on the isolation of genius, 123 Elands, acclimatisation of, in Eng- land, cxi. 167; good quality of their venison, 169 Elbruz (Mount), ascent of, by Mr. Freshfield, cxxx. 350; previous failures, 351 and note Elcho (Lord, the present), his atti- tude in 1865 on electoral reform, cxxiii. 284; his proposal of a com- mission of inquiry thereon, 294
his letters on military or- ganisation reprinted from the 'Times,' cxxxiii. 207; his broad principles of defensive policy, 228 Eldon (John Scott, Earl of, 1751-
1838), Landor's lines on, cxxx. 235 Eleanor of Guienne (Queen of Henry
II.), legends of, cxxx. 567 Election, the, of 1868-Conservative calculations defeated, cxxix. 269; majority for Mr. Gladstone, 270; causes of Mr. Disraeli's overthrow, ib.; Conservatism in the manufac- turing districts, ib.; the Irish and working-class elements, 271; can- didates of extreme opinions re- jected, 289
of 1874-causes of the fall of Mr. Gladstone's administration, cxxxix. 546, 560; absence of Tory pledges or policy, 566 Electoral statistics, cxxiii. 588. See Franchise
Electoral system, want of increased
publicity, cxxxi. 564; failure of legislation to repress political im- morality, 566
problems in, awaiting solu- tion, exxxiii. 163; elementary ignorance of its nature, ib.; is it a material agent? ib.; questions raised by its universality, 164; theory of its connexion with gra- vitation, ib.; hypothesis of an Ether of Space, ib.
Electricity, valuable aid of, in medi- cal science, cxxxvi. 510 Electric lights, applied to light- houses, cxv. 180
Electric telegraphs, influence of earth-currents, exiii. 115; requi- sites of ocean cables, 116; the rate of signalling, 117; gutta percha as an insulating covering, 119; defects caused by air-bub- bles, ib.; process of paying out marine cables, 123; the first wire between England and France, 124; the Black Sea telegraph, 126; the first Atlantic telegraph, 127–132; causes of its failure, 133; Govern- ment guarantees to companies, 134-142; causes of injury in shal- low water, 135; the Channel Is- lands line, ib.; the Red Sea and India telegraph, 137; the commit- tee on deep-sea telegraphy, 139
rapid spread of, in India,
services of, in the Indian Mutiny, cxix. 134
marvels of the discovery, cxx. 488, 489
recent purchase of, by Go- vernment, cxxix. 154; achieve- ments of private companies, ib.; their conflict with public interests, 155; the principle of State pur- chase approved, ib.; extravagant cost of transfer provided by the recent Act, ib.; agitation for re- duced charges, ib.; State inter- vention abroad, 156; Mr. Scuda-
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