in York County, 2 miles n. of the Maryland line. It contains a Roman Catholic church, and about 18 houses. It is 22 miles s. w. of York Town, 33 n. of Baltimore, and 90 w. by s. of Philadelphia. Lat. 39° 42′ 30′′n. Long. 77° 6' w.]

[PETERSBURG, a small town of Kentucky; situate in Woodford County, on the e. side of Kentucky River, 13 miles w. s. w. of Lexington, and 10 s. s. e. of Frankfort. It has a tobacco warehouse, and a few dwelling-houses.

[PETERSBURG, a post town of Virginia, and a place of considerable trade; situate in Dinwiddie County, on the s. e. bank of Appamatox River, just below the falls, about 20 miles s. of Richmond. It contains about 300 houses, built irregularly. The Free Mason's hall is a handsome building; there are several tobacco warehouses, stores of dry goods, and some few neat and commodious dwelling-houses. This town is a corporation, and comprehends the village of Blanford in Prince George's County, and Powhatan in Chesterfield county, on the opposite side of the river. It Contains 2828 inhabitants, including 1265 slaves. The situation of the town is low and rather unhealthy. From the inspector's books it appears that on an average, for some years back, the quantity of tobacco received here has considerably exceeded 20,000 hhds. per annum ; and that for some of the later years the quantity of flour made in this town, and within an hundred yards of it, has exceeded 38,000 barrels ; at other mills within a few miles, 16,000 barrels per annum; to this add the flour made at the several country mills, and brought to this place for sale, the whole quantity may safely be stated to exceed 60,000 barrels per annum. The whole exports of this town, valued at the usual peace prices, amount to 1,389,300 dollars, besides the value of peach and apple brandy, whiskey, &c. not included. The Indian princess, Pocahontas, the daughter of king Powhatan, from whom descended the Randolph and Bowling families, formerly resided at this place. It is 68 miles w. by n. of Norfolk, 108 s. of Washington, and 205 by s. of Philadelphia. Lat. 37° 14'n. Long. 77° 41' 30" .]

3. w.

[PETERSBURG, a very flourishing post town of Georgia, in Elbert County, in a pleasant and healthful situation, on the point of land formed by the confluence of Broad with Savannah River opposite to Vienna. Several respectable merchants are settled in this town. It is 20 miles from Elberton, 25 n. by e. of Washington, 41 above Augusta, and 62 n. n. e. of Louisville. Lat. 33° 54′ n. Long. 82° 22' w.]

[PETERSHAM, a flourishing and pleasant

township in Worcester County, Massachusetts, formerly called by the Indians Nichewaug; situate 23 miles n. w. of Worcester, and 54 w. of Boston. Swift River, a branch of Chickopee River, passes though this town. The soil is rich and fertile, and here are large and excellent orchards.]

PETIGUARES,a barbarous nation of Indians of the kingdom of Brazil, to the w. of the captainship of Paraiba; bounded w. by the Figuares. These infidels have been irreconcileable enemies to the Portuguese since the year 1584, when great hostilities prevailed between either.

PETIT, a river of the province and colony of Virginia, which runs e. and is one of those issuing from the Pamunkey.

[PETIT ANSE, a village on the n. side of the island of St. Domingo, 2 leagues s. of Cape François.]

[PETIT CODIAK, a river which falls into anarm of the Bay of Fundy, called Chegnecto Channel. The Indians have a communication from the head of it with St. John's River, by a portage across to the head of Kennebecsius.]

PETITE, a river of S. Carolina, which rises in the limits of Grenville territory, runs s. e. for many leagues, between those of Pedi Great and Little, and unites itself with the second to enter the former.

PETITE, another river, of N. Carolina, which runs n. and enters the Conhaway.

PETITE, another, of Canada, which runs n. and enters the sea in Hudson's Bay, at the entrance of the mouth of the river Albany.

PETITE, another, of the province and country of Iroquees Indians in N. America, which runs e. in the territory of the Autaouacs, and enters the river of the Otaways near the island of Montreal.

[PETIT GOAFRE, or the LITTE WHIRLPOOL, in Mississippi River; is 16 miles from Fort Rosalie, and four miles from Bayouk Pierre, or Stony River.]

PETIT GUAVES, or GoAVE, a jurisdiction, town, and bay, on the n. coast of the s. peninsula of the island of St. Domingo, and near the head of the bay or bite of Leogane. The jurisdiction contains five parishes, and is the unhealthiest place in the colony, the inhabitants being constantly subject to fevers, occasioned by the badness of the waters. Its dependencies, however, are healthy, and are remarkable for the culture of coffee. Its exports from January 1, 1789, to December 31,of the same year, were 27,090 lbs. ; white sugar-655,187 lbs.; brown sugar-807,865 lbs.; coffee-50,053 lbs.; cotton; and 210 lbs. indigo. The value on duties on exportation of

the above, was 4127 dollars 97 cents. The town lies on the e. side of the bay, 7 miles w. of Grand Guave, and 36 w. by s. of Port au Prince. Lat. 18° 23′ n. Long. 72° 54' w. Some writers call the great bay, which is commonly called the Bay, Bight, or Bite of Leogane, by the name of Petit Guaves.]

[PETIT Port, on the w. side of Newfoundland Island, towards the s. end; is about 5 leagues n. of Cape Ray, and one s. of Anguille Cape. Lat. 47° 51' 30". Long. 59° 15' w.]

[PETIT Port, on the coast of Peru, otherwise called Portete, or Little Port, lies a short way n. of the equator, and about five leagues to the s. e. within the bay from the Cape François to Cape Passado on the s. by w. There is anchorage in five fathoms, and plenty of fresh water near the head land, which is high. It is necessary to sound, on account of the sand banks, called the Portetes.]

[PETIT Rivere, a small town in the French part of the island of St. Domingo, close to the Spanish division line, 14 leagues n. by n. w. of Varettes, and separated from it by Artibonite; 10 leagues e. by n. of St. Marc, and as far n. w. of Mirebalais. Lat. 19° 8' n. Long. 72° 15' w.]

[PETIT Terre Island, near the Deseada, in the W. Indies. Lat. 16° 12' n. Long. 61° 10' w.]

[PETIT Trou, is on the n. side of the s. peninsula of the island of St. Domingo, on the point of land which forms the e. side of the entrance into the Bay of Baradaires; 4 leagues w. of Anse a Veau, and 19 e. of Jeremie.]

[PETIT Trou, a small cove on the s. side of the island of St. Domingo, s. by w. of the mouth of Neybe River, and about five leagues n. e. of Beate Island. Small barks come to this place from St. Domingo city, to fetch the meat, lard, and fowls derived from the chase.]

PETLACALA, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Olinalá and alcaldía mayor of Tlapa in Nueva España. It contains 56 families of Indians, and is three leagues n. e. of its head settlement.

PETLALCALZINCO, a settlement of the same alcaldía mayor and kingdom as the former. It contains 33 families of Indians.

PETLAPA, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Testalzinco and alcaldía mayor of Villalta in Nueva España. It is of an hot temperature; contains 84 Indian families, and is nine leagues n. of the capital.

PETLASTAHUACA, SAN FRANCISCO DE, a principal and head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Tepezcolula in Nueva

VOL. IV.

España. It contains 184 families of Indians, with those of the wards of its district, who are employed in the cultivation of maize and wheat, in which it is very fertile.

PETLAZIŃCO, a settlement of the head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Tlapa in Nueva España. It contains 17 families of Indians, and is three leagues w. of that head settlement.

PETOBAMBA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Porco in Peru.

PETORCA, a town of the province and corregimiento of Quillota in the kingdom of Chile, and the asiento of the celebrated gold mines of this name. In its district are many palms growing on the slope of the mountains which are very lofty and dry; and in those alone to the w. are found small cocoa trees. When the stock of these trees are cut, liquor is distilled, which, being purified by the fire, comes to the consistency of honey, and is very well tasted. In the vicinity of this town breed merino sheep, from the wool of which, the same being very large and fine, are made excellent saddles for riding, which are much esteemed in Peru, being a branch of the commerce of this place.

PETORCA, the mine mentioned in the above article, one of the richest and most abundant of all those discovered in this kingdom, it having produced immense riches. It is now much neglected, the metal having been discovered to be much allayed with silver, and the labour of working it being most expensive; e. of the city of Santiago, the capital of the kingdom.

[PETTQUOTTING, a river of the N. W. Territory, which empties into Lake Erie, from the s. near Huron River.]

PEVAS, a barbarous nation of Indians, who inhabit the woods n. of the river of Las Amazonas, near the river Cuchiquina. These infidels are numerous, and are divided into various tribes; bounded e. by the Ticunas, and w. by the Mayorunas. Some of these were reduced to the faith by the Jesuits, the missionaries in the province of Mainas, and who founded the settlement of San Ignacio de Pevas, 41 miles e. of the mouth of the river Napo, on the n. shore of the Marañon, or Amazon River, in lat. 3° 28' s.

PEVINGUÉS, a barbarous, ferocious, and untamed nation of Indians, of the kingdom of Chile, in the s. part, towards the mountains of the Andes, and who occupy the fertile and beautiful country of Tapatapa. It is very fertile in grain and cattle. These Indians are at continual war with the Pulches.

[PEYTONSBURG, the chief town of Halifax County, Virginia, having a court-house and five or six other houses, three of which are ordinaries or taverns.]

PEZ, a river of the province and captainship of San Vincente in Brazil, which runs s. s. w. and enters the Teviquari.

PEZUAPA, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Tetela and alcaldía mayor of Azuchitlan in Nueva España; situate on the margin of the river of Los Balzas. Near its head passes another stream, which is so abundant in the rainy season as to inundate all the circumjacent country; and it is found necessary to pass it en taravita. It contains 40 families of Indians and nine of Mustees, who trade in breeding the large cattle, and by cultivating seeds and fruits in the many gardens in its district; 12 leagues s. e. of its head settlement.

PEZUL, a settlement of the province and government of Paraguay, on the shore of the river Paraná, s. of the town of Curuguato.

PEZULAPA, a settlement of the province and alcaldía mayor of San Salvador in the kingdom of Guatemala.

PEZULAPILLA, a settlement of the same province and kingdom as the former.

PHILADELPHIA, a county of the province and colony of Pennsylvania in N. America, bounded n. e. by the county of Bucks, s. e. by Jersey, s. w. by Chester, and n. w. by Berks. It takes the name of the capital of the whole province.

It contains about 89,600 acres, and is divided into 12 townships. On the banks of Schuilkill, in this county, is an excellent quarry of marble, from which the stone-cutters of Philadelphia are supplied. It contains, besides Philadelphia, its capital, upwards of 15,000 inhabitants, of whom 180 are slaves.

Pennsylvania, the capital of the above province, is situate most delightfully, stretching along a strip of land upon the conflux of the two rivers Delaware and Schuilkill; it is of an oblong figure, extending two miles from river to river, and form ing eight short streets, which are intersected at right angles by about sixteen others of a mile and a half each; wide, spacious and level, and leaving sufficient space for the public buildings, churches, and market places. In the centre is a large public place in the figure of a decagon. The two principal streets, called High Street and Wide Street, are 100 feet across; the greater part of the houses, gardens, and orchards, are irrigated by small canals running from the river and supplying to the use and necessities of the town, as also to the delight and recreation of its inhabitants.

The dock is beautiful and 100 feet large, and of such depth as to be capable of receiving to repair a vessel of 500 tons burden. The store-houses are numerous, capacious, and convenient, and the dock so large that 20 vessels have been built in it at once. The city, without including the storehouses and the suburbs, contains 3000 houses, the greater part of brick, and all well built and of large size, the same containing 18,000 souls. The primitive plan of its foundation is not complete; but according to that which was laid down, and which has been regularly followed up, it promises to become in time one of the finest cities in America. It is inhabited by many very rich merchants, who have become domiciliated here, through the flourishing commerce that it has, for many years, carried on with the colonies of the English, French, Spanish, and Dutch, with the islands of the Azores, Canaries, with those of Madeira, and with England, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, and Holland, making immense profits. Not to mention the abundant quantity of all sorts of provisions which this province produces, and which are carried by the rivers Delaware and Schuilkill; the Dutch employ from eight to 9000 carts, each drawn by four horses, for transporting the productions of their estates to the Philadelphia market. There entered in its port, in 1749, no less than 303 vessels, and the number that left it was about 290.

Here are two churches of the reformed religion, one Catholic chapel, another of Swedes; three Quakers meetings, two of Presbyterians, one of Lutherans, another of Dutch Calvinists, another of Anabaptists, and another of Moravians. The most sumptuous building in the whole town is the house of representatives of the colony, where the members meet frequently in the course of the year; and on the side of this stands the great library which was built in 1732 by the celebrated Benjamin Franklin, the same being open to the public only on Sundays, but to the founders every day in the week. Any one may take out the books, paying something for the use of them, and being under an engagement to return them at a fixed time, with the which should any person not comply, he is forced to pay a fine which goes to the increasing the collection of books: many instruments for mathematics and physics have been lately added, as also a fine cabinet of natural history. Near this library is another of Greek and Latin classics, with their most accredited commentations; also of the best productions in the modern languages, the same having been bequeathed as a legacy by the learned citizen Logan in 1752. It has a college where all the sciences are studied, the same having been established.

in the year 1749, by the said illustrious founder, as was the library, the same being also an academy of sciences. In addition to what we have said, this city has been rendered celebrated, from the congress that was established here, in 1774, of the three American colonies which formed a body to separate themselves from the dominion of England; which separation was decreed in

1776.

[Philadelphia, the metropolis of Pennsylvania, was the seat of the government of the United States, until this was removed to Washington in Maryland. It is situate in the county to which it gives name, on the w. bank of the river Delaware, which is here a mile broad. It lies in lat. 39° 56′ 54′′ n. and long. 75° 10′ 30′′ w. from Greenwich, distant about 120 miles from the Atlantic Ocean, by the course of the bay and river, and about 40 or 46 in the s. c. direction. A 74 gun ship can come up to this city; sloops go 35 miles farther to Trenton; and boats that carry eight or nine tons can go 100 mile farther up the Delaware. It was laid out by William Penn, the first proprietary and founder of the province, in the year 1683, and settled by a colony from England, which arrived from that and the preceding years, and was increased by a constant and regular influx of foreigners, to so great a degree, that in less than a century, and within the lifetime of the first person born within it of European parents, it was computed to contain 6000 houses, and 40,000 inhabitants, in the city and suburbs. The ground-plot of the city is an oblong square, about one mile n. and s. and two e. and w. lying in the narrowest part of the isthmus betwen the Delaware and Schuilkill Rivers, about five miles in a right line above their confluence. In the beginning of this settlement, it was expected that the fronts on both rivers would be first improved for the convenience of trade and navigation, and that the buildings would extend gradually in the rear of each, until they would meet and form one town, extending from e. to w. But it was soon found that the Delaware front was alone sufficient for quays and landing-places.

The buildings now occupy a space not exceeding three miles in length from n. to s. and in the most extended part do not reach a mile from the Delaware. The city is intersected by a great number of streets, crossing each other at right angles. Of these there were originally nine, which extended from the Delaware to the Schuilkill; these were crossed by 23 running n. and s. The e. and w. streets, except High Street, are named after the trees first found by the colony

&c.

on their arrival in the country, viz. Vine, Sassafras, Mulberry, Chesnut, Walnut, Spruce, Pine, and Cedar; which last is the s. boundary of the city. The streets running n. and s. receive their names from their numerical order, beginning at Delaware River; Front is first, then Second, and so on to Thirteenth Street, whence the numerical order ceases from Delaware Front, and begins at Schuilkill in the same order, as First, Second, &c. to the Eighth Street, between which and Thirteenth Street, is Broad Street, so named from its being the widest in the city. The number of squares in the original plan was 184; but as several of the squares have lately been intersected by new streets, their number now amounts to 304; and several of these are again intersected by lanes and alleys. Broad Street is 113 feet wide; High Street 100; Mulberry, 60; and the other streets in the original plan 50 feet wide. Most of the city is well paved with neat foot-paths of brick, furnished with common sewers and gutters; so that the streets are, in general, kept very clean and neat. Besides the streets already mentioned, there are several others not laid down in the original plan, as Water, Dock, Cherry, Penn, Prune, Water Street is only 20 feet wide, and extends from the n. liberties across the dock, to Pine Street, parallel to the course of the Delaware, and between it and Front Street. The space occupied by it was intended in the original plan to serve only as a cart-way to accommodate the wharfs and stores, so that the river should be open to the view from Front Street. It is now built with lofty houses (except a very few vacancies here and there) throughout the whole front, and commodious wharfs are extended into the river, at which the largest ships that use the port can lie in safety, to receive and discharge their cargoes; and are defended from the ice, in winter, by the piers, made of logs, extending into the river, sunk with stone, and filled with earth, so as to be equally firm with the main land. Dock Street was formerly a swamp, with a small stream running through the middle of it. It is from 90 to 100 feet wide, and winds n. w. in a serpentine track, through several streets. It is planted on each side with a row of Lombardy poplars, and promises to be one of the pleasantest streets in the city. No less than 662 lamps of two branches each, disposed at convenient distances, in all parts of the city, are lighted every night, and are estimated to consume annually nearly 9000 gallons of oil.

The houses in the city and suburbs are generally of brick, three stories high, in a plain neat]