cate its probable constitution. How would you conduct the analysis of such a mineral? 13. An earthy mineral from Greenland afforded Fluorine Calcium Sodium Water Find the formula of the body, and describe a process for its accurate analysis. 14. Describe Pisani's method for the estimation of small quantities of silver. DR. APJOHN. MINERALOGY. 1. Mention the names and crystalline systems of the anhydrous mineral oxides, including 2, 3, and 4 atoms of oxygen respectively. 2. There are a few minerals which contain tungsten, and a few also which include Molybedenum. Give the composition and crystalline system of each of them. 3. The formula for topaz is usually said to be the same as that of andalusite, only that one-fifth of its oxygen is replaced by fluorine. Adopting this view, write its formula on the water type. 4. Write the formula of glance copper, and mention the names of the other minerals into which it enters as a proximate constuent, giving also the composition and crystalline system of each. 5. A mineral on analysis was found to have the following percentage composition: Silver, Lithia, Soda, What is its formula written on the water type, its name, and oxygen ratio? 6. One of the seven varieties of Felspar admitted by Dana, has the same oxygen ratio as leucite. Mention the points in which these mine rals differ from each other. 7. There are two silicates of copper, and two of zinc. Write the names, composition, and crystalline system of each. 8. A metallic ore (from Cuba) upon analysis yielded the following results: Deduce its emperical formula, and show that it is tantamount to a mixture of three known metallic ores. 9. According to Dana, every silicious mineral is either a unisilicate, a bisilicate, or a subsilicate. There are, however, several important silicates which are not comprehended in this classification. them, and give their composition and oxygen ratios. Enumerate 10. Write the empirical formula of spedumen; the rational formula long in use with mineralogists; the formula which distinguishes between what is considered as combined and connecting oxygen; and its formula on the water type. CRYSTALLOGRAPHY. 1. Certain planes on the edges of a cube of fluor spar have, according to Rose, the notation a : 2 a ∞ a. What is their notation according to Dana? 2. A crystal of vesuvian often exhibits planes to which Rose gives the notation, ∞ c: a: a. What is the notation of Dana? 3. Apatite sometimes exhibits planes lettered by Rose, ca: 2a. Give the notation of Dana. 4. Faces sometimes seen on heavy spar are by Rose lettered, c: a ∞ b. How are they indicated by Dana? 5. There is a compound form in the orthorhombic system which, when fully developed, is a dodecohedron. What are the simple forms of which it is composed, and what the notation of each of these according to Rose, and according to Dana? 6. Give Miller's algebraic enunciation of the law which governs the mutual inclinations of the faces of crystals, and explain how it may be modified so as to render it more suitable for calculation. 7. If in a spherical triangle, ABC, whose sides are quadrants, A, B, C are poles, what will be the symbol of each ? 8. If within the triangle mentioned in Question 7, there be a pole P, with symbol hkl, how is its exact position assigned in terms of the pole indices? 9. Should there be within the triangle a second pole, Q, having pqr for symbol, what is the expression which gives the cosine of the arc connecting the two poles? 10. What are the systems which include the uniaxal crystals, and how are they subdivided into two groups? Moderatorships in Natural Science. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND METEOROLOGY. THE PROVOST. 1. (a). What are the laws of the surface-forms of Continents, as laid down by Dana ? (b). Show that these laws hold in North and South America, and in Asia. 2. (a). In which of the principal divisions of the Earth's surface is the coast-line greatest in relation to the extent of surface, and in which least? (b). Express these relations numerically. 3. How are the waters of the Globe sub-divided by Dana in relation to temperature? 4. What is the amount of Solar Heat received by the Earth from the Sun in a year, as measured by the thickness of the coating of Ice which it would liquefy? 5. (a). Express the law of elevation of the temperature of the air at the Earth's surface, by the heat of the Sun, account being taken of the absorption of Heat by the atmosphere. (). What is the physical meaning of the coefficient in the formula? and what is its numerical value? 6. What are the standard heights of the barometer adopted in France and England, respectively? and what their numerical values? 7. (a). What is the relation between the temperature of the air at any height above the Earth's surface, and the barometric pressure, as deduced by Herschel from observations made in balloon ascents? (b). Deduce thence the temperature of Space. GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOOY. DR. HAUGHTON. I. Draw an outline Map of North America in the Cretaceous Period; marking its inland seas. 2. Name the chief genera of Cephalopoda, characteristic of the Neozoic Strata; and the chief genera characteristic of the Paleozoic Strata, 3. Draw outline sketches of the following fossils : Siphonia lobata. Hippurites Toucasianus. 4. Name the fossil Marsupials of Europe and N. America. 5. Describe the fossil Fauna of South America and Australia. 6. Give the subdivisions of the Jurassic System in England, including the Wealden Beds. 7. State the geological and zoological position of the following fossils : 8. Describe the fossil family of Pentremites. 9. Give a classification of the fossil Echinoderms. 10. Give an outline of Mr. Robert Mallet's theory of the origin of Volcanoes and Mountain Chains. PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY. PROFESSOR M'DOWEL. 1. Describe the innervation of the heart. Classify the nerves supplying this organ, according to their functions. 2. How may the occurrence of aphasia in unilateral disease of the brain be explained, without assuming that the cerebral centre for speech is situated on one side only? 3. Describe the structure of the membrana tympani, and explain the mechanism by which its tension is regulated. 4. Describe the phenomena which combine to produce the expansion of the thorax. 5. What is the evidence on which the existence of special nerves termed "trophic" is based? Give examples of such. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY. DR. MACALISTER. 1. What are your reasons for regarding the trabeculæ, as distinct from the system of the visceral arches ? 2. Describe the cornua trabecula in the skull of any bird. 3. What are the Siphonium and the Metagnathium, and describe their development? 4. What is the nervous supply of the muscles derived from the superficial and deep laminæ around the shoulder-joint? 5. How does the Carpus of a Perissodactyl differ from that of a Ruminant? 6. Describe the modification of the oral organs in a housefly, a flea, and a bee. 7. What are Imaginal discs, and what modifications do they undergo? 8. Contrast the eye in Nautilus with that of Sepia. 9. Describe the peculiarities in the structure of Aspidogaster conchicola. 10. What are the structural peculiarities of Gastrophysema and Haliphysema? ZOOLOGY. DR. MACALISTER. I. In what cases does the blastopore remain in the adult as a functional mouth? 2. With what structures in Polyzoa may the gills of molluscs be compared? 3. What is the nature of the Pneumatophore and Air-sac of Physophorids, and with what structures would you compare them? 4. What are Nematophores, and where are they found ? 5. Contrast the nervation of the wing of a Dipteron with that of a Hymenopteron. 6. Amia is usually regarded as the most closely related Ganoid form to the Teleosts-why? 7. What are the chief points of interest observed in the migrations of our commonest Irish Birds? 8. What do you consider to be the true zoological position of Axolotl, and why? 9. How do the Penguins differ in Pterylosis from other Birds? 10. What were the several zoological positions of Dinoceras, Tillotherium, and Coryphodon respectively? I. In the consideration as to the nutrition of plants, with what elements have we to do? 2. Explain how and from whence a daisy plant and a mushroom obtain the carbon to be found by analysis in each. 3. Enumerate the chief hydro-carbons to be met with in plants. 4. Under what circumstances is a plant independent of the influence of light? 5. Describe the process of reproduction in Volvox or in Spirogyra. 6. Describe the stem structure in Chara. 7. Write out a description of some one species of Basidiomycete Fungus. 8. Give a sketch of the life history of a Moss. |