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Translate the following into Latin Prose :

Although there is a benevolence due to all mankind, none can question but a superior degree of it is to be paid to a father, a wife, or a child. In the same manner, though our love should reach to the whole species, a greater proportion of it should exert itself towards that community in which Providence has placed us. This is our proper sphere of action, the province allotted to us for the exercise of all our civil virtues, and in which alone we have opportunities of expressing our good-will to mankind. I could not but be pleased, in the accounts of the late Persian embassy into France, with a particular ceremony of the ambassador; who, every morning, before he went abroad, religiously saluted a turf of earth dug out of his own native soil, to remind him that, in all the transactions of the day, he was to think of his country, and pursue its advantages. If, in the several districts and divisions of the world, men would thus study the welfare of those respective communities to which their power of doing good is limited, the whole race of reasonable creatures would be happy, as far as the benefits of society can make them so.-ADDISON.

Translate one of the following passages as directed.

To be translated into Greek Verse

What letters are they which

Are scrawl'd along the inexorable wall?

Will the gleam let me trace them? Ah! the names
Of my sad predecessors in this place,

The dates of their despair, the brief words of
A grief too great for many. This stone page
Holds like an epitaph their history;
And the poor captive's tale is graven on
His dungeon barrier, like the lover's record
Upon the bark of some tall tree, which bears
His own and his beloved's name. Alas!
I recognise some names familiar to me
And blighted like to mine, which I will add,
Fittest for such a chronicle as this,

Which only can be read, as writ, by wretches.

To be translated into Latin Verse

I do confess thou'rt smooth and fair,

And I might have gone near to love thee,
Had I not found the slightest prayer

That lips could speak had power to move thee;

But I can let thee now alone,

As worthy to be loved by none.

BYRON.

The morning rose that untouched stands,

Armed with her briars, how sweetly smells;
But, plucked and strained through ruder hands,
Her sweet no longer with her dwells,
But scent and beauty both are gone,
And leaves fall from her one by one.

Such fate ere long will thee betide,

When thou hast handled been awhile;
Like sere flowers to be thrown aside;
And I will sigh, while some will smile,
To see thy love for more than one
Hath brought thee to be loved by none.

Logics.

AYTOUN.

MILL, BOOKS I. AND II.

DR. SHAW.

1. Give Mill's definition of (a) connotative and (8) non-connotative names. (7). The latter definition covers two kinds of connotative names. (8). Account for Mr. James Mill's definition of abstract names.

2. (a). What defence does Mr. Bain make for Aristotle's categories, against the strictures of Mill? (8). Mill's reply?

3. Show that whoever bases the Syllogism on the Dictum de Omni implicitly affirms Whately's theory of the Import of Propositions.

4. Show by a quotation from Hobbes, that he occasionally approached very closely to the true theory of Predication.

5. (a). Account for the fact (noticed by Mill), that the examples given in logical text-books are, almost all of them, essential propositions? (B). A more accurate statement of the fact he noticed would have carried the explanation along with it.

6. (a). In the classifications given by naturalists, are we justified in demanding that the species of each genus shall be real kinds? (8). What a fortiori argument does Mill found on this fact, in justification of the Aristotelian differentia?

7. Give two examples, one from the text, another of your own, of terms which have undergone change of definition through the progress of science.

8. Sixty per cent. of A's are B's, and sixty per cent. of B's are not A's. Seventy per cent. of A's are C's, and fifty per cent. of C's are not A's.

(a). What percentage of A's are both B's and C's?

(8). What percentage of B's are C's?

(7). What percentage of C's are B's?

9. What errors which really had their roots in the belief in universals, as substances, survived the extinction of that belief?

10. Explain and discuss the objection to the Syllogism, that it is a mere trap to the unwary reasoner.

11. (a). Whence comes the difficulty of bringing the two angles at the base of an isosceles triangle under the induction "the differences of equal things are equal"? (8). What other inductions are employed to overcome this difficulty?

12. (a). What refutation did Whately suppose he made of Stewart's account of mathematical certainty? (8). Illustrate Mill's remarks on the controversy by a reference to the imaginary beings of Gulliver's travels.

13. Bain's explanation of the apparent a priori necessity of certain axioms was anticipated by Herschel ?

14. (a). What assumptions does the chemist make in his use of the Balance? (8) and (7). Mill and Whewell interpret this fact differently? 15. Two circumstances have combined to make numbers (including Algebra) the stronghold of Nominalism?

MR. ABBOTT.

1. What classification of Locke's corresponds to Mill's of Nameable Things? Compare the two classifications.

2. Why are some powers taken for qualities of bodies, and others not so ?

3. How do we know that the successive swings of a pendulum are equal?

4. Locke says it would be enough to "destroy" any supposed "positive idea of infinite" to ask him that has it, whether he can add to it or not. Suppose he says he cannot, what then?

5. Give Locke's definitions of will and volition. What is his objection to calling will a faculty?

6. State the argument by which Locke proves that essences are only abstract ideas. What is the opinion which he controverts ?

7. Locke and the Scholastic logicians differ as to what ideas are undefinable. Show that this results from the different views they take of definition.

8. Show that Murray's definition of a disjunctive proposition does not apply to his own example, and that propositions which come under his definition may be treated as copulatives.

9. Give the categorical equivalents of the following:

If any A is B, it is C;

If every A is B, C is not A;
If every B is C, some A is not B;
If every B is C, some B is not A.

10. It is fair induction to say: A is x, B is x, C is x: therefore A, B, and C are x. Substitute for x, "within my means," and let A be "rent," B "taxes," C "a carriage." Why does a fallacy arise, and what fallacy is it?

MR. MAHAFFY.

A.

1. Enumerate the more important Definitions of Inductions given by Mill, and show why he varies his language.

2. Give a scientific example of the application of his Canons of Induction, not taken from his list of examples.

3. Is it valid to argue that a major premiss must be assumed in all Inductions?

4. How are the fundamental axioms of geometry and arithmetic attained? What objections are there to Mill's theory of the matter? 5. Write a note on the meaning of the term Cause.

6. If two events are always simultaneous, how can we determine their relation as cause and effect?

If they are always successive in a fixed order, what can we infer ?

7. How does Mill refute Dr. Tulloch's objections to his theory?

8. How do ancient and modern philosophers differ as to the best evidences of intelligence in the constitution of the world?

9. Explain the similarities and the differences between mechanical and chemical combination.

10. What are the peculiarities of sciences resting on observation for their facts?

B.

1. How far has Bacon anticipated Mill's Four Methods?

2. To what particular cases are particular methods specially applicable ?

3. When is the Method of Agreement a scientific process?

4. Write a note on the terms tendency, kind, collocation.

5. Explain clearly the Deductive Method. What example does Mill cite of its application in mental science?

6. What is Mill's general estimate of Bacon's discoveries?

7. What does Mill mean by necessity in voluntary actions?

8. Give the substance of Bacon's remarks on Topica.

9. Give examples of the various Idola, different from those given by Bacon.

10. What does he mean by Logical Arts? Explain the illustrations by which he shows that they are the artes artium.

[blocks in formation]

1. The radius of a circle is R; what is the length of the side of an inscribed equilateral triangle, and the area of an inscribed square?

2. Prove that the portion of the perpendicular on any side of a triangle between the intersection of perpendiculars and the circumscribed circle is bisected by the side.

3. If O be the point of intersection of two chords of a circle which are at right angles, and A, B, C, D their extremities, show that

ОA2 + OB2 + OC2 + OD2

is equal to the square of the diameter.

4. If x + y = 2u, x − y = 2v, find x6 + y6 in terms of u and v.

5. Find a fraction such that if the numerator and denominator be each increased by 3 its value will be changed into , while if each be diminished by 3 it will become.

6. Form the quadratic equation whose roots are the solutions of the equations

ax + by = c,

ax + By = γ.

MR. BURNSIDE.

7. The rectangle under the diagonals of a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle is equal to the sum of the rectangles under the opposite sides? 8. Describe a circle touching two right lines and a given circle. 9. Solve the system of simultaneous equations

10. Find the value of

xy + x + y = II,

xy2+ x2 y = 30.

28 + 10 √3
5 + √√3

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