181. Laboratæ Cereris: of bread.'

183. Perpetui tergo bovis: the chine of an undivided ox.' The vorov, tergum, was presented at the table of the principal persons; its Homeric epithet, dinvezés, long, seems here meant to be expressed.Lustralibus: expiatory.' D. and H.: or, which remained from the sacrifice.'

194. Semihominis: Æn. iv. 686.—Caci facies: put for Cacus himself, as nova forma viri, Æn. iii. 591.

197. Ora: the heads.'

consid

200. Attulit et nobis: brought to us also ;' i. e. as it had to many others whose grievances Hercules had redressed. He is he ered a god.

210. Versis.... indiciis: the marks made by the feet of the cattle appeared turned in the direction opposite to that in which they had been dragged.

216. Relinqui: their lowing was echoed by the hills.

233. Silex here feminine, is usually masculine. Serv.

263. Abjuratæque : Cacus had with oaths denied having stolen them. 265. Tuendo: ì. e. intuendo.

268. Minores: those who have since lived.'

275. Communem: a common benefactor;' venerated by all.

276. Bicolor: the leaves on the upper and the under side are of a different shade.

280. Devexo.... Olympo: in the revolution of the harans, the diurnal hemisphere was now setting.

288. Noverca: his stepmother Juno sent two snakes to destroy him when in his cradle. For an account of the hardships and sufferings to which Hercules was exposed by the vindictive Juno, see Class. Dict. 292. Fatis: i. e. by the command of Juno to Eurystheus. Serv. 293. Nubigenas bimembres: i. e. the Centaurs.

....

294. Cresia prodigia: i. e. the bull that vomited fire, and the hind with brazen feet.

298. Facies: horrid appearances.' En. vi. 235, seqq.-Typhoeus: here, the same Hercules, who was cotemporary with Eurystheus and Theseus, is made to have taken part in the wars between the gods and the giants. To obviate this difficulty, Servius would interpret terruit to mean terreret. The name of Hercules was probably given to several heroes, in distant ages, whose exploits were afterwards confounded. 302. Dexter: 'propitious.'-Pede secundo: with favourable omens.'

....

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310. Faciles oculos his eyes quickly glancing.'

....

311. Capitur is delighted.'

313. Tum rex Evandrus: sc. ait; or, incipit.

....

315. Truncis nata: Heyne says this is probably a poetical manner of speaking, taken from the custom of certain rustics who inhabited the trunks of hollow trees.

326. Decolor atas: i. e. considering the silver age, and that of brass and of iron, as degenerate. Geo. i. 125.

330. Tybris: this was a Tuscan king, who fell in battle near this river, leaving to it his name.

333. Pulsum patriâ : 'banished from Arcadia.'

335. Egére: compelled.'

343. Lupercal: this is a place at the foot of Mount Palatine, where the Arcadians built a temple to Pan; and where the wolf is said to have nursed Romulus and Remus.

344. Parrhasio de more: according to the Arcadian custom,

....

dedicated to the Lycean Pan.' Parrhasia was a district and a city of Arcadia.

....

346. Testatur Argi: Argus had been killed whilst Evander's guest.

350. Dira: alarming; portentous.'

353. Nigrantem: collecting a tempest.'

....

361. Lautis Carinis: Carine was the name of a magnificent street in Rome, where Pompey, Mark Antony, and other distinguished citizens, had houses.

362. Ad sedes; i. e. to the mansion of Evander, on Mount Palatine. 365. Non asper not fastidious;'not despising.' Serv.

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:

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375. Debita destined by fate to fall.'

383. Arma: i. c. rogo tuum numen mihi sanctum; 'I request of your divinity, reverenced by me, arms for my son.'

395. Causas ex alto: such far-fetched arguments.'

401. Cura of skill;' promitto, understood.

411. Noctem addens operi: 'adding her work by night' to that of the day.

416. Sicanium juxta latus : 'close by the side of Sicily.'

421. Stricturæ 'the glowing masses of iron.' Serv.-Chalybum: these were people either of Pontus or of Spain, celebrated for iron works. Geo. i. 58.

430. Alitis austri: the thunderbolt is divided into twelve rays; three, imbris torti, of hail; three, nubis aquosa, of rain; three, ignis, of lightning; and three, alitis austri, of wind. From the conflict of these, thunder is supposed to proceed. The form of these bolts is frequently seen on medals.

432. Misceoant operi: on this part of the work they were then employed; for it may be remarked that this verb and the following, instabant, and polibant, are in the imperfect.

435. Egida: this was a breastplate.

436. Squamis.... auroque: 'golden scales;' by hendiadys. 453: In numerum: 'keeping, time.'

456. Cantus; from a scene of labour, noise, and bustle, the reader is at once transported to another, where reigns perfect repose.

458. Tyrrhena vincula these were sandals of the Tuscan fashion, fastened round the foot by thongs.

463. Secreta: the interior apartment.'

464. Promissi muneris: the promised aid;' verses 170, 171.

472. Pro nomine tanto: worthy of your glory,' Serv.; or, in proportion to the reputation of Evander and the Arcadians, which may have led you hither. H.

484. Reservent sc. talia. En. vi. 529, 530.

503. Optate: choose,'

505. Ipse

....

Tarcho: Tarcho himself,' the chief of Agylla. 507. Succedam sc. precantes ut; entreating that I would proceed.' 533. Olympo: ab, understood.

542. Herculeis .... aras: for ignes sopitos in Herculeis aris.

543. Hesternumque larem: Æneas, therefore, does not seem to quit the roof of Evander; whose Lar, or domestic divinity, possibly, was Hercules.

547. Sequantur: but Eneas was not going then into action; the meaning probably is, that on this occasion he selected his attendants, who were also to accompany him in battle. H.

556. Propiùsque periclo it timor: as the danger approaches, their fear is augmented.'

558. Euntis: of Pallas, 'departing.'

576. Venturus in unum: i. e. conventurus; again to meet.' 588. Conspectus: i. e. conspiciendus.-Pictis

arms variegated' with the precious metals.

589. Perfusus .... undà: 'rising from the sea.'

....

594. Meta viarum: the next turn of the road.' Serv.

in armis: in

596. Campum in this line, imitating the sound of cavalry in quick motion, Ennius is closely followed.

598. Colles cavi: hills surrounding the valley.' H.

....

601. Lucumque diemque: the grove and a day;' i. e. for religious rites.

605. Tendebat had encamped.' Æn. ii. 29.

607. Curant: this narration is completed, Æn. x. 148, seqq.

618. Expleri:be satisfied with looking at.'

619. Interque manus et brachia: the smaller parts of the armour were held in his hands; the larger in his arms. Serv.

624. Leves: polished.' See En. v. 558, note.

626. Illic res Italas: the student is reminded that what follows of this book, except the last three verses, is entirely employed in explaining the various devices upon the shield of Æneas, wrought by Vulcan. 627. Haud vatum ignarus: Vulcan, not ignorant of what had been foretold.'

635. Sine more: 'without regard to law or right.'

636. Actis: whilst the Circensian games were celebrating.'

642. Metium. he was drawn asunder by four horses for deserting in time of battle. See Class. Dict.

649. Illum: 'Porsena.'

660. Virgatis sagulis: cloaks striped in different colours;' as the highland plaid.

662. Gæsalong, light spears.' D.

....

680. Geminas romunt: the poet imitates Homer's description of Diomedes' helmet. Il. e. 4, seqq.

681. Lata: expresses merely its splendour. Æn. i. 591.—Patrium sidus the Julian star, which is represented on the helmet of Augustus. Ecl. ix. 47.

689. Ruere: sc. videntur.

696. Regina Cleopatra.

:

701. Calatus ferro: 'sculptured in iron.'

708. Immittere funes: let go the ropes that contracted the sails.' A metaphor from loosing the reins of a horse, to let him go at full speed. En. vi. 1.

710. Fecerat: had engraved.'-Iapyge: i. e. the wind blowing off shore from Apulia, consequently fair for Cleopatra, returning to Egypt. 715. Sacrabat: the triple triumph of Augustus is represented. Sueton. Aug. 22.

726. Mollior undis: 'with a more gentle stream;' as if acknowledging defeat.

727. Bicornis: issuing to the sea in two streams.

728. Araxes: a bridge, which had been constructed by Alexander the Great over this river, had been carried away. Another of firmer structure had been erected by Augustus. Serv.

730. Rerum.... gaudet: though unable to comprehend these objects, he views with pleasure their representation.'

ENEID. BOOK IX.

DURING the visit of Eneas to Evander, the account of which has taken up the principal part of the preceding book, Turnus was not idle.

At his departure, Eneas had left his companions strongly fortified on the margin of the river Tiber, and his fleet moored by the side of the encampment. He had directed his son and his commanding officers not to fight, except in self-defence, till his return; and in no case to venture out of their intrenchment.

The poet here begins to inform us what took place in the absence of Eneas; and to this the whole book is devoted. It is worthy of remark, that it is the only book in the poem in the incidents of which the hero takes no part himself.

7. Volvenda: quæ volvitur. Æn. i. 269.

8. Urbe: the intrenchment of the Trojans is sometimes called a camp, and sometimes a city. It was a camp fortified in the manner and form of a city, with turrets and gates.

11. Lydorum: of the Tuscans.'

En. ii. 781.

23. Lymphas in order to pray with washed hands and with more purity. Æn. viii. 69.

26. Pictar: this is one of the four instances in our poet, in which the diphthong a is found dissolved by diæresis. Æn. iii. 354.

29. Vertitur ... est: this verse, which is found in Æn. vii. 784, is not, in many MSS., here repeated; and, as it interrupts the comparison between the progress of an army and that of a river in the three next verses, it is probably an interpolation.

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30. Surgens.... Ganges: as the deep Ganges when augmented by the junction of seven rivers.'-Sedatis: 'of which the violence has abated.'

31. Aut pingui.... alveo: or the fertilizing Nile, when, after its yearly inundation, it reverts to its natural channel.' The poet apparently means to compare the march of this army, collected and falling into military order, with one of these mighty streams proceeding towards the sea, in calm and stately majesty.

57. Fovere 'keep close in their camp.' Geo. iii. 420.—Turbidus: 'enraged.'

61. Nocte super mediâ : 'beyond midnight.'

64. Sanguine: a, understood.

79. Prisca.

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perennis: the fact is of ancient date; but its fame endures through ages.' H.

84. Domito.... Olympo: 'now that Olympus is subjected to thy sway.' Jupiter had been preserved by his mother's aid from Saturn; to her, therefore, he was indebted for the possession of Olympus. Serv. 86. Arce.. summâ: on the summit of mount Ida.'

88. Has sc. arbores.-Dardanio juveni: 'to Æneas.'

90. Solve metus: 'dispel my fears.'-Atque.

low a parent's entreaties to avail so much.' 92. Prosit i. e. prosit his ortas esse.

....

parentem: and al

94. Quò fata vocas: 'wherefore dost thou urge destiny?'---Istis: sc. trabibus, seu navibus; i. e. in earum gratiam. H.

112. Idai. chori choirs of Corybantes;' who usually attended Cybele.

114. Ne trepidate: 'hasten not.'

125. Rauca: for raucè.

127. Animos tollit dictis: he raises the spirit of his followers by addressing them.'

128. Monstra: 'prodigies.'

130. Exspectant: they wait not Rutulian fire nor sword for their destruction.'

131. Pars altera: one of the elements;' i. e. the sea.

132. Tot millia in this order; Italæ gentes ferunt tot millia arma. 139. Iste dolor: indignation at being insulted.

140. Sed ... .'... est: but [it may be said] it is sufficient atonement for the Trojans to have been once destroyed.'-Peccare.... fœmineum : to transgress in this way before [it may be answered] should have been sufficient; nay, even to make them detest the whole female sex.' Turnus wishes to do away the impression that the Trojans are destined to prevail, and finally to establish themselves in Italy. As their former calamities befell them in consequence of their criminally taking Helen, so, he intimates, a second overthrow awaits them for attempting unjustly to deprive him of Lavinia, to whom he was betrothed. 143. Leti discrimina parva: slight security against death.' 154. Fuxo: an archaism for faciam, Serv.; as, En. xii. 316, apparently, fuxo is contracted from the future perfect, fecero.

155. Distulit Hector: whose efforts Hector repelled.'

158. Procurate attend to;' i. e. take care of yourselves.-Sperate: 'expect.'

160. Flammis: with watch-fires.'

164. Variantque vices: 'relieve each other on guard.' 165. Vertunt: 'invert;' in drinking off.

168. Armis alta tenent: 'in arms occupy the walls.'

170. Pontes: these were stages or galleries, communicating from tower to tower. Cerda.

171. Tela gerunt: 'convey missive weapons;' i. e. to be ready for the approaching assault.

174. Sortita periclum distributing their duties by lot.'

185. An.... cupido: is that, which a man earnestly desires, to be regarded as a divine inspiration?'

191. Quid dubitem: what I am considering.'

194. Si tibi. ... promittunt : ' if they promise you what I demand.' The generous youth proposes to give to his friend Euryalus the reward to which this hazardous enterprise would entitle him; being satisfied himself with the glory of the action.

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205. Lucis contemptor: a mind that despises life.'

215. Absenti: if his body were not found, at least a cenotaph to his honour might be erected (En. iii. 301), to which the oblations called inferie might be carried; which consisted of water, milk, honey, and blood. En. iii. 62. seqq. D.

221. Vigiles: the sentinels;' who were to relieve them on guard. 223. Regem: Ascanius.

232. Pretiumque mora: 'worth the delay,' which the interruption would occasion.

233. Trepidos: 'impatient.'

241. Quæsitum: when found.' H.

244. Vidimus . venatu assiduo: often, whilst hunting, we have seen, from the shady valleys, the nearest part of the town.' 254. Moresque... vestri: 'your own virtues and approving con

sciences.'

273. Arma: the arms belonging to them all ;' i. e. to the captives. 288. Inque salutatam: separated by tmesis; without taking leave.'