Thus by knowing the Equal Time, you may at any time (by help of this Table know the True or Apparent Time: For, Look against the Day of any Month, and find the Equation, which if it be Watch too fast; then fubftract that Days Equation from the time given by the Clock, and it will be the Apparent Time: And if it be Watch too flow, then, contrarily, Add the Aquation to the Time fignified by the Clock, and you have your defire. But in the right managing of a Clock or Watch, it ought, always, to be examined by the fame Sun-Dial it was jet by, and at, or near, the Hour too, for there is often difference in Sun Dials: And withal, not to Set the Clock by the Sun early in the Morning, or late in the Afternoon; for then the fhadow on the Dial is not the true Time of the Day, in regard the Sun hath then confiderable Refraction, which makes the Sun appear higher in Altitude than really he is, and the nearer the Horizon the Greater; So that the Time given by the Sun is later in the Morning then truth, and the contrary in the Afternoon. Therefore, To obferve the true Time of the Day, let it be always near Noon, if it be a South, or an Horizontal Dial that you make ufe of: But if it be a Quadrant or other Inftrumental Dial, which give the Hour by dependance on the Sun's Altitude, it ought to be done with great nifify, and never after Ten in the Forenoon, nor before Two in the Afternoon; in regard the Sun between the Hours of 10 and 2, varies not much in Altitude. CHAP. RECREATIONS Historical, Of the Measures, and Proportions of the Members of Man's Body. M AN (faith the Philofopher) is the Measure of all things : Secondly, For that (in effect) our ufual Measures, have ta ken their denominations from Humane Bodies, As the Foot, the Inch, the Cubit, the Pace, &c. Thirdly, Because the Symetry, and Concordancy of the Parts of Man's Body is to admirable; That all Magnificent Buildings, as of Temples, Columns, &c. are in fome Measure, Fashioned and Composed after Man's Proportion. Fourthly, For that Architects do refemble the feveral Members of a Corinthean and other Columns, to the Members of Mens Bodies: As Vitruvius in his Third Book: And Albertus Durens hath writ a whole Book of the Measures of Man's Body, from Head to Foot; of which fome follow: 1. The Height of Man, is equal to the diftance, from one end of the Middle Finger to the other, the Arms being extended to their full length. 2. If the Legs and Arms of a Man, be extended Salteir wife, or as it is ufually termed making a St. Andrew's Crofs; If one foot of a pair of Compaffes were placed upon the Navel of the Belly, and the other turnabout, it would juftly touch the Toes and Fingers of the Man fo extended. 3. The breadth of a Man from one fide to the other, the Breaft, the Head, and the Neck, make the fixth part of all the Body. 4. The Length of the Face and Hand are equal. 5. The Thickness of the Body, taken from the Belly to the Back, is the Ninth part of the whole Body. 6. The length of the Brow, the length of the Nofe, the space between the Nofe and the Chin, the length of the Ears, the greatness of the Thumb; are all of them equal one to the other. But The But befides these Symetries of the Members of Mens Bodies, I will here infert, The Defcription and Measures of all the Principal Parts of Mans Body, as they are fet down by Leon Baptifta Alberti, Reduced to all our English Measures; In Feet, and Hundred parts of a Foot. The height from the Ground to the The Infiep of the Foot, Ankle-Bone, on the out-fide of the Leg, Recefs which is under the Relieve of the Knee Bone Part of the Throat where the Weezle Pipe beginneth, 5 on, 5 ΙΟ The Amplitude or Largeness of the Parts, and Measures from the 3 5 3031 30 CO 35 18 Greatest breadth of the Foot, Greatest breadth of the Heel, Breadth of the middle or biggest part of the Thigh, Greatest breadth among the Mufcles in the joynt of the Breadth of the largest part of the Breaft, beneath the The Breadth and Thickness of the Arms, differ according to the feveral motions thereof; but the most common are thefe following: The Breadth of the Arm at the Wrift, O 23 Breadth of the Brawny part of the Arm, under the Elbow, o 32 be-} The Thickness from the Fore part to the Hinder-part. The Length from the Great Toe, to the Heel, The Thickness from the Inftep, to the Angle or Corner of the. Heel, 40 30 From the falling in under the Calf, to the middle of the Shin, o 36 The Falling in of the Inftep, The out-fide of the Calf of the Leg, The out-fide of the Pan of the Knee, The thickness of the biggest part of the Thigh, From the Genitals to the higheft Rifing of the Buttocks, From the Navel to the Reins, O 40 O 40 60 O 75 70 The thickness of the Waste, 66 From the Teats, to the highest rising of the Reins of the Back, The thickness of the Brawn of the Arm under the Elbow, and the Shoulder, The greatest thickness of theHand, The thickness of the Shoulders, 34 By means of thefe Measures it may eafily be computed what proportions all the parts and Members of the Body, have one by one to the whole Length of the Body; and what Agreement and Symetry they have among themselves; as alfo how they vary or differ one from another; which things are most fit to be known to Painters and Carvers efpecially: Nor were it from the purpose to particularife how the Parts vary and alter, according to the feveral gestures incident to humane Bodies, as, whither they be fitting, or inclining to this or that fide. But we fhall leave the more curious difquifition into these things, to the diligence and induftry of our Artift. СНАР. CHAP. I. Of Men or Giants, of Prodigious Statures. HA Aving (before in this Book) given you a perfect account of the Dimenfions of Mans Body, according to every Part and Member thereof, that is, of fuch a Body as the generality of Men and Women are, not extraordinary Tall, Thick, or Dwarfish, but of a middle and comely Stature; I fhall now give account of fome Monftrous Giants, which Hiftory makes mention of: 1. We read in the 3d Chapter of Deutrinomy, of a Giant called Ogge, of the Town of Rabath; who had a Bed of Iron which was Nine Cubits long, and Four Cubits broad. 2. In the 17th Chapter of the 1ft Book of the Kings, there is mention of Goliah, whofe height was a Palm of fix Inches, which is more than Nine of our English Feet; He was Armed from Head to Foot, whose Curnat, Launce and other Armor which he wore, did Weigh, of our Weight, at the leaft 500 3. In the time of the Grecian Wars, after a great overflowing of the Rivers, Salinus reports, That there was found upon the Sands the Carcafe of a Man, whose length was 33 Cubits; (which in our measure is 49 Foot and a half) a prodigious Carcafe! For (according to the foregoing Proportions) his Face fhould be five Foot in length. 4. Pliny reports, That after an Earthquake, a Mountain being cleaven thereby, in it was found a Body standing upright, which was 46 Cubits high; fome report it to be the Body of Orion, but whofe Body foever it was, it must be Monftrous; for what can be thought of a Hand to be seven Foot, and his Nofe two Foot and a half long. 5. Plutarch reports, in the Life of Sentorius, That in Timgy, a Marative Town; That because Sentorious could not believe what he had heard reported, caufed a Sepulchre to be opened, and found a Body therein which contained 60 Cubits in Length; according to which proportion, he should be 15 of our Feet in Breadth, his Face 9 Foot long, his Thumb 3 Foot; which is neer as big as the Colloßus at Rhodes. 6. It is reported by Symphoris Campeftus, That at the foot of a Mountain near Trepane, in opening the foundation of a House, they found a Cave in which was found a Giant ; which held in his hand a great Poft like the Maft of a Ship; and handling it, it moldred all into Duft, except the Bones which remained, and were of fo vaft a bignefs, that the Head would hold 5 Quarters of Corn; by which proportion, his Length fhould be 300 Foot, the length of his Face 30 Foot, and his Nofe 10 Foot. 7. Jofephus Ancofta, in his Italivn History reports, That at Peru was found the Bones of a Giant 18 Foot high: And other Histories are full of the Description of Giants of 9, 10 and 12 Foot high. |