in leaving the question of confolidation, and thofe relative to the manner of
deliberating and voting, ftill undecided. All the legal authority in the king-
dom then poffeffed by the king. Fatal confequences of that omiffion of the mi-
nifters. Scheme thence formed by the third estate to render the other orders
entirely dependent upon them. Explanation of the phrafe Verification of
Powers. Commons invite the clergy and nobles to come to their hall, in order
to proceed in common with them, in the verification of their respective writs
of return. Invitation refufed, as being contrary to established form, and
Jubverfive of the rights of the other orders. Commons pass a refolution, that
no writs could be valid that were not verified in their chamber and presence;
and that, without going through that form, the other two chambers would
be illegal affemblics. Nobles bla:ned for their obflinacy in refusing to comply
reith the demand of the commons. Clergy wavering. Privileged orders
weakened by their internal diffentions. Meetings of the commons tumultuous
and dijorderly. Admiffion of the populace caufes fhameful diforders, and
produces in time great evils. Nobles proceed with their separate verifica-
tions, and declare themfe'ves duly conflituted. This proceeding treated with
the utmost contempt by the commons. Commiffioners appointed to fettle the dif-
ferences between the nobles and commons, and the clergy act as mediators;
but the difputants can agree in nothing. Minifters alarmed, now perfuade
the king to interfere, when it is too late. Nobles pafs an arret, declaring
the deliberation by orders to be effential to the monarchical conflitution; and
that they would ever perfevere in this principle, as being equally necessary
both to monarchy and freedom. Conferences between the orders renewed in
compliance with the king's request. M. Neckar brings forward his conci-
liatory plan, fupported by a message from the king to all the orders; accepted,
in fact, only by the clergy. While the other diforders feem to deliberate on it,
they clog it with conditions which they know will be inadmiffible. Com-
mons alarm the nobles, by declaring that they will conftitute themselves into
an active assembly, and procced to business. Nobles continue obftinate, not-
with landing the endeavours of the temperate few among them. Common-
indirectly endeavour to render them more inflexible. Nobles and commons fe-
verally address the king. Party of the commons continually gaining ground
among the clergy. Three curates of Poitou bring their writs of return for
verification to the commons, and are received with acclamations of the
highest joy and triumph. Third eftate affume the title of National Assembly.
Signalize their new title by a firong and popular act of fovereignty. Spec-
tators interrupt the debates, hoot and menace the members, and publish lifts of
the voters, figmatizing those as enemies to their country who vote contraryto
their liking. King and miniflers, greatly alarmed, determine upon holding a
royal feffion. Preparations for carrying that measure into execution con-
ducted with fuch imprudence and rashness, as to excite the greatest public
alarm. National Affembly shut out from their hall by guards and workmen,
without any previous notice or knowledge of the intention. Commons, ap-
prehenfive of immediate dissolution, hurry through a vi lent florm of rain to
an old tennis-court, where they bind themfelves by a folemn oath, never to
part until the confiitution was completed. Extreme odium, as well as other
evil confequences, which the bad conduct of the minifters in this tranfaction

drew

drew upon the king. Majority of the clergy join the commons. Great in
and triumph upon this occafion. Commons, upon this junction, are confident
in their firength. Royal feffion. Plan of a new constitution or system of go-
vernment laid down by the king. Various caufes which operate to its re-
jection. Commons refufe to adjourn or interrupt their feffion. Iffie a decree,
declaring the persons of their members inviolable. Outrages at Verfailles
and in Paris. Poiffardes, and another order of women, become highly no-
torious. Extraordinary fcenes in the gardens of the palais royal. Parifians
fo prone to revolt, that M. Neckar is obliged to send a letter to allay the fer-
ment. Commons treat the king's fyftem with filent contempt. Archbishop of
Paris terrified by the dangers to which he had been exposed by the rabble,
comes, with the minority of the clergy, to the hall of commons, where they
withdrew their proteft. Count de Clermont Tonnere, and M. de Lally, uje
the mof firenuous endeavours to bring the nobles to an union with the com-
mons, but the majority continue inflexible. Minor party of that order defert
the fame evening, and join the third eftate. Majority, at length, afier a
meffage from the king, and violent debates, unite with the commons. Great
hopes formed of the happy confequences which would enfue from this union of
the flates. New and alarming councils and meafures adopted by the court.
Troops drawn from different parts of the kingdom towards the capital.
Caufes or motives of this extraordinary change of measures not yet clearly de-
veloped. Contending parties charge each other with evil defigns, which are
mutually denied. National assembly had not, fince the late union of the flates,
afforded any visible caufe for jealoufy or violence. Succesful means used in
Paris to feduces the French guards from their duty. Parifans force the pri
fon, and rescue the mutinous foldiers of that body who were confined for dif-
obedience of orders, and other acts of contumacy. National affembly present
a spirited remonfirance to the king on the near approach of the troops. King
anfwers, that the disorders in Paris afford the only motice for this measure,
and proposes to transfer their fitting to Noyon or Soissons, in which cafe he
would remove the court and follow them. Democratic leaders reje& the pro-
projal. Horrid defigns attributed to the court by the oppofite party in this
change of fyftem. Opinions of more moderate men on the subject, so far as
they can be collected. M. Neckar ordered to refign his place, and to quit the
kingdom. Other ministers refign. M. de Breteuil placed at the head of the
new ministry, and Marshal Broglio appointed to command the army. Dif
orders in Paris commence on Sunday morning, on the arrival of this intel-
ligence. Prince de Lambesc, in an ill-judged attempt, with his regiment of
cavalry, to difperfe the riotous populace in the gardens of the Thulleries,
hamefully repulfed. All government being at an end in Paris, a day of fury
and rage is jucceeded by a night of the moji dreadful panic.
On Monday
marning above 100,000 people affemble, and feem animated by one common
ford, Temporary bodies of electors appointed to the government of their re-
¿pečlive districts. Army of 30,000 men fuddenly formed. Joined by the
French guards. New cockade. Appearance not only of defence but of ac-
live war. Plunderers, detceled in the fact by the populace, inflantly hanges
by the lautern ropes.
Thus commenced the dreadful precedent of the popu
lace becoming in the fame infant both the judges and the executioners of the

are. On Tuesday morning the new army complete their preparations by
jeizing the arms in the public depofitories. Attack the Raftile. Contra-
dictory accounts of feveral circumftances relative to the attacking and tak-
ing of that fortrefs. M. de Launay, the governor, dragged to the Place de
Greve, and miferably murdered., M. de Lofme, his major, a man of great
humanity, and who had treated the prifoners with unusual tenderness, meets
the fame fate. This day introduced the farage cuftom of mutilating the
bodies of the victims, and of exhibiting their bleeding heads in the fireets on
pikes. The lives of a handful of invalids, who garrifoned the Bastile, faved
by the French guards. The mayor of Paris, being detected in a correfpondence
with the court, is turned out of office, and ordered to prifon for trial, by the
committee of electors; but is forced from the guard by the rabble, who mur-
der him on the spot, and exhibit his head in the freets like the others. Only
feven prifoners found in the Baftile. On the Sunday and Monday the king's
minifiers and generals feemed afleep, or in a trance; but on Tuesday, the
former found themfelves fuddenly overwhelmed by a deluge of misfortunes
from every quarter; and could find no other resource than that of concealing
from the fovereign the dismal and dangerous fituation in which he was in-
volved. National affembly, with the terrors of diffolution and imprison-
ment before their eyes, refolved, with the firmness of a Roman fenate, not to`
relinquish a jingle point. Pafs a celebrated refolution. Solicit the king to
withdraw his troops. King's anfwer. Assembly resolve on Tuesday not to
feparate, but to fit up all night in their hall. Syftem of concealment fili
purfued. Duke de Liancourt forces his way to the king's bcdfide at mid-
night, and acquaints him with the true flate of his affairs. King refigns
himself next morning into the hands of the affembly. His fpeech received
with loud acclamations, and the whole affembly accompany him back to the
palace.. Paris now to be confidered as a great republic. M. la Fayette
appointed to the command of the army. M. Bailly chofen mayor Na-
tional affembly fend a deputation to 84 members to Paris, King perfuaded
to the humiliating and dangerous measure of vifiting the capital. Met at
Seve by 25,000 national guards, who efcort him to the town house. Returns
fafe to Verfailles. Inhuman and barbarous fongs popular in Paris. Cruel
murders of Foulon and Berthier. Speedy difperfion of the late minifleṛs,
courtiers, generals, and favourites, who, with the Count d'Artois, his two
fons, and the Princes of Conde and Conti, escape to foreign countries.`. At-
tempts made by the moderate party in the affembly for adopting effectual
means to refrain that fanguinary fpirit which was now becoming fo dread-
fully general. Excessive jou at M. Neckar's return. Triumphal entry into
Paris. His hopes unexpectedly blafted by the refufal of the Parifians to
order the release of M. Bezenal, or to grant a general amnesty. Dread-
ful fate of diforder and cruelty which prevails through the country in
general.
*[217

CHRONICLE.

Thanksgiving Prayer on his Majefly's Recovery from his late indifpof-

tion

-

--

[249

Account of the proceffion to St. Paul's church on the day of thanksgiving for
his Majefty's recovery

[ibid.

-

Account of the Galas and Entertainments given upon the recovery of the

King

[251

By the Princess Royal, on the ft of May

[252

By the French Ambassador

F253

Grand Gala at Ranelagh, by the Club at Bootle's, May 7

[234

Spanish Ambasador's, June 9

[ibib.

Account of the Coronation of the King of Spain

(ibid.

Account of the new Settlement at Botany Bay

[256

Boxing-matches between Perrins and Johnson, Jacombs and Big Ben, George

the Brewer and Pickard

1258

[260

Account of their Majefties Journey to Weymouth and Plymouth
Mr. Wilberforce's twelve Propofitions, fubmitted to the Committee on the Slave

[268
Defcription of Sir George Savile's Statue erected in York Cathedral, with the
Infcription

[271
Account of the opening of the Academy at Windfor, in Nova Scotia [ibid.
Mr. Burke's letter on the fubject of the cenfure moved in the House of Commons,
refpecting words Spoken by him in Westminster-Hall.
[273
Speech of Mr. Haftings addressed to the High Court of Parliament [276
A general bill of all the christenings and burials in the cities of London and
Westminster, &c. for the year 1789
1278
An account of the quantities of all corn and grain exported from, and imported
into England and Scotland, with the bounties and drawbacks paid, and
the duties received thereon, for one year, ending the 5th of January, 1790.

Prices of Stocks for the year 1789
Public Acts paffed in the fixth feffion of the fixteenth parliament of Great Bri-

STATE PAPERS.

eport of the committee appointed to examine the phyficians who have attended
his Majefty, during his illness, touching the fate of his Majefly's health

---

[287

efolutions of the house of commons, delivered to the lords at a conference on the
23d of December, 1788
Proteft of the lords, on the regency

[296
[297

Letter from the Right Hon. William Pitt to the Prince of Wales, Dec. 30 [298
Answer to the foregoing letter, delivered by his royal highness to the lord
chancellor, Jan. 1, 1789

[299

Refolutions agreed to by the lords and commons, and prefented to the prince of
Vales, on Jan. 30

[302

Proteft of the lords, who voted against agreeing to the aforefaid refolutions,

[303

-

-

-

[305

[ibid.

Answer of the prince of Wales to the lords and gentlemen appointed to deliver
to him the foregoing refolutions
Refolutions agreed to by the lords and commons, prefented to her Majefly on
Jan. 30, 1789
Her Majesty's answer to the lords and gentlemen, who delivered the foregoing
refolutions
Speech of earl Bathurst, in the name of the lords commiffioners, appointed by
her Majesty's commission under the great feal, to declare certain caufes of the
meeting of parliament, Feb. 3

-

[306

[ibid.

Speech of the lord chancellor to both houfes of parliament, March 10
The humble address of the house of commons to the king

[ibid.

[308

Speech of the lord chancellor to both houfes of parliament, August 11
Speech of the marquis of Buckingham, lord lieutenant of Ireland, to both houses

[309

of parliament, on Feb. 5

-

[ibid.

-

Addrefs prefented to the prince of Wales, Feb. 27, from the delegates from
both houses of parliament in Ireland
[310
Proteft of the peers of Ireland, who voted against the address to the prince of
Wales, requesting his royal highness to take upon him the office of prince
regent
[ibid.
Anfwer of the lord lieutenant to the addrefs of both houses, requesting him to
tranfmit their addrefs to the prince of Wales
[312
Proteft of the minority in the Irish house of lords, against the refolutions
voted, afferting the right of both houses to declare a prince regent [313
Proteft of the lords against the role of cenfure on the lord lieutenant [ibid.
Anfier of the prince of Wales to the addrefs prefented by the delegates of the
two houfes of parliament of Ireland

Second anfcer of the prince of Wales to the deputation from both houses of
the parliament of Ireland, March 12