340. ora prima patrum: the faces of the elders in front; i.e. in the front places. Instead of ora, we should expect aures, 'ears.'

342. reddi: poetic for ut reddatur.

344. gratior. . . virtus: and his merit coming with more persuasion in a comely form.

346. subiit palmae: has reached a prize.

frustraque: -que is

354. Niso there is pathos in Nisus's using his own name instead

of saying mihi. The word almost equals 'poor Nisus.'

355. qui merui: note the return to the first person.

merit.

laude :

356. ni me . tulisset: had not the same ill luck befallen me, etc.; protasis to an implied and who would have won it.' quae Salium: understand tulit.

357. simul: here with the force of simul cum.

358. olli indirect object of risit.

359. artis: the handiwork; accusative plural, in apposition with clipeum.

360. Neptuni

refixum

sacred pillar of Neptune; i.e.

(once) taken by the Greeks from the from a pillar of Neptune's temple.

The shield then passed into the hands of Aeneas; in what way, we are not told. Danais is Dative of Agency.

362-484. The boxing bout.

363. virtus: here in its original sense, manliness. praesens the two words together mean 'resolution.'

praesens is the same as in our 'presence of mind.'

animus

The idea in

364. evinctis: i.e. bound with the caestus, or leathern gauntlet. 365. geminum honorem: two prizes.

366. velatum auro, etc.: i.e. with gilded horns and decked with fillets; Zeugma.

368. vastis cum viribus: Ablative of Quality with Dares, mighty Dares. The Ablative of Quality with cum occurs occasionally elsewhere.

369. virum: on the part of the spectators.

murmure: i.e. a mur

mur of admiration; Ablative of Attendant Circumstance.

370. Paridem contra: Paris is not elsewhere represented as noted for his prowess.

371. ad tumulum, etc.: i.e. at the funeral games celebrated at Hector's tomb.

372. victorem: the champion. qui se Bebrycia, etc.: who boasted himself descended from the Bebrycian clan of Amycus; veniens is used by a Greek idiom instead of venientem; cf. ii. 377, sensit delapsus. Amycus, king of the Bebrycians in Bithynia, was a famous boxer, though finally vanquished by Pollux.

375. prima: logically with Dares.

378. huic to meet him; literally, for him.

380. alacris: for alacer, the usual form of the masculine.

dere palma: i.e. that they relinquished their claims on the prize.

384. quo . . . usque: how long? For quousque; Tmesis. 385. ducere: lead away; understand me as subject.

exce

386. reddi: to be bestowed; re-, as often, here involves the idea that the act of the verb is fitting or due.

387. gravis: earnestly.

388. consederat: with the force of the imperfect, was sitting.

389. quondam fortissime frustra: i.e. Entellus's former prestige is in vain, if another is to claim the prize.

390. patiens: submissively. nullo certamine: without any contest; Ablative of Attendant Circumstance.

391. nobis: Ethical Dative.

deus ille magister: that divine master; Eryx was not really a god, though as the son of Venus he might well be called divine.

392. per Trinacriam: dependent on some such idea as 'spread,' to be supplied.

394. gloria: i.e. love of glory, ambition.

395. sed enim: but really; for the force of enim, see note on i. 19. 397. quae quondam fuerat: which I once had.

yon braggart.

398. si repeating the si in line 397.

improbus iste :

399. haud equidem pretio, etc.: i.e. I should not have needed the prize of the bullock to induce me to enter the contest.

400. moror: mind, care for. sic deinde locutus: deinde limits projecit; cf. line 14, where deinde is similarly used.

403. ferre manum: deal his blows in combat (C.). duroque intendere bracchia tergo: and to cover his arms with the raw hide; the caestus was laced over the'fore-arm; tergum is here boldly used in the sense of leather.' The words introduced by -que, while made grammatically coördinate with the preceding ferre manum, are logically subordinate. One might better translate: covering his arms, etc.

404. animi: viz. of the spectators.

to 'mighty.'

tantorum: here equivalent

406. longe recusat: shrinks back and refuses.

408. vinclorum: of the gauntlets; so called because fastened about the arms.

409. senior: Entellus.

411. tristem pugnam: the combat between Hercules and Eryx, teacher of Entellus. Eryx was slain.

412. germanus Eryx tuus: see note on line 23, litora fraterna. 413. sanguine, cerebro: viz. of Eryx's former opponents.

414. suetus: understand fui.

415. aemula with senectus. Old age is called jealous because it

:

robs us of our former powers.

416. temporibus: temples.

cānebat: from caneo.

418. id explained by the following aequemus pugnas. literally, is fixed, but here rather in the sense of 'pleases.' auctor Acestes: (and) my backer Acestes approves.

419. terga: i.e. the gauntlets.

421. duplicem amictum : doublet.

422. A Hypermetric verse.

424. extulit: brought out.

426. in digitos arrectus: raised on tiptoe.

427. extulit: here, raised.

sedet :

probat

429. immiscent manus manibus: referring to the preliminary sparring, not the actual encounter.

430. ille: Dares.

431. hic: Entellus. sed tarda trementi, etc.: but he trembles and his slow knees totter; literally, totter to him trembling.

432. genua to be pronounced as a dissyllable; u is here equivalent

to v; B. 367, 4; A. 603, c, N.; G. 723; H. 733, 3, N. 2.

with causative force, exhausting.

aeger: here

433. inter se volnera jactant: launch blows at each other. 434. cavo lateri: i.e. against each other's sides.

rain (transitive).

ingeminant:

437. gravis: solidly. nisu eodem: i.e. in the same sturdy posture.

438. corpore: i.e. by moving the body. tela: blows; like volnera in 433. modo merely; the word belongs with oculis as well

as corpore.

exit: here transitive,

evades.

439. ille: Dares. velut qui as one who.

:

molibus: with

engines of war.

440. sedet: in the military sense, -encamps.

441. nunc hos, etc.: from pererrat, we must supply in sense some such verb as temptat with aditus, - tries now this approach . . reconnoitres every place; Zeugma.

442. arte: i.e. exercising all his skill.

445. corpore: as in line 438.

446. effudit: vented. ultro: besides, in addition.

447. ipse as opposed to Dares, whom he had expected to fell with the blow. gravis graviterque: rhetorical repetition of the idea. 448. cava: hollow, and so, ancient.

449. radicibus: Ablative of Separation.

450. studiis: eagerly; Ablative of Manner.

451. caelo: Dative of Direction.

455. conscia virtus: consciousness of prowess.

456. Daren ordinarily inflected Dares, Daretis, accusative Dareta (line 460). The accusative Daren is after the analogy of the Greek first declension. aequore toto: over the whole ring; Ablative of the Space over Which; cf. ii. 421, totaque agitavimus urbe.

457. ille: the ille is redundant, and is introduced purely for rhetorical effect; cf. line 186. Translate: mark you.

458. quam multa, etc.: with as much hail as . thick and fast, etc.

460. versat: whirls about.

so, with blows

466. alias: i.e. other than thine. Aeneas means that Entellus is

assisted by some god. conversaque numina: i.e. the powers that had formerly aided Dares are now against him.

471. galeamque ensemque: the prize promised the vanquished contestant; see line 367.

473. superans: triumphant.

474. haec explained by what follows, et fuerint, etc.

:

476. servetis revocatum: you have recalled and preserved.

477. adversi juvenci: of the bullock fronting him; but adversi is redundant.

478. donum: predicate.

480. arduus: rising high.

effractoque cerebro: crushing in the

skull. The Ablative Absolute here irregularly denotes consequent, instead of prior, action.

481. exanimis: predicatively, with procumbit. humi bos: the monosyllabic ending suggests the heavy fall of the steer. 482. super: the adverb.

483. hanc meliorem animam: this more fitting life; i.e. it is better to offer the life of a steer than of a man.

485-544. The archery contest.

486. qui velint: for the subjunctive, see the note on line 291.

487. malum: from malus.

488. volucrem: fluttering.

through (the mast).

trajecto in fune: on a cord run

489. quo tendant ferrum: as the mark for their shafts; literally, whither to aim their shafts; the antecedent of quo (here = in quam) is columbam; quo tendant is a Relative Clause of Purpose.

490. convenere, accepit: picturesque present perfect. sortem : the lots are to determine the order in which the heroes shall shoot. The singular here has plural force.

491. clamore secundo: i.e. amid the shouts of his friends. 492. locus: i.e. his place in the order of the contestants.

493. victor: a (not the) winner; Mnestheus came in second.

496. jussus confundere foedus: at the bidding of Minerva, Pandarus, a Lycian ally of the Trojans, shot an arrow at Menelaus and thus broke the truce existing at the time.

498. Acestes: i.e. Acestes's name or lot.

499. ausus et ipse: daring also himself.

501. pro se quisque : each with all his energy. 503. volucris: with sagitta.

504. arbore: in the wood.

505. timuit pinnis: i.e. fluttered in alarm.

506. omnia: all the place.

tors.

508. alta petens: aiming high.

plausu: the applause of the specta

his gaze and bolt together; i.e. took accurate aim. 511. quis innexa pedem : fastened with which by the foot; quis is poetic for quibus; pedem is Greek Accusative.

512. Notos: equivalent to ventos, aëra, and governed by in, which occasionally is reserved for the second of two connected phrases.

513. jam dudum arcu, etc.: having already long held his arrow in position on his ready bow; contenta, literally, strained, applying properly to the bow, is here transferred to the arrow.

514. fratrem: Pandarus, as a tutelary patron of archers. vota: to hear his prayer.

in

speculatus: fixing his eye upon her.

et: connecting laetam with plaudentem.