pardon from domestic punishment from such proprietors of Slaves as might not otherwise feel the interest they have in paying due attention to the same, it is my further command that every owner of a Slave who shall have surrendered himself within the time prescribed shall give immediate notice thereof in writing, if in Cape Town to His Majesty's Fiscal, or if in the Country Districts to the Landdrost of the District, in order that the name of such Slave may be entered into a Register to be kept for that purpose, a failure of compliance with which will subject the said owner to a fine of 50 Rixdollars.

But inasmuch as many Runaway slaves may have been guilty of capital crimes, subjecting the offender to Transportation or Death, it is to be clearly understood that this my proclamation of Pardon in no way extends to those who have so transgressed, but solely to those who have absented themselves from their respective Proprietors for Domestic offences or other petty misdemeanours.

And if it shall be proved that any of the Slaves so surrendering shall be subsequently beaten by their Masters, or by their Masters' order, or otherwise punished on account of the crime of desertion, then upon legal proof thereof being adduced (as in other cases of the ill-treatment of Slaves) such Slaves shall be taken from their Proprietors and disposed of under the direction of the Court of Justice, so that they may not again come into the service of their former Master, or of any member of his Family.

And in order to give the fullest publicity to this my intention and command, besides the usual means of making the same known, I do hereby direct each and every Wardmaster of this Town to appoint and assemble one Slave from every House in the Respective Wards, and each Field Cornet of the several Country Divisions, one Slave from each house in such Division, as early as possible after their receipt of this proclamation, and to explain in the Dutch and Portuguese languages the full meaning thereof; and I do further direct the Wardmasters and Field Cornets aforesaid to report to His Majesty's Fiscal, and to their respective Landdrosts, their having complied with this Instruction, as they shall answer the contrary at their peril.

Given under my Hand and Seal at the Cape of Good Hope, this 23rd day of June 1809.

[Copy.]

Proclamation by the EARL OF CALEDON.

Whereas it has been represented to me that accidents frequently happen, and that great danger is incurred, especially in the night time, from the negligence or misconduct of the Drivers of Carriages, and particularly of Bullock Waggons passing backwards and forwards from and to the Country and the Cape Town; Now, in order to provide for the Safety of the Traveller, as well by night as by day, and that proper order and regularity may be observed, not only in the Streets and Lanes in this Town, but likewise throughout all the different parts of the Colony, I do hereby order and command, and it is hereby ordered and commanded, that from and after the date and publication of these presents the following Regulations shall be strictly observed.

1. All persons whosoever residing in Cape Town, or in the District of the Cape, or possessing either Cart or Waggon, to wit, those residing in Cape Town or District, Simon's Town included, and also those residing in the Environs of the Drostdy of Stellenbosch to 3 hours distance, shall, within the space of one month from the date hereof, and the remainder of the said inhabitants before the end of the month of August, give in to the Fiscal, or the Landdrosts of their respective Districts, their names, and likewise how many Carts or Waggons they possess, in order that the same may be registered, and that they may receive a certificate upon a Stamp of Six Stivers for each Waggon, that the orders herein contained have been duly complied with, in default of which a fine of 20 Rixdollars shall be levied on the offender. The same Regulation is to be observed by the Inhabitants of the Districts of Zwellendam, Graaff-Reinet, Uitenhage, and Tulbagh, with this difference only, that the time for giving in the Return of their Carts and Waggons, together with their names, is extended to four months.

2. And in order that the utmost regularity may be observed by the Drivers of all such Carts and Waggons, and likewise by those of all sorts of Carriages whatsoever, I do hereby command and direct that henceforth all Carriages of every denomination, whether drawn by Horses or by Oxen, shall keep on the left hand side of the Road or Street, giving always the right hand to the Carriages they meet; and should any damage be done to

either Carriage, Cart, or Waggon, whilst on its proper side of the road, by another out of its place, then and in that case the owner of such Carriage, Cart, or Waggon shall not only repair and make good the injury sustained, but likewise in case of refusal be obliged to pay a fine of 20 Rixdollars for having offended against the Law.

3. And for the better and more easily distinguishing who the proprietor of each Cart or Waggon is, I do further command that at the same time they receive their Certificates from the Fiscal or their respective Landdrosts, they shall also receive a Number, which Number the Proprietor of such Waggon or Cart shall cause to be painted in white figures of at least one inch and a half in length, on a black board one foot square, together with the owner's name, and the name of the District in which he resides, which board shall be placed on the right side of each Cart or Waggon, and any Cart or Waggon appearing on the highways of this Colony, or in the streets of this Town, after the time herein specified, without such public mark upon it, the owner thereof shall be liable to a fine of 50 Rixdollars.

4. And as every man is supposed to have the power of commanding his Servant or Slave, so is he here considered responsible for their conduct, and likewise for their paying due attention and obedience to the orders and regulations herein contained, he should therefore give strict injunctions to them to be careful not to offend, as he himself will be liable to the penalty incurred by their neglect.

5. In order to prevent any accidents happening to those returning to Town after sunset, from the number of Bullock Waggons that begin their journey about that hour, I do strictly order and command that all Waggons drawn by Bullocks shall pass through the Castle on their leaving Town, and pursue the Road called the Summer or Lower Road; and any such Bullock Waggon that shall be found on the Upper Road on this side of Roode Bloem, when on their way to the country, the owner thereof shall pay a fine of 20 Rixdollars.

And I do strictly prohibit and forbid any waggon drawn by oxen from appearing in the Streets of this Town, or within two miles thereof, without having a person leading the foremost pair, as has always been an established Regulation in this Colony, under the penalty thereunto affixed. The penalty shall also be

strictly levied upon all carters who shall crack their Whips in passing through the Town, contrary to the former orders.

And it is hereby directed that this proclamation shall be published and affixed in the usual manner.

Given under my Hand and Seal at the Cape of Good Hope, this 23rd day of June 1809.

Letter from GEORGE REX, ESQRE., to LIEUTENANT
COLONEL COLLINS.

MELK HOUT KRAAL, 25 June 1809.

DEAR SIR, My neighbour Petrus Terblans being to ride to Cape Town tomorrow, in order to dispose of his slave Damon there, gives me an opportunity to acknowledge your favour from Gourits River, since the receipt of which I have seen Mr. Meeding and also the provisional veld kornet Van Rooyen; the latter has proposed to carry the mail from Plettenberg's Bay as far as the Palmiet River's drift, but coming to speak as to the terms he mentioned certain conditions (Grant of Land, &c.) which, as he informed me, he had sent them in writing to you at the Cape, I shall not trouble you with here. Speaking to him as to the more equally dividing the post duty between the Bay and the Lange. Kloof according to your directions, he says the middle three hour stage between the first station at the foot of the mountain on this. side and the Palmiet River's drift on the other side is a continuation of Rock both up and down, that there is no intermediate space of ground sufficient for a horse to graze, and that the required half way house (or four hour station) would be at, or near, the summit of that stony hill.

With respect to Vrienckes and Spoorbek, the two persons proposed in the letter of the veld cornet Rademeyer for the station next the Lange Kloof, the former it appears has declined, and the latter was already gone to Town to deliver his proposal to you in person, so that we shall rather wait his return before anything is determined on. Mr. Meeding, I believe, is willing to undertake the carriage of the bag the whole way, until the division is

made and a proper person can be found; he knows Spoorbek, and thinks him a person not to be depended on for punctuality. In any event you may, dear Sir, rest assured of the mail being despatched from the Melk Hout Kraal to the Lange Kloof, even should the new direction of the post take place immediately. I remain &c.

(Signed) G. REX.

[Copy.]

Remarks by LIEUTENANT COLONEL COLLINS upon the Places situated between the Rivers Goukama and Traketekou.

1. Ganze Kraal. Wessel Vosloo, Senior. Extends from the Sea to the Lands of Adam Barnard, who has two places above it: one called Jager's Kraal, the other Olievenhout Kraal. Ganze Kraal is favourable for cattle, but not for corn, sheep, or horses.

2. Jager's Kraal is tolerably good for cattle, better than Olievenhout Kraal, but is bad for horses, sheep, and corn.

3. Olievenhout Kraal is not good for cattle, but is favourable for sheep, corn, and horses. A small stream issuing from the adjoining mountains can be brought over the land.

4. Rugte Vallei. Mr. Meeding. This place takes its name from a stream which becomes a lake near the sea. It is good for horses and cattle, but bad for corn and sheep.

5. Zwarte River. Johannes Wyers. Favourable for horses and cattle, indifferent for corn, and bad for sheep. The river which has given its name to this place joins the Rugte Vallei.

6. Geelhout Boom. Hendrik Barnard. It is situated between the places called Zwarte River and Rugte Vallei and the mountains. Good for corn and sheep, bad for horses and cattle. The stream called the Rugte Vallei is the supposed boundary between Hendrik Barnard's two places. The Zwarte River separates him from Wessel Vosloo, Junior, whose place is supposed to extend as far as Wolve River.

7. Kleine Hooge Kraal. Wessel Vosloo, Junior. Above the place called Zwarte River, and west of that stream. Is good for corn and sheep, tolerable for horses, but bad for cattle.

8. A lot of ungranted land, which is known by the name of