account which was then given of them in their united Aate, is applicable to the piece now feparately printed; viz. that it is pious, rational, and practical. Such discourses cannot fail of doing honour to the Proteftant Diffenters. It may be proper to add, that this fecond edition of the Charge is owing to the earnest folicitation of Sir Harry Trelawney. Some fmall parts of the difcourfe, which, for want of time, were furpreffed in its first delivery, are here inferted.

CORRESPONDENCE.

T has ever been our custom to pay due regard to the decent remonftrances of refpectable writers, who think their works, in any degree, mifreprefented in our Review. On this principle, we publith the following letter from Mr. Hey, of Leeds, relative to our late account of his Observations on the Blood: fee Review for November laft, Art. VII. Our ftrictures on that performance appeared, to us, to be just, at the time when we printed them; and we do not apprehend that he will attribute them to any perfonal disrespect. To enter into a controversy on the subject, is not only unfuitable to the nature of our plan, but incompatible with our other engagements. What we have already faid, is fubmitted to the judgment of our Readers; and to the fame refpectable court we now convey the plea of Mr. Hey, in his own behalf.

To the MONTHLY REVIEWERS.
GENTLEMEN,

Confidering the great variety of fubjects which come daily under your notice, it cannot be deemed a want of candour to fuppofe, that fometimes the meaning of an author may be so far mistaken, as to occafion a criticism, which, upon fecond thoughts, you would wish to alter or retract. My partiality, perhaps, may lead me to think, that this remark is applicable to fome parts of your criticism on my Obfervations on the Blood. I fhall beg leave to point out a few paffages in which, I apprehend, you have mistaken my meaning, as well as that of Mr. Hewfon, whose theory of fizy blood I have animadverted upon.

The firft paffage I shall take notice of is that, in which you reprefent me as allowing the fundamental principle of Mr. Hewton's theory, and mistaking the meaning of his terms: "This" (Mr. Hewfon's) "doctrine is, that inflammation, inftead of increafing, leffens the difpofition of blood to coagulate, and instead of thickening, thins it, at least its coagulable part. And Mr. Hey, instead of controverting this fundamental principle, admits as a fact, that the furface of blood which is about to form a cruft of fize, remains much longer fluid, than that of blood in different circumstances. So far, then, they agree; but Mr. Hewfon fuppofes, that what floats on the furface of fuch blood is coagulable lymph, attenuated by the increased action of the blood veffels: whereas Mr. Hey contends, that it is coagulable lymph diluted with ferum. We must own, that the fet of experiments which Mr. Hey produces here, to prove (what nobody would doubt) that the fizy cruft of blood really contains a watery or ferous part, does not feem to us at all conclufive against the opinion of Mr. Hewfon, who, by using the term attenuated, certainly

meant to convey the idea of its being of a dilute or aqueous confift ence. The cause here may be different; but the effect, as far as difcoverable by experiment, will certainly be the fame; dilution and attenuation being qualities not diftinguishable, as we imagine, by common fenfible tefts." Monthly Review, November, p. 341.

From feveral parts of Mr. Hewfon's Experimental Inquiry it ap pears, that by the term coagulable lymph, Mr. Hewfon meant, that part of the blood which gives folidity to the craffamentum, and retains a folid form when feparated from the ferum and red globules. As p. 6. "The craffamentum confills of two parts, of which one gives it folidity, and is termed the coagulable lymph; and of another, which gives the red colour to the blood, and is called the red globules. Thefe two parts can be feparated by wafhing the craffamentum in water, the red particles diffolving in the water, whilft the coagulable lymph remains felid." And again, p. 106. "We fometimes fee almoit the whole coagulable lymph collected at the top, forming a firm cruft, which being free from the ferum, as well as from the globules, contracts the furface into a hollow form:" though fometimes "there is not time for its being feparated from the ferum, of which it therefore contains a confiderable quantity, and is of course more fpongy and cellular."-In this laft fentence, the coagulable lymph is as clearly diftinguished from the ferum which it contains in forming the white cruft; as in the former it is diftinguished from the red globules, with which it unites to form the craffamentum. I have followed Mr. Hewfon in ufing the term in this ftrict and proper fenfe, though both of us have fometimes ufed it in a more lax way, for the white cruft itself found upon the craffamentum.

By the term attenuation, Mr. Hewfon meant to exprefs the approach of a fubitance towards the itate of perfect Auidity by an alteration made in the fubftance itself; by dilution, the approach towards perfect fluidity, by the addition of fome other fubftance of greater tenuity. When Mr. Hewfon afferts, that the coagulable lymph is attenuated by inflammation, he does not mean to fay, that inflammation caufes the lymph to be of a more dilute or aqueous confiftence than ufual, by the addition of ferum, or any other fluid of greater tenuity than itself; for he exprefly fays, that "the whole mafs of blood feems to be thinner than the ferum alone; or, that the coagulable lymph feems to be fo much attenuated in these cafes, as even to dilute the ferum." P. 55. But his meaning plainly is,

On the contrary, Mr. Hewfon declares his opinion to be, that the more atteuated the coagulable lymph is, the lefs dilute is its confiftence after coagulation. "The fize is fometimes very firm, and at other times ipongy and cellalar; thele differences in its denfity are, I fufpect, in proportion to the degree of attenuation and leffened difpofition of the blood to coagulate; for the more the lymph is attenuated, and the flower it coagulare, the more will the film be able to feparate it from the red globules and the ferum; thence perhaps it is, that we fometimes fee the whole coagulable lymph collected at the top, forming a firm cruft, &c. But when the bloo has its difpofition to coagulate lefs diminished-then-the lymph-contains a confiderable quantity of ferum, and is of courie more spongy aud celular." P. 105, 106.

It is certain likewife, that Mr. Hewfon did not think that the coagulable lymph was rendered thin, in its fluid flate, by the admixture of ferum; because he expressly fays, that the coagulable lymph, when attenuated, diluted the ferum. P. 55. that

that inflammation increafes the tenuity of the lymph, while circulating in the veffels, by altering its properties, and that this tenuity remains for fome time after the blood is let out of the veffels, previously to its coagulation.

The force of Mr. Hewfon's arguments, which are drawn from the properties of the fluid obferved upon the furface of blood, when a white cruft is about to be formed, depends entirely upon the fuppofition, that this fluid is coagulable lymph. My experiments have, therefore, in the plaineft manner fhewn thefe arguments to be inconclufive, by fhewing that the fluid is not coagulable lymph; but that fometimes, and fometimes pear of it are fomething else, viz. ferum. Indeed, it is needlefs to attend to any arguments, which are defigned to prove that this fluid is thinner than ferum, as Mr. Hewfon afferts; fince the teftimony of the fenfes will foon convince any one of the contrary, who will give himself the trouble of examining it.

Your next paragraph relates to an inconfiftency into which you fuppofe I have fallen by afferting, that the blood may, at the fame time, have an increafed proportion of coagulable lymph and ferum. "How these two oppofite principles in the blood (one giving it denfity, and the other tenuity) can both be augmented at the fame time, and from the fame caufe, we own ourfelves at a lofs to conceive." Review, P. 342.

I have no where faid, that the coagulable lymph and ferum are increased by the fame caufe; on the contrary, I have expressly attributed their increafe to different caufes, as in the following paffages: That the proportion of coagulable lymph is increased by inflammation, will be allowed by all,' &c. Obf. on the Blood, p. 22. need not wonder, that the watery liquors, which are drunk plentifully in thefe diforders, fhould thin the blood.' Ib. p. 28.

• We

Neither have I said that it (viz. the fame thing) is at the fame time thicker and thinner. But I have faid, that the proportion of coagulable lymph and ferum are fometimes increased at the fame time; and I cannot fee the difficulty, either of conceiving the poffibility, or allowing the reality of this fact. Whenever we fee the craffamentum of a very firm texture, or covered with a strong buffy coat, and throwing off a great quantity of ferum, (which is the cafe in violent inflammatory diforders after repeated bleeding) then we fee the proportion of lymph and ferum increased at the fame time. And whenever this happens, the whole mafs of blood will look thin as it flows from the vein; though the craffamentum, by having more than its ufual proportion of coagulable lymph, will be of an increafed tenacity.

The laft part of your criticifm, which I fhall beg leave to take notice of, would have been obviated by comparing Mr. Hew fon's expreffions with mine, in our different accounts of the experiment made on the blood of flaughtered theep. You would not, I think, have imagined, that our difference might arife in part, from the ambiguous ufe of a term. "One caufe of fallacy, indeed, we difcern, in the different idea annexed to the term coagulation. Mr. Hey obferves, that the last blood was more vifcid as it flowed, though it was the longest in coagulating completely. Now vifcidity differs only in

degree

degree from coagulation, and therefore this might appear to Mr. Hewfon as a very speedy, though incomplete coagulation." Review, P. 342. The following comparison of our defcriptions of the laft ftage of the experiment will fet this matter in its true light:

1.

Mr. Hewfon fays, "The blood-which flowed when the animal became very weak, was quite fluid as it came from the vellels. Exp. In. 70.

My account runs thus, 1. "That blood which flowed last appeared the moft vifcid; or, Suffered a partial coagulation as it flowed. Obf. p. 28.

2. "Yet was the latest in co

2. Yet had hardly been re ceived into the cup before it con-agulating completely, and had the gealed-And-coagulated in an in- fofteft craffamentum." Ib. ftant after it once began." Ib. 71.

So that, whatever was the caufe, "the refults" of our experiment, as you oblerve, were directly contrary" to each other.

The defign of my little effay has led me to take notice of the opinions of feveral authors whom I respect; but I have aimed at doing this with fuch candour as I wish to experience from others. From fome excellent writings, and a fhort perfonal acquaintance, I judged Mr. Hewson to be a perfon of great ingenuity and industry and I fincerely join with you in thinking, that experimental philofophy fustained a great lofs by his death.

Before I conclude this letter, permit me to offer one query for your confideration, Whether it does not tend to caft obfcurity on the theory of fizy blood, to speak of a change in the nature of the coagulable lymph, as a thing diftinct from a change in its quantity? For if the proper definition of coagulable lymph be, that which gives tenacity to the craffamentum, and retains a folid form, when Separated from the other conftituent parts of the blood; it plainly follows, that when there is no tenacity in the craffamentum, nor any thing in the blood that retains a folid form after the feparation of the ferum and red globules, there is then no coagulable lymph. It is furely very unphilofophical to fay, that the coagulable lymph, in fuch a cafe, remains undiminished, but has changed its properties; for the idea we have of this fubftance is, that of fomething exhibiting thefe properties. I am, Gentlemen, your obedient humble fervant, WILLIAM HEY.

Leeds, Jan. 27, 1780.

•.• The receipt of a letter figned Juftus is acknowledged; the Writer has our thanks for his hints; but we have no thoughts, at prefent, of printing a General Index to our monthly collections: fee the last page of our Review for February. If any gentleman, or bookfeller, chufes to rifk a publication of that kind, we fhall be far from oppofing the defign; and any affistance that we can lend toward carrying it into execution, may be depended on,-provided the plan be fuch as we can approve.

††† A. Z. recommends to our notice a publication entitled, The Reflitution of all Things, by J. White. As we have not feen this piece advertised, we are at a lofs where to enquire for a copy of it.

THE

MONTHLY REVIEW,

For APRIL, 1780.

ART. I. Conclufion of our Review of the new Edition of Shakspeare, by Steevens, &c. See Review for January.

WE

E now fit down to fulfil our engagement to the Public by prefenting them with such extracts from the annotations on Shakspeare, as, we prefume, cannot fail of proving fatisfactory to the admirers of that illuftrious Bard.

In the firft Scene, Act II. of the Tempeft, Profpero fays to Ferdinand,

" for I

"Have given you a third of my own life."

Mr. Theobald was diffatisfied with the reading, and altered the text, by fubftituting thread for third. Dr. Johnson restored the old reading, and apprehends that Profpero, by calling his daughter Miranda "a third of his own life," alludes to fome logical diftinétion of caufes, making her the final cause. Though this conjecture (fays Mr. Hawkins) be very ingenious, I cannot think the poet had any fuch idea in his mind. The word thread was formerly fpelt third, as appears from the following paffage in the comedy of Mucidorus (1619):

"Long maift thou live, and when the fifters fhall decree "To cut in twain the twisted third of life

"Then let him die," &c.

Mr. Tollet adopts Mr. Theobald's emendation, and observes, that Profpero confiders himself as the flock or parent-tree, and his daughter as a fibre or portion of himself, and for whofe benefit he himself lives. In this fenfe the word is used in Markham's English Husbandman (1635) "Every branch and third of the root," &c. Mr. Steevens confirms Mr. Hawkins's obfervation concerning the ancient method of fpelling the word thread, by a curious quotation from an old poem, entitled, Lingua, published in 1607:

VOL. LXII.

S

"For