Chanticleer-Cruelty to Animals 135. Distinction between Ancient and Modern Free-thinkers-The latter how to be treat- ed-Anecdote of a French Officer 136. History of Tom Varnish-Petitioners for 137. Various abuses of Speech-Swearing-De- parture of the Duke of Marlborough, &c. 138. Deference to the Opinion of the World- Gyges' Ring-Actions of Public Spirits- 140. Letters on a charitable Provision for poor Boys-Cicero's Defence of Archias-Use of the Term, Madam-Indecorums at Church-From an Inquisitive Lady 141. Education of Girls-Whetters--Noisy Neighbours-Letter from a Valentine- Petition of the Inhabitants of Gotham 142. Political Anxiety--Recommendation of 143 Sister Jenny appears in her own Chariot- The Author's Letter to her Husband- Provision for Pastorals-Public Impostors 144. Prevalence of Extravagance and Show- Change of Manners in Scotland. 145. Complaint against the Oglers-Angel at the Addison. 147. Juno's method to regain Jupiter's Affection 148. On the Diet of the Metropolis-Pernicious good-natured Man-Characters of Mar- 178. On Don Quixote-The Upholsterer at the 179. Letter on the Construction of a Green-house 180. Injustice of not paying Tradesmen-Of 181. On the Death of Friends-Of the Author's 182. Pleasures of the Theatre-Characters of 183. Decay of Public Spirit-Character of Regulus 184. On Marriage, and the customary Ceremo 185. Cruelty of Parents thwarting the Inclina- tions of their Children in love-Story of 186. Characteristics of Vanity, Pride, and Ambi- tion-Correspondents' Neglect of Postage 187. Pasquin of Rome, his Letters to the 'Author 188. Letter on a Green-house--From Rustic- Character of Desdemona--Of Bullock and 189. An example of Judicious Education-Cha- racter of Sam Bickerstaff and his Family 190. Party writing-Answer to Pasquin's Let- ter-A Law Case-Letter to the king of 191. Mischief of making Vice commendable- Character of Polypragmon-Lee's Alex- 192. Characters in a Stage-coach-Anecdote of Addison. Steele. 194. Passage from Spenser transposed 149. Ill-natured Husbands-Three Letters of 152 Homer's Description of a future State 153. Characters in Conversation described as In- 154. Virgil's Allegory and Ideas of a future State 199. Remarks on the same-On Marriage Settle- 200. Letter from a Lady in doubt between two Lovers-Plan for raising the Fortunes of 201. Faults of the Women attributable to the Men-Letters from Lovers-Benefit Plays -Advertisement from the Trumpet On unreasonable Expectations--On Heroic Account of the Drawing of the Lottery- Letter from the owner of a Green-house 161. Dream of the Region of Liberty 12. Duty of a Censor-How performed by the Author-Subscriptions for the Tatler 153. Critical reading of Ned Softly's Poetry 166. Rules of Visiting-Character of Tom Mode- ly-Notice of a Pastoral Masque, &c. . 167. Funeral and Character of Mr. Betterton the 108. Characters of Impudence and Absurdity- 169. On the Evils of Drinking-Character of a Country Gentleman-Letter from F. Bick- 170. Vicissitudes of human Life-Visit to the Lottery Office-Advertisement of a Heart 171. Origin of Honour and Title-Behaviour of the Indian Kings-Impertinence of Mi- 172. Mischiefs arising from Passion-Story of 173. Errors in Education-Character of Horace Steele. Fuller. 206. On Esteein-Character of Jack Gainly, and his Sister Gatty-Of Flavia and Lucia Steele. 207. Conduct of the Author's three Nephews to a Female Visitor-Character of a Gentle- man-Letter from a Lottery Adventurer 208. On injudicious civil People-Character of 209. Scene between Alexander the Great and his Physician proposed to a Historical Painter 210. Visit to a Censorious Lady of Quality- Letter from an old maid-Continental In- 211. Uses of Sunday-On Devotion 212. On Simplicity of Ornament-Letters on an Ass in the Lion's Skin-From a Vir- 213. On Dissimulation and Simulation-Tom Trueman, a Hero in Domestic Life 214. On the Rigid and the Supple-Account of a 215. Account of a Flatterer-And a common Jester-Case of a Widow-Petition of the 253. Journal of the Court of Honour Addison and Steele. 254. Sir John Mandeville's account of the Freez- ing and Thawing of several Speeches. Addison and Steele. 258. Letter on the use of the Phrase, North On A Person of Quality-A Lady invested 259. Journal of the Court of Honour. Addison and 260. Essay on Noses-Skill of Taliacotius 261. Plan for the Encouragement of Wedlock— Instance of Public Spirit-Celamico's Will 262. Journal of the Court of Honour Addison and 263. On the different hours kept in Modern Times 254. On tedious Talkers and Story-tellers 265. Journal of the Court of Honour Addison and 266. Fantastic Passion of two old Ladies-Sam 242. On Raillery and Satire-Horace and Juvenal 243. Adventures of the Author when invisible Addison. 270. Letter on the Dress of Tradesmen-Petition of Ralph Nab, the Hatter-Of Elizabeth Slender, Spinster-Letter to Mr. Ralph 271. Conclusion, Design of the work, and Ac- ORIGINAL DEDICATIONS. VOLUME THE FIRST. TO MR. MAYNWARING.* SIR,-The state of conversation and business of the town, that these Lucubrations were writin this town having been long perplexed with ten by the same hand with the first works which Pretenders in both kinds; in order to open were published under my name; but, before I men's eyes against such abuses, it appeared no lost the participation of that author's fame, I unprofitable undertaking to publish a Paper, had already found the advantage of his authori which should observe upon the manners of the ty, to which I owe the sudden acceptance which pleasurable, as well as the busy part of man-my labours met with in the world. kind. To make this generally read, it seemed the most proper method to form it by way of a letter of intelligence, consisting of such parts as might gratify the curiosity of persons of all conditions, and of each sex. But a work of this nature requiring time to grow into the notice of the world, it happened very luckily, that, a little before I had resolved upon this design, a gentleman had written predictions, and two or three other pieces in my name, which rendered it famous through all parts of Europe; and, by an inimitable spirit and humour, raised it to as high a pitch of reputation as it could possibly arrive at. By this good fortune, the name of Isaac Bickerstaff gained an audience of all who had any taste of wit; and the addition of the ordinary occurrences of common Journals of News brought in a multitude of other readers. I could not, I confess, long keep up the opinion * Arthur Maynwaring, Esq. The general purpose of this Paper is to expose the false arts of life, to pull off the disguises of cunning, vanity, and affectation, and to recommend a general simplicity in our dress, our discourse, and our behaviour. No man has a better judgment for the discovery, or a nobler spirit for the contempt of all imposture, than yourself; which qualities render you the most proper patron for the author of these Essays. In the general, the design, however executed, has met with so great success, that there is hardly a name now eminent among us for power, wit, beauty, valour, or wisdom, which is not subscribed for the encouragement of these volThis is, indeed, an honour, for which it umes. is impossible to express a suitable gratitude; and there is nothing could be an addition to the pleasure I take in it but the reflection, that it gives me the most conspicuous occasion I can ever have, of subscribing myself, Sir, Your most obliged, most obedient, and most humble servant, ISAAC BICKERSTAFF. VOLUME THE SECOND. TO EDWARD WORTLEY MONTAGUE, ESQ*. SIR-When I send you this volume, I am | many of their excellences, which I had not obrather to make you a request than a Dedication. served until you pointed them to me. I am I must desire, that if you think fit to throw very proud that there are some things in these away any moments on it, you would not do it papers which I know you pardon ;* and it is after reading those excellent pieces with which no small pleasure to have one's labours sufferyou are usually conversant. The images which ed by the judgment of a man, who so well you will meet with here, will be very faint, understands the true charms of eloquence and But I direct this address to you; not after the perusal of the Greeks and Romans, who are your ordinary companions. I must that I think I can entertain you with my writ confess I am obliged to you for the taste of ings, but to thank you for the new delight I * Second son of the Hon, lady Wortley Montague, and grandson of Edward Montague, the first Earl of Sandwich poesy. *This seems to amount to a declaration that E. Wortley Montague, Esq. was.himself a writer in these pa pers. have, from your conversation, in those of other men. May you enjoy a long continuance of the true relish of the happiness heaven has bestowed upon you! I know not how to say a more affectionate thing to you, than to wish that you may be always what you are; and that you may ever VOLUME THE THIRD. TO THE RIGHT HON. WILLIAM LORD COWPER, BARON OF WINGHAM. MY LORD,-After having long celebrated the | you, but I shall behold you, as lately, defending superior graces and excellences, among men, the brave and the unfortunate.* in an imaginary character, I do myself the honour to show my veneration for transcendent merit under my own name, in this address to your lordship. The just application of those high accomplishments of which you are master, has been an advantage to all your fellow-sub jects; and it is from the common obligation you have laid upon all the world, that I, though a private man, can pretend to be affected with, or take the liberty to acknowledge, your great talents and public virtues. When we attend to your lordship engaged in a discourse, we cannot but reflect upon the many requisites which the vain-glorious speakers of antiquity have demanded in a man who is to excel in oratory; I say, my lord, when we reflect upon the precepts by viewing the example, though there is no excellence proposed by those rhetoricians wanting, the whole art seems to be resolved into that one motive of speaking, sincerity in the intention. The graceful manner, the apt gesture, and the assumed concern, It gives a pleasing prospect to your friends, are impotent helps to persuasion, in comparison that is to say, to the friends of your country, of the honest countenance of him who utters that you have passed through the highest offices, what he really means. From whence it is, that at an age when others usually do but form to all the beauties which others attain with labour, themselves the hopes of them. They may ex-are in your lordship but the natural effects of pect to see you in the house of lords as many years as you were ascending to it. It is our common good, that your admirable eloquence can now no longer be employed, but in the expression of your own sentiments and judgment. If these gifts were communicated to all men The skilful pleader is now for ever changed in proportion to the truth and ardour of their into the just judge; which latter character your hearts, I should speak of you with the same lordship exerts with so prevailing an impar- force as you express yourself on any other subtiality, that you win the approbation even ofject. But I resist my present impulse, as agreethose who dissent from you, and you always obtain favour, because you are never moved by it. This gives you a certain dignity peculiar to your present situation, and makes the equity, even of a lord high chancellor, appear but a degree towards the magnanimity of a peer of Great Britain. Forgive me, my lord, when I cannot conceal from you, that I shall never hereafter behold the heart that dictates. It is this noble simplicity, which makes you surpass mankind in the faculties wherein mankind are distinguished from other creatures, reason and speech. able as it is to me; though, indeed, had I any *The duke of Marlborough. VOLUME THE FOURTH. TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE CHARLES, LORD HALIFAX. From the Hovel at Hamptonwick, a certain vanity, in dating from this little covert, where I have frequently had the honour of your lordship's company, and received from you very many obligations. The elegant solitude of this greater integrity in the despatch of business. Your own studies have been diverted from being the highest ornament, to the highest use to man place, and the greatest pleasures of it, I owe to its being so near those beautiful manors wherein you sometimes reside. It is not retiring from the world, but enjoying its most valuable bless-kind; and the capacities which would have renings, when a man is permitted to share in your lordship's conversations in the country. All the bright images which the wits of past ages have left behind them in their writings, the noble plans which the greatest statesmen have laid down for administration of affairs, are equally the familiar objects of your knowledge. But what is peculiar to your lordship above all the illustrious personages that have appeared in any age, is, that wit and learning have from your example fallen into a new era. Your patronage has produced those arts, which before shunned the commerce of the world, into the service of life; and it is to you we owe, that the man of wit has turned himself to be a man of business. The false delicacy of men of genius, and the objections which others were apt to insingate against their abilities for entering into affairs have equally vanished. And experience has shown, that men of letters are not only qualified with a greater capacity, but also a dered you the greatest poet of your age, have, PREFACE TO THE OCTAVO EDITION, 1710. tleman, who will be nameless, to thank for any frequent assistance to me, which indeed it would have been barbarous in him to have denied to one with whom he has lived in an intimacy from childhood, considering the great ease with which he is able to despatch the most entertaining pieces of this nature. This good office he performed with such force of genius, humour, wit, and learning, that I fared like a distressed prince, who calls in a powerful neighbour to his aid; I was undone by my auxiliary; when I had once called him in, I could not subsist without dependence on him. In the last Tatler I promised some explana- | ceived by the public. But I have only one gention of passages and persons mentioned in this work, as well as some account of the assistances I have had in the performance. I shall do this in very few words; for when a man has no design but to speak plain truth, he may say a great deal in a very narrow compass. I have, in the dedication of the first volume, made my acknowledgments to Dr. Swift, whose pleasant writings, in the name of Bickerstaff, created an inclination in the town towards any thing that could appear in the same disguise. I must acknow. ledge also, that, at my first entering upon this work, a certain uncommon way of thinking, and a turn in conversation peculiar to that agreeable gentleman, rendered his company very advantageous to one whose imagination was to be continually employed upon obvious and common subjects, though, at the same time, obliged to treat of them in a new and unbeaten method. His verses on the Shower in Town,' and the Description of the Morning,' are instances of the happiness of that genius, which could raise such pleasing ideas upon occasions so barren to an ordinary invention. The same hand writ the distinguishing characters of men and women under the names of 'Musical Instruments,' 'The Distress of the News-writers,' The Inventory of the Playhouse,' and 'The description of the Thermometer,' which I cannot but look upon as the greatest embellishments of this work. Thus far I thought necessary to say relating to the great hands which have been concerned in these volumes, with relation to the spirit and genius of the work; and am far from pretendWhen I am upon the house of Bickerstaff, I ing to modesty in making this acknowledgment. must not forget that genealogy of the family What a man obtains from the good opinion and sent to me by the post, and written, as I since friendship of worthy men, is a much greater understand, by Mr. Twisden, who died at the honour than he can possibly reap from any acbattle of Mons, and has a monument in West-complishments of his own. But all the credit minster abbey, suitable to the respect which is of wit which was given me by the gentlemen due to his wit and his valour. There are through above-mentioned, with whom I have now acthe course of the work, very many incidents counted, has not been able to atone for the exwhich were written by unknown correspond- ceptions made against me for some raillery in ents. Of this kind is the tale in the second behalf of that learned advocate for the episcoTatler, and the epistle from Mr. Downes the pacy of the church, and the liberty of the peoprompter, with others which were very well re-ple, Mr. Hoadly. I mentioned this only to de B |