and ML, with the date 1653, are quite legible. The device shows a tressured shield; the Brown arms, a chevron between three fleurs-de-lis, appearing on the dexter side, a saltire with a rose completing the bearings.

The larger stone, on the right, is much worn, but bears many traces of its original elegance and fine proportions. Thoroughly Jacobean in

feeling, and displaying arms on a shield now undecipherable, this, in its prime, must have been the most imposing monument in this churchyard. There is no date or inscription visible, and the only trace of symbolism remaining is the death-head and cross-bones device which appears beneath the heavy moulded base.

Those familiar with Monteith's Theatre of Mortality may recollect a

remarkable epitaph which that authority (p. 263, Macvean's edition) attributes to the West Churchyard of Tranent. On account of its character, this uncouth rhyme has been circulated very freely, and many have visited the ground in order to make direct acquaintance with it. But it is nowhere to be seen; and it is vain to surmise on which of the worn old monuments it was graven. As given by Monteith, it has a flavour all its own, and is worthy of reproduction among these notes of the quaint sculptures which may have been its contemporaries:

III.

BOYAMUND'S VALUATION OF ECCLESIASTICAL BENEFICES IN THE ARCHDEACONRY OF LOTHIAN (1274-1275): WITH AN ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE MORE DIFFICULT PLACE-NAMES IN THE ACCOUNTS FOR THE SECOND YEAR (1275-1276). BY THE RIGHT REV. JOHN DOWDEN, D.D., LL.D., VICE-PRESIDENT S.A. (Scot.).

The photographs (recently procured by the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland from the Vatican) of the ancient copy of a paper book containing a large part of the accounts of the payments made to Boyamund by certain of the ecclesiastics of Scotland under the name of "the tithe of the Holy Land" (1274-1276) enable us to correct the print of Theiner's Monumenta (pp. 109-116) in several particulars. They also reveal that the curious forms of the place-names are, in the great majority of instances, due not to the carelessness of Theiner's reproduction, but almost certainly to the misreadings of the copyist who gave us the document as preserved in the Vatican archives.*

I. It may first be desirable to notice the errors of Theiner. These may be classed under three heads: (1) errors of omission; (2) unquestionable errors due to misreadings; (3) probable misreadings, by which I mean readings which give the text, when it may conceivably be read in two different ways, in the way which knowledge of Scottish topography renders less likely to be correct.

I have noted the following in that part of the document with which I am dealing in this paper, viz. the opening pages, recording the tithe of the churches in the Archdeaconry of Lothian.

(1) The omissions are few and unimportant: (a) 'pro' should be inserted before 'primo anno' in line 12 of Theiner (No. cclxiv.); (b) 'Vicarius de Erteldon . . . ij Marc.' should be inserted between 'Vicarius de Loghorvert' and 'Vicarius de Graniston.' But Theiner

*See a paper by the writer in vol. xxxix. of the Proceedings of the Society, pp. 379-386.

seems to have noticed the omission, and he inserts Vicarius de Erteldon' in another place, last but one at the foot of the list.

(2) Theiner's own misreadings are more numerous: (a) in the general summation of the tithe of all Scotland as here represented (line 6 of Theiner's print), 'flor.' (florins) should be read sol.' (shillings); (b) for 'Bolhans' read 'Bothans'; (c) for 'lynlitheu' read 'lynlithcu'; (d) for 'Genilif' read 'Grenilif'. But errors of this kind occur chiefly in the second year's accounts. They are dealt with at the close of the present paper.

(3) Errors of the third class are much more frequent. As we print below the correct text, it is unnecessary to enumerate them; but they are easily accounted for by the mistaking of one letter for another which resembled it in script. One or two illustrations may be given.

The Mearns (Kincardineshire) appears in the MS. as 'M[er]nis'. Theiner reads the n as u; and printing the u as v (which, by the way, is too frequent a practice of Theiner) gives us the puzzling word 'Mervis'. 'Smalberme' (Theiner) may more easily be read Smalhame'. (Theiner) may as easily be read 'Fordun'.

'Fordim

The scribe who wrote the document in the Vatican made very many errors of this kind, and Theiner, when dealing with the scribe's copy, made a few. Errors of both kinds are indicated in the notes on the names of churches. These remarks apply chiefly to the accounts of the first year. In the second year's accounts the transformations of the place names are more numerous and more grotesque.

II. In the notes, I have added in many cases, for the sake of comparison, two other valuations of the churches in the Archdeaconry of Lothian. The first is the valuation recorded in the register of the Priory of St Andrews (pp. 28-32 of the Bannatyne Club edition). Its date is unfortunately uncertain. But it is generally admitted to exhibit the Antiqua Taxatio, which, in most cases, was considerably below the verus valor, as taken on oath, for Boyamund's tithe. References to this old valuation are cited as from A.

There is preserved among the manuscript treasures of Durham a Taxation of ecclesiastical benefices in the south of Scotland for papal tenths (nominally in subsidium Terræ Sanctæ). Pope Nicholas IV., on 10th January in the second year of his pontificate (i.e. 10th January 1290), issued a bull to King Edward I. of England, conceding to him, per certi temporis spatium, the Holy Land tenths from ecclesiastical revenues in the kingdoms of England and Scotland, and in Ireland and Wales. The original bull is in the chapter-house at Westminster, and the text is printed by the Surtees Society in vol. xii. (on the Priory of Coldingham, pp. cviii-cxvii). The Prior of Coldingham was appointed collector in the Archdeaconry of Lothian. The date of this valuation may be fixed as between 1290 and 1295, or about twenty years later than Boyamund's valuation. Like Boyamund's valuation, it professes to give

the verus valor. I cite it as D. The document before us I cite as B.

In the notes, I have attempted, when the valuation of a vicarage is given, to fix the monastery or other holder of the rectory or rectorial revenues. The study of this document leaves a vivid impression of the extent to which parochial revenues were (even in the 13th century) diverted to the support of the monasteries, and of the small payments allowed to the vicars or working parish clergy.

It will be observed that in this list, professedly of churches in the Archdeaconry of Lothian, we find occasionally returns from churches and monasteries north of the Forth. The returns from monasteries elsewhere may be for property in the Archdeaconry, but it is not so easy to account for the occasional appearance of parish churches outside the bounds of the Archdeaconry.

I.

Collectio decime terre sancte in archidiaconatu laodonie Episcopatus sancti andree apud Kelcon per magistrum Boyamundum pro termino nat. domini anno m.cc.lxx. quatuor et beati Johannis baptiste anno m.cc.lxxv. videlicet pro primo anno solutionis.

1 Kelcou (u mistaken for n), i.e. Kelso.