“ bI shall only observe, that as soon as this dif“ course against Philip was begun, one of those mer“ cenaries rose, upand cried out,What a blessed thing is

peace! How difficult to support great armies ! Our

treasury is in danger : and they amuse you with “ such discourses, by which they cool your zeal, and

give Philip an opportunity of effecting his purposes " without difficulty. , . But it is not you who are to " be persuaded to peace; you, I say, who being al

ready but too much influenced that way, loiter " here in indolence; 'tis that man who breathes no

thing but war.... Besides, we ought not to con“ sider what is employed for our safety as a hardship, “ but that which we shall suffer in case we neglect to “ secure ourselves in time. As to the squandering of the “ publick monies, this must be remedied by proposing “the best means of preventing it for the future, and “not by persuading you to abandon entirely your own

« interest.

" As to myself, gentlemen, I am filled with indig"nation to see some of you make such a noise about

squandering the publick funds, (which may be rec"tified by punishing the offenders in an exemplary “ manner) because their private interest suffers by it'; " and not say one word, at the same time, of Philip, “ who plunders all Greece successively, and that to

your prejudice. Whence can it proceed, gentle

men, that while Philip is displaying his banners in " the face of the whole world, committing violences " and seizing fortresses; none of these people has ever

thought fit to say, that man acts unjustly, and commits hostilities? And that when you are advised not to suffer such outrages, but to put a stop to them,

very people cry out immediately, that you are going to kindle the flames of a war which were extinguished.

“ What! shall we say again, that to advise you to “ defend yourselves, is kindling a war? If that be

• Towards the end of the barangue.

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the case, then there is nothing but slavery for you, C For there is no other medium, if we neglect on the one hand to repel violence; and, on the other, the senemy will not grant us a truce. Our danger too

differs very much from that of the other Greeks ; for Philip will not be barely satisfied with enslaving Athens, he will destroy it; for he knows very well you will never submit to slavery, and that, though you would do this, you never could, for command

and authority are habitual to you; and besides, you « will be capable of giving him more trouble and ops position than all the rest of the Greeks united,

whenever you shall think fit to lay hold of any ocscafion to throw off the yoke. It must then be laid

down as a certain maxim, that our whole fortune is at stake, and that you cannot too much abhor the ç mercenaries who have sold themselves to this man; « for it is not possible, no it is not, to vanquish your ç foreign enemies, till you have chastised your domes“ tic foes, who are his pensioners; so that, whilst you will bulge against those as against fo many

rocks, you will never attempt to act against the others, till it be too late.

FROM THE THIRD PHILIPPIC. « Make this reflection, I beseech you: you think "the privilege of saying any thing is so inherent in ce

every man who breathes the air of Athens, that you “ suffer foreigners and slaves to deliver their thoughts

on every subject; infomuch that servants are here " indulged a greater liberty in that particular than ci6 tizens in some other commonwealths. 'Tis from “ the Roftra only, that the freedom of speech is de

Hence it is that you are grown so unaccountably haughty in your assemblies, and so diffi“cult to be pleased. You would always be Aattered " in them, and hear nothing but what fooths you: 4 and 'tis this pride and delicacy have brought you

6C nied.

« to the brink of destruction. If then you remain

still in the same disposition, I have nothing to do « but to be filent. But if you can prevail with your “ felves to liften to what is for your advantage with

out flattery, I am ready to speak. For notwith“ standing the deplorable condition of our affairs, " and the several losses we have fuftained through our

neglect, they yet may be retrieved, provided you “ determine to act as you ought in duty.

“ You know, that whatever the Greeks fuffered e from the Lacedæmonians or from us, they suffered

by those who were Greeks as well as themselves; « so that we may compare our faults to those of a “ fon, who being born in a rich family, should err against some maxim of good oeconomy.

Such a “ fon would justly deserve the reproachful name of a

squanderer ; but it could not be justly asserted, that « he had seized upon another man's right, or that he

was not the lawful heir. But if a slave, or a suppo« fititious child would seize an estate he had no man

ner of title to, just heavens! would not such an

enormity raise the whole world against him? and “ would not they cry out with one voice, that it de“ served exemplary punishment? But we do not con“ sider Philip and his present conduct in that light.

Philip, who, besides his not being a Greek, is no

ways allied to the Greeks by any kind of relation,
" and is not distinguished even amongst the Barbarians

by any thing but his being denominated from the
contemptible place whence he comes; and being a
wretched Macedonian by his birth, came into the

world in a corner whence we never buy even a good
“ Nave. Notwithstanding this, does he not treat you

with the utmost indignity? Is it not arrived at it's
highest pitch ? Not content, &c."

The Extraits which follow, being taken from the
orations of Æfchines and Demoithenes de Corona, it
will be necessary to give the reader some idea of the
subject. This Cicero informs us of in his prcamble

which is not to overthrow and carry away every thing, as it were, by main force; but to affect and soften, by insinuating itself gently into the most inward receffes of the auditors hearts. These paffions are natural to those who are united in some strict union; a Prince and his subjects, a father and his children, a tutor and his pupils, a benefactor, and those who receive the effects of his beneficence. Those passions consist, with superiors who have been injured, in a certain character of mildness, goodness, humanity, and patience, which is without gall and bitterness ; can bear injuries, and forget them, and which cannot resist prayers and tears: and with the culpable, in a readiness in being made sensible of their faults

, acknowledging them, testifying their grief for them, humbling and submitting themselves, and giving all the satisfaction that can be desired. All this must be done after a plain and natural manner, without study and affectation; the air, the outward behaviour, the gesture, tone of voice, stile, and every thing, must rumque blandum & humanum & mens, incensum, in citatum, quo audientibus amabile acque jucun. caufæ eripiuntur : quod cùm ra. dum. In quo exprimendosumma pidè fertur, fuftineri nullo pacto virtus ea eft, uc fuere omnia ex poteft. Orat. n. 128. natura rerum hominumque vide- Non semper fortis oratio quæriantur, quo mores dicentis ex ora- sur, sed fæpe plac.da, fummilia, sione pelluceane & quodammodo lenis, quæ maximè commendat agnofcantur. Quod est line dubio reos ....Horum igitur exprimere inter conjunctas maximè personas, mores oratione, justos, integros, quoties perferimus, ignofcimus, fa- religiosos, timidos, perferentes intisfacimus, monemus, pror

eir

breathe something inexpressibly soft and tender, which proceeds from the heart, and goes directly to it. The manners of the person who speaks must Thew themfelves in his discourse without his observing it. 'Tis well known, that nothing is more amiable than fuch a character, not only for eloquence, but in the or

dinary commerce of life ; and we cannot prompt T:

youth too much to be attentive to it, to study and imitate it.

* We find a beautiful example of this in a homily of St. John Chryfoftom to the people of Antioch. As this paffage is very eloquent, and very fit to form the taste of youth, fuffer me to expatiate a little more upon it, than perhaps the matter I am now discusing requires ; and to make a kind of an analysis and epitome of it.

The Emperor Theodofius had sent some officers and soldiers to Antioch, in order to punish that rebellious city for a fedition, in which his own ftatues and those of his deceased confort Flaccilla were thrown down. Flavian, Bilhop of Antioch, notwithstanding the inclemency of the season, notwithstanding his very advanced age, and though his ífar

was dying when he left her, set out immediate's to molt implore that Prince's clemency in favour or nu ple. Being come to the palace

, and atimua mer the Emperor's presence, he no fooder EtZWE 128: Prince, but he amned at a distance, wint cons

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