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GALEA (Ant.) a light casque, headpiece, or morrion, coming down to the shoulders, the lower part of which was called the buccula, and the upper part the crista, or crest. It was made originally of skins, as the origin of the world itself bespeaks, being derived arò ris yaxing, i. e. from the cat or weasel; wherefore, in the Greek, the galea is called zuvin, when made of dog's skin, and auxin, if made of a wolf's skin: it was afterwards made of brass or iron. Varr. de Ling. Lat. 1. 4, c. 24; Diodor. 1. 5; Tacit. de Germ. c. 6; Plut. in Camil.; Plin. 1.7, c. 56; Isidor. Orig. 1. 18, c. 14; Scal. Conject. Varr. p. 56.

GALEA (Anat.) a name for the amnios, because it surrounds the fœtus like a helinet.

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GALEA (Med.) a sort of head-ache, so called because it surrounds the head after the manner of a helmet. GALEA (Surg.) a kind of bandage. Gal. de Fasc. GALEA (Bot.) the helmet or upper lip of a ringent corolla, so called from its shape.

GALEANTHRO'PIA (Med.) from yaxin, a cat, and repares, a man; a sort of madness in which the patient fancies himself to be a cat,

GALEA'RII (Ant.) the camp followers of an army. Veget. 1. 3, c. 9.

GALEA'SSE (Mar.) a low-built Venetian vessel with both sails and oars, which carries three masts, that cannot, however, be lowered as in a galley. It has 32 seats for rowers and three tier of guns at the head.

GALEGA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 17 Diadelphia, Order 4 Decandria.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved.-COR. papilionaceous.-STAM. filaments diadelphous; anthers oblong.-PIST. germ slender; styles slender; stigma a small dot at the end. PER. legume long; seeds

many.

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Species. The species are mostly perennials, as theGalega officinalis, Officinal Galega, or Goats' Rice.Galega Virginica, Erebinthus, seu Cicer.-Galega villosa, Cracca securiadaca, seu Coronella.—Galega maxima, seu Vicia, native of Ceylon; but the-Galega pulchella is an annual or biennial, and native of the Cape of Good Hope. Bauh. Hist.; Bauh. Pin.; Ger. Herb.; Park.

Theat.; Raii Hist.; Tourn. Inst.

GALEGA (Bot.) is also a species of the Eschynomene. GALEGE affinis (Bot.) the Cassia tora of Linnæus. GALE'NA (Min.) the ore of silver and lead. Plin. 1. 34, c. 16.

Galena is now the name of an ore formed by the combination of lead with sulphur.

GALE'NIC MEDICINE (Med.) a system of practice accommodated to the rules of Galen, who applied the virtues of roots and herbs in a very particular manner to the healing art.

GALENION (Med.) a cataplasm in which galena was an ingredient.

GALEO'BDOLON (Bot.) vide Galeopsis.
GA'LEON (Mar.) vide Galleon.

GALEO'PSIS (Bot.) yaxiovis, or Galeobdolon, yaλsóßdoλov,
a plant very similar to the nettle, both in its form and its
virtues. Dioscor. l. 4, c. 95; Plin. 1. 27, c. 29.
GALEOPSIS, in the Linnean system, a genus of plants, Class
14 Didynamia, Order 1 Gymnospermia.
Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved.-CoR. mo-
nopetalous.-STAM. filaments four; anthers roundish.-
PIST. germ quadrifid; style filiform; stigma bifid.-
PER. none; seeds four.

Species. The species are annuals, as the-Galeopsis ladanum sideritis, Ladanum, seu Lamium, Red Dead Nettle, or Nettle-Hemp, Narrow-leaved Allheal, or Ironwort.-Galeopsis villosa, Hairy Dead Nettle, or Hemp-leaved Dead Nettle.-Galeopsis tetra, seu Cannabis, Common Dead Nettle; but the Galeopsis galeobdon, seu Cardiaca, Yellow Dead Nettle, is a perennial,

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Dod. Pempt.; Bauh. Hist.; Bauh. Pin.; Park. Theat.; • Raii Hist.

GALEOPSIS is also another name for the Lamium. GALEO'TES (Zool.) a kind of lizards. Plin. 1. 29, c. 4. GALERICUM APONEUROTICON (Anat.) the tendinous expansion which lies over the pericranium. GA'LEUS (Ich.) a sort of fish now called the Dog-fish. GALEXIAS (Ich.) yadıžias, a sort of fish much valued by the Romans for its delicacy. Gal. de Alim. Fac... GA'LIA (Med.) a composition in which galls are an ingredient: and an aromatic galia in which there is musk. GALIO'PSIS (Bot.) vide Galeopsis.

GA'LIPOT (Nat.) a concreted juice from the fir, which consists of a rosin mixed with oil.

GA'LIUM (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 4 Telrandria, Order 1 Monogynia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth small.-COR. onepetalled.-STAM. filaments four; anthers simple.-PIST. germ twin; style filiform; stigmas globular.—PER. berries two; seeds solitary.

Species. The species are perennials and annuals: the following are the principal perennials; namely-Galium palustre, White Ladies'-Bed-straw.-Galium procumbens, seu Molluca, Trailing Ladies'-Bed-straw. Galium uliginosum, Aparine, seu Rubia, Marsh Ladies'-Bed-straw, native of Sweden.-Galium pusillum, seu Rubeola, Dwarf Ladies'-Bed-straw, native of Provence.-Galium verum, seu Gallion, Yellow Ladies'-Bed-straw.-Galium mollugo, Great Ladies'-Bed-straw.-Galium linifolium, Flax-leaved Ladies'-Bed-straw.-Galium rigidum, Rigid Ladies'-Bed-straw. The following are the principal annuals, as the-Galium trifidum, native of Denmark.Galium spurium, Corn Ladies'-Bed-straw.-Galium anglicum, English Ladies'-Bed-straw.-Galium viscosum, native of Tunis. Clus. Hist.; Dod. Pempt.; Bauh. Hist.; Bauh. Pin.; Ger. Herb.; Park, Theat.; Raii Hist.; Tourn. Inst.

GALIUM is also another name for the Asperula.
GALL (Anat.) a humour of the body, otherwise called the
Bile. [vide Bile]

GALL-BLADDER (Anat.) the Vesicula fellis, an oblong membranous receptacle which retains the bile that regurgitates from the hepatic duct.

GALL-FLY (Ent.) an insect, the Cynips of Linnæus, so called because it produces the excrescences of galls, found on the roots, branches, and leaves of trees. The larva is without feet, soft, and cylindrical, inhabiting the galls, and feeding on the juices of the tree. GA'LL-NUTS (Bot.) vide Galls. GA'LL-STONES (Med.) biliary concretions formed in the gall-bladder of animal bodies.

GALLATURA (Nat.) that part of the albumen of the egg which is of a denser substance than the rest, and is supposed to be a sign of fecundity in the generation of the chick.

GA'LLEAS (Mar.) vide Galeasse.
GALLED (Mar.) an epithet applied to a mast or rope
where the surface is rubbed.

GALLEON (Com.) the Spanish feet which conducted the
trade between Spain and South America.
GALLE'RIDAS (Ich.) a sort of fish; the same as the
Asellus.

GALLERY (Archit.) a kind of balcony that surrounds a house, or a passage leading to several apartments in a great house.

GALLERY (Fort.) a covered walk across the ditch of a besieged town.

GALLERY (Min.) any branch of a mine carried on towards any place. GALLERY (Mar.) an ornamental frame made on the outside of the stern.

GALLEY (Mar.) in French Galeasse, a kind of low flatbuilt vessel, which is managed with oars, particularly used in the Mediterranean. Whence a galley-slave, one condemned to work at the oar to which he is chained on board a galley.-Row-galley is an open boat, rowed by six or eight oars, which is used by the custom-house officers on

the Thames.

GALLEY, also the name of the kitchen in a vessel. GALLEY (Print.) a frame into which the compositor empties his stick as often as it is filled.

GALLEY-MEN (Com.) merchants of Genoa, formerly so called, who imported their goods in galleys. GALLEY-SLAVE (Polit.) one condemned to the punishment of the galleys.

GA'LLEY-WORM (Ent.) a hairy insect, so called because it resembles the oars of a galley.

GALL-FLY (Ent.) vide Gall.

gallop, according to the degree of velocity with which the horse goes. "To gallop united" is when the hind leg follows the foreleg of the same side. "To gallop false" is when the legs are disunited.

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GALLOPA'DE (Man.) a hand-gallop, in which a horse galloping upon one or two treads is well united. GALLOPER (Gunn.) a piece of ordnance of small caliber. GALLOWAY (Man.) a horse not more than fourteen hands highs, so called probably because it originally came from Galloway, a county in Scotland.

GALLOWS (Print.) a part of the stay of a carriage belonging to a printing press.

GALLOWS-BITS (Mar.) beams made in the form of a gallows to support the masts.

GALLS (Bot.) or Gall-nuts, excrescences produced by insects on oaks and other trees, which are used both in medicine, dying, and making ink.

GALLIA'MBIC verse (Poet.) verses so called from the Galli, GA'LLY-BANK (Archeol.) an iron crane in the chimney or priests of Cybele.

GALLIARD (Mus.) a kind of merry dance.

GALLIA'RDA (Mus.) the Italian name of a tune that belongs to a galliard.

GALLIC acid (Chem.) an acid procured from the gall-nuts of oak-trees.

GALLICAN (Ecc.) an epithet for what belongs to France, particularly for the church, or the united body of clergy in that kingdom, called the Gallican Church. GALLICISM (Gram.) an idiomatic form of speech peculiar to the French language.

GALLICUS morbus (Med.) another name for the Lues ve

nerea.

GALLIGASKINS (Archæol.) a sort of wide breeches formerly used by the inhabitants of Gascony in France, and so called from the caliga. [vide Caliga] GALLIHALFPENCE (Com.) a sort of coin brought into England by the Genoese merchants.

GALLINE (Orn.) the Fifth Order of the Class Aves, in the Linnean system, having the bill convex, the upper mandible arched and dilated at the edge over the lower; nostrils half covered with convex cartilaginous membrane; feet cleft, but connected at the innermost joint. [vide Animal Kingdom]

GALLINA GINIS Caput (Anat.) a caruncle or eminence in the urethra, near which the semen is excreted, from the seminal vessels into the urethra.

GALLINA'GO (Orn.) the Wood-Cock, the Scolopax rusticola of Linnæus.

GALLINA'RIA (Bot.) the Cassia Sophera of Linnæus. GA'LLING (Vet.) an excoriation, particularly of a horse's back, occasioned by heat, and the pinching of the saddle.

GALLINULE (Orn.) a sort of water-fowl, the Rallus porzgo of Linnæuş.

GALLIOT Max.): a small galley designed for chase.
GALLITRICHUM (B) vide Callitrichum.

GALLIVATSM): large rowing boats used in the East
Indies::

GALLIUM. (Bet.).another name for the Galium.
GALL NUT Bovide Galls.

GALLO (Com.) a silver money of the kingdom of Camboya, in the East Indies, weighing one mace five condorins Chi

nese.

GALLOGLASSES (Mil.) a corps of Irish cavalry, so called under the French monarchy.

GALLON (Com.) an English measure of capacity, both wet and dry, containing two pottles, or four quarts, or eight pints.

GALLO'ON (Com.) a thick and narrow kind of ferret, or lace made of wool, sometimes of thread.

GALLOP (Man.) the well known pace of a horse, which is of two kinds; namely, the hand gallop, or the full

to hang a pot on.

GALO'CHES (Archeol.) a kind of shoe worn by the Gauls in dirty weather, mentioned in the statutes. 14 & 15 H. 8, c. 9. GALOPI'NA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 4 Tetrandria, Order 1 Monogynia.

Generic Character. CAL. none.-COR. monopetalous.STAM. filaments four.-PIST. germ inferior; styles two; stigmas simple.-PER. none; seeds in pairs.

Species.

The single species is the Galopina circæoides, seu Athospernum, native of the Cape of Good Hope, an annual.

GA'LNES (Law) in the Scotch Law, any kind of satisfaction for murder or manslaughter. GALRE'DA (Med.) another name for a jelly. GALTRAP (Her.) vide Caltrap. GALVANIC (Elect.) an epithet for any thing appertaining to Galvanism, as the Galvanic Pile, or the Galvanic Trough. [vide Galvanism]

GALVANISM (Elect.) a branch of the science of electricity, so called from its discoverer, the late Professor Galvani, of Bologna, who discovered that metals applied to the nerves and muscles of animals occasioned powerful and sudden contractions, which he conceived to be produced by means of a fluid which he called animal electricity, supposing it to be lodged in the nerves, and conveyed to the muscles through the medium of the metals.

Signor Volta, on the other hand, ascribing these effects to the contact of the two metals, was naturally lead to conclude that by increasing the number of metallic pieces, their effect would be increased in proportion. Agreeably to this view of the subject, he constructed a galvanic apparatus, well known by the name of the Galvanic battery, or Voltaic pile, such as is represented in the annexed figure, R consisting of pieces of silver about the size of haff crowns, pieces of zinc of the same size, and pieces of cloth, leather, or other bibulous substance, a little less in diameter than the metallic plates. These pieces are disposed in order, silver, zinc, and wet cloth, as indicated by the letters s, z, w. The pieces

of cloth must be well soaked in water before they are applied, but afterwards squeezed out again, that the superfluous fluid may not run down the pile, and insinuate itself between the contiguous pieces of silver and zinc. The three rods, RRR, are of glass or baked wood, and the piece, o, slides freely up and down the rods, so as to prevent the falling of the plates.

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GAMB (Her.) a name for the whole leg of a lion, or other beast, which is borne in arms, as in the annexed figure. He beareth "Gules, three lions' gambs erased, argent, by the name Gate."

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GAMBA (Archæol.) Gamberia, Gambria, or
Gambadoes, military boots or defences for the
legs.

GAMBA'DOES (Archæol.) vide Gamba.
GAMBA'GES (Archæol.) vide Gamba.
GAMBERIA (Archeol.) vide Gamba.

GAMBET (Orn.) a water-fowl of the plover kind, the
Tringa gambella of Linnæus.

GAMBEYRON (Archæol.) Gambezonum, a horseman's coat used in war. Flet. 1. 1, c. 24.

GAMBIST (Mus.) a performer on the Viol di Gamba. GAMBIT (Sport.) a term, in Chess, applied to that kind of game which is commenced by pushing the King's and King's-Bishop's Pawn, each two squares instead of making the one defend the other; or the Queen's and Queen'sBishop's Pawn. The Pawn first pushed is called the

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Gambit Pawn.

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GAMMA (Gram.) the third letter in the Greek alphabet. GAMMARUS (Ent.) a term used by Fabricius for a division of the genus Cancer, consisting of such insects as have their antennæ pedunculate and very simple. GAMMONING the Bowsprit (Mar.) the act of binding the inner quarter of the bowsprit close down to the ship's stem. GA'MMOT (Mech.) a sort of incision knife. GA'MPHELE (Anat.) the cheek.

GA'MUT (Mus.) the table or scale laid down by Guido, so called because he applied the Greek letter, gamma, to the note which he added below the proslambanos, or lowest note of the ancients. To this scale he assigned the monosyllables Ut, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La.

GANDOLA (Bot.) the Basella rubra et alba of Linnæus. GANG (Mar.) a select number of a ship's crew appointed on any particular service, and commanded by an officer suitable to the occasion, as the Press-gang,-Gang-Board, a board or plank for walking out of a boat on to the shore. -Gang-Way, in French échelle, that part of a ship's side, both within and without, by which persons enter and depart: it is also a platform in ships that are deep-waisted along the upper part of the ship's side, for the convenience of walking more expeditiously fore-and-aft. It moreover signifies a narrow passage left in the hold. "To bring to the Gangway," is to punish a seaman by tying him up and flogging him with a cat-o'-nine-tails.

GA'NG-WEEK (Cus.) i. e. Going or Walking Week, the time when the bounds of the parishes are lustrated or walked over by the parish officers.

GANGAMON (Anat.) a name for the omentum. GANGIATORS (Law) in the Scotch Law, officers whose business it is to examine weights and measures. GANGITES (Bot.) A species of the Nardus of Linnæus. GANGLIA (Bot.) vide Sesamum verum. GANGLION (Med.) yάvyo", a preternatural and unequal tumour just under the skin, which, on compression, recedes sideways. According to the description of the ancients, it affected many parts of the body; but Galen describes it to be a nodous induration of a nerve. Hippocrat. de Artic,; Cels. 1. 6, c. 7; Gal. Def. Med. et Com. 1. de Artic.; Aet. Tetrab. 2, serm. 3, c. 83; Paul. Eginet. 1. 4, c. 16; Act. de Meth. Med. 1. 2, c. 11; Gorr. Def. Med.; Foes. Econom. Hippocrat.

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Ganglion, among the moderns, is a moveable tumour formed on the tendons, particularly of the carpus. GANGLION (Anat.) or Plexus, a knot formed in the course of the nerves by the intermixture of several nerves one with another. GANGRE'NA (Surg.) yayyawa, from ypáw, to feed upon; Gangrene, an incipient mortification, so named from its eating away the flesh. Cel. 1. 5, c. 26; Gal. Comm. 4. in Hippocrat. de Artic.; Aet. Tetrab. 4, serm. 2, c. 56; Paul. Eginet. 1. 4, c. 9; Gorr. Def. Med.; Foes. Econom. Hippocrat.

GANG-WAY (Mar.) vide Gang.
GA'NG-WEEK (Cus.) vide Gang.

GA'NIA (Bot.) a species of the Corchorus of Linnæus. GANITRUS (Bot.) a species of the Elaeocarpus. GA'NNET (Orn.) a bird of the pelican tribe, the Pelicanus bassanus of Linnæus, which inhabits Europe and America. GANTAN (Com.) a weight used at Bantam, in Java, equal to about three Dutch pounds.

GA'NTLET (Mil.) Gantelet, or Gauntlet, a large kind of glove made of iron, and the fingers covered with small plates, which was formerly worn by cavaliers; whence To throw the gauntlet," signifying to give a challenge. [vide Gauntlet] GA'NTLOPE (Mil.) or Gantlet, a punishment in which the criminal, running between the ranks, receives a lash from every man; whence it is called running the gantlope, which is now almost entirely out of use. GANZAS (Com.) a money made of copper and pewter by private persons in the kingdom of Pegu.

GAOL (Law) in French geole, from the Latin caveola, a little cage; a prison wherein a man is confined, either for debt, or for some breach of the laws. The term is particularly applied to county prisons.-Gaol Delivery, a commission, or patent, in nature of a letter, from the King to certain persons, authorizing them to deliver his gaol of the pri

soners in it.

GAPE (Orn.) the opening between the mandibles of birds. GAPE (Conch.) the opening between the two lips of an irregular coral.

GA'RAB (Med.) an Arabic name for the disorder called agilops.

GARAMA'NTITES (Min.) a kind of carbuncle.
GARB (Her.) a wheat sheaf signifying peace

and plenty in coats of arms, as in the annexed
figure.

GARB Arabum (Bot.) another name for the Weep-
ing Willow, or Salix Babylonica.
GA'RBA Sagittarum (Archeol.) a sheaf of ar-

rows.

GARBANZO (Bot.) the Cicer arietinum of Linnæus. GA'RBE-FEEDERS (Falcon.) the feathers under a hawk's

beak.

GARBEL (Mar.) vide Gar-board.

TO GARBLE (Com.) to sift, or separate the good from the bad of any thing; also to cleanse of the dust, &c. GARBLERS of spices (Law) officers of the city of London, who are empowered to enter into any shop or warehouse to view and search drugs, spices, &c.

GARBLES (Com.) the dust or filth separated by garbling. GA'RBLING of bow-staves (Archeol.) the sorting or culling them out, the good from the bad.

GA'RBOARD (Mar.) the first plank of a ship fastened to her keel on the outside.

GARBS (Archæol.) sheaves of corn.
GARCINIA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 11 Dodecandria,
Order Monogynia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth four-leaved. — COR.
petals four.-STAM. filaments sixteen; anthers roundish.
-PIST. germ superior; style scarcely any; stigma flat.→
PER. berry large; seeds eight.

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GARD-MANGE'R (Archæol.) a storehouse for victuals.
GA'RD-ROBE (Mech.) a wardrobe.

GARDANT (Her.) an epithet for a beast of
prey that is borne full-faced guarding, as a
lion gardant, in the annexed figure. The
leopard is not so termed because it is always
borne so.

GARDEVISU'RE (Mil.) that part of the helmet which is the safe-guard, or defence of the face. GARDE-VIA'NT (Mil.) a wallet for a soldier to put his victuals in.

TO GARDEN a hawk (Falcon.) to put her on a turf of grass to cheer her; also to give her an airing by letting her fly | at large.

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GARDE'NIA (Bot.) a genus of plants, so called from Alexander Garden, Class 5 Pentandria, Order 1 Monogynia. Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved.. .COR. one-petalled. STAM. filaments none; anthers five.PIST. germ inferior; style filiform; stigmas ovate.-Per. berry ovate; seeds many. Species. The species are shrubs, as the-Gardenia florida, seu Jasminium, Fragrant Gardenia, or Cape Jasmin.Gardenia thunbergia, Thunbergia, seu Bergkias, Starry Gardenia, native of the Cape of Good Hope.-Gardenia genipa, seu Janipha, native of Ceylon. - Gardenia rothmannia, seu Rothmannia, Spotted-flowered Gardenia, native of the Cape of Good Hope, &c. GARDIAN (Law) `vide Guardian.

GARE (Husband.) a sort of coarse wool such as grows about the shanks of sheep.

GARFISH (Ich.) a sort of pike, the Esox osseus of Linnæus. GARGALE (Med.) yapydan, irritation, stimulation. GA'RGANEY (Orn.) a sort of duck inhabiting Asia, the Anas querquedula of Linnæus.

GARGA'REON (Anat.) the cover of the windpipe. GARGARISM (Med.) yapyapipuès, a liquid medicine to

cleanse the throat.

GA'RGATHUM (Med.) a kind of bed to which lunatics and dæmoniacs were confined.

GARGET (Vet.) a distemper in cattle causing their eyes and lips to swell.

GARGIL (Vet.) a distemper in geese.

GARGILON (Sport.) the principal part of the heart of a deer.

GA'RGLE (Anat.) in Latin gurgulio, French gargouille, the gullet of the throat.

GARI (Com.) an imaginary specie, or nominal coin, used in many parts of the East Indies, equal to about four thousand rupees.

GARIDE'LLA (Bot.) a genus of plants, so called from Pierre Garidel, a physician of Provence, Class 10 Decandria, Order 3 Trigynia.

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Generic Character. CAL. perianth five-leaved. COR. petals none. STAM. filaments ten; anthers blunt.— PIST. germs three; styles scarce any; stigmas simple. PER. capsules three; seeds several.

Species. The single species is the Garidella nigellastrum, Nigellastrum, Nigella, seu Melarithium, is an annual, and native of the South of France. Bauh. Pin.; Park.|| Theat.; Raii Hist.

GARLAND (Her.) in French guirlande, an ornament of flowers for the head.

GARLAND (Mar.) a collar of rope wound about the head of the main-mast to keep the shrouds from galling; also a kind of net hung up to the beams within the birth, which the sailors use as a locker, or cupboard. Shot-Garland, a piece of timber nailed horizontally along the ship's side, and full of cavities to hold the round-shot. GARLIC (Bot.) a plant very similar to the onion, the Allium sativum of Linnæus.-Garlic Pear, the Cratava tapia of Linnæus.

GARNESTURA (Archæol.) victuals, arms, and other implements of war necessary for the defence of a town or castle. Matth. Par. ann. 1250.

GA'RNET (Min.) in the Spanish garnata, Italian garnato, and Low Latin granatus; a garnate-stone, a sort of carbuncle, so called from its red colour, like that of the seed of the pomegranate. In respect to hardness, it is between the sapphire and the common crystal.

GARNET (Mar.) i. e. cranet, a little crane; a sort of tackle in a ship wherewith goods are hoisted in or out.-Clewgarnet, vide Clew.

GARNIAME'NTUM (Archeol.) any manner of garnishing or trimming of clothes, &c.

GA'RNISH (Cus.) a prison fee paid to the fellow prisoners, &c. at the first entrance into a prison.

TO GARNISH (Law) to warn, as "To garnish the heir," to warn the heir. Stat. 27 Eliz. c. 3.

GARNISHED (Her.) an epithet for a charge provided with

any ornament.

GARNISHEE (Law) the party in whose hands the money
of another is attached.
GARNISHMENT (Law) a warning given to one for his
appearance for the information of the court, and explain-
ing a cause. Stat. 27 Eliz. c. 3.

GARON de Malaca (Bot.) the Aquilaria ovata of Linnæus.
GARON (Ant.) or Garum, yupov, a kind of sauce made of
pickled fish, particularly the scomber, or mackrel.
Mart. 1. 13, epig. 102.

Exspirantis adhuc scombri de sanguine primo,

Accipe fastosum, munera cara, garum.

It was reckoned a great delicacy among the Romans, and used also medicinally in clysters. Hor. 1. 2, Sat. 8; Plin. 1. 31, c. 7; Dioscor. 1. 2, c. 34; Gal. de Fac. Alim. 1. 2, c. 22; Aet. Tetrab. 4, serm. 4, c. 121. GARO'SMUS (Bot.) the Chenopodium vulvaria of Linnæus. GAROTILLO (Med.) a name for the malignant cynanche. GA'RRE (Vet.) a disease in hogs.

GA'RRISON (Mil.) a body of officers disposed in a fortified place to defend it against the attacks of an enemy.-Garri son town, a strong place in which troops are quartered for its security.

GARROT (Mil.) French for the bolt of a cross-bow; also for the withers of a horse.

GARSUMMU'NE (Archæol.) a fine, or amerciament. GARTER (Her.) the half of the Bendlet. [vide Bend]Order of the Garter, vide Heraldry. - Garter King at arms, the chief of the three Kings at arms, the other two being named Clarencieux and Norroy.

GARTER (Print.) more properly the collar which is around a hoop, encompassing the flat groove, or neck, in the shank of the spindle of the press.

GARTERS (Orn.) coloured rings, in some birds, round the naked part of the thigh, just above the knees. GARTH (Mech.) or Fish-Garth, a dam in a river for the catching of fish.

GA'RTH-MAN (Com.) the owner of a wear, or dam, in which fish are kept.

GA'RUM (Ant.) vide Garon.

GAS (Chem.) a term corrupted by Van Helmont from the German Geist, spirit, to denote a subtle spirit not capable of being coagulated, as Gas sulphuris, the spirit of sul

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phur; Gas sylvestre, the spirit arising from vegetable juices. || GASTRINUM (Chem.) Potash. Van Helm. de Compl. et Mist. N. c. 42; De Flat. c. 4. GAS, in modern chemistry, is taken for an elastic aërial fluid, of which there are different kinds, some being acid, as carbonic acid; some alkalies, as ammonia; some combustible, as hydrogen; some supporters of combustion, as oxygen, &c. The following table, from Dr. Thomson's Chemistry, contains the principal gases at present known. 1. Simple Gases.

GASTRITIS (Med.) from yasng, the belly; an inflammation of the stomach; it is a genus of diseases in the Class Pyrexia, Order Phlegmasia of Cullen. GASTROBRA'NCHUS (Ich.) the Hag-Fish, or the Hag, a genus of fishes, having the mouth terminal, furnished with cirri; the body eel-shaped.

1. Oxygen.

GASTROCE'LE (Med.) from yasig, the belly and xan, a hernia; a hernia of the stomach occasioned by a protrusion of that viscus through the abdominal parietes.

2. Chlorine. 3. Iodine. 4. Hydrogen. GASTROCNEMII (Anat.) yasporvnía, two muscles of the

5. Azote. 6. Sulphur.

2. Compound Gases.

a. Simple gases combined.

7. Hydriodic Acid. S. Protoxide of Chlorine. 9. Protoxide of Azote. 10. Muriatic Acid. 11. Deutoxide of Azote. 12. Steam. 13. Ammonia.

b. Oxygen and a solid Base.

tibia, which form a great part of what is called the calf of the leg; they are so named because they constitute, as it were, yasg, the belly, xns of the leg. They are serviceable in all motions of the leg. Hippocrat. de Artic.; Ruff. Ephes. de Appell. Part. Corp. Hum. 1. 1, c. 16; Gal. de Muscul. Dissect. c. 32.

GASTRO-CO'LICUS (Anat.) from yasig, a belly, and who, the colon; an epithet for a vein that proceeds from the stomach to the colon.

14. Sulphuric Acid. 15. Sulphurous Acid. 16. Carbonic GASTRODY'NIA (Med.) from yasig, the belly, and idurn,

Oxide. 17. Carbonic Acid.

c. Hydrogen and a solid Base.

18. Cyanogen. 19. Sulphureted Hydrogen. 20. Olefiant Gas. 21. Carbureted Hydrogen. 22. Hydroguret of Phosphorus. 23. Bihydroguret of Phosphorus.

d. Fluorine, Chlorine, Cyanogen, with a Base. 24. Fluoboric Acid. 25. Chlorocyanic Acid. 26. Hydrocyanic Acid. 27. Chlorocarbonic acid.

e. Two solid Bases.

28. Sulphuret of Carbon.

f. Triple or quadruple Compounds.

29. Hydriodic Ether. 30. Chloric Ether. 31. Sulphuric Ether. 32. Muriatic Ether. 33. Alcohol. 34. Oil of Turpentine.

GA'SKET (Mar.) in French garcette, a sort of platted cord fastened to the sail-yards of a ship, and used for furling up the sail.-Bunt-Gasket, that which supports and ties up the bunt of the sail.-Quarter-Gasket, used only for large sails.-Yard-arm Gasket, made fast to the yard-arm, serving to bind the sail as far as the quarter-gasket. GASTALDUS (Archæol.) a governor of the country, whose office was temporary, and who had jurisdiction over the common people.

GASTER (Anat.) yasng, a term used by Hippocrates to signify the whole abdomen.

GASTERO STEUS (Ich.) Stickleback; a genus of fishes of the Thoracic Order, having the head oblong; jaws armed with minute teeth; eyes moderate; body carinate on each side; dorsal fin single, with distinct spines between it and

the head.

Species. The principal species are as follow, namelyGasterosteus aculeatus, Three-spined Stickleback.-Gasterosteus ductor, the Pilot-Fish.-Gasterosteus saltatrix, the Skip-Jack, &c.

GASTRIC (Anat.) from yase, the belly; an epithet for any thing appertaining to the belly, as the-Gastric arteries, one of which, the right gastric, is a branch of the hepatic; and the other, the left, of the splenic.-Gastric Juice, a fluid separated by the capillary exhaling arteries of the stomach, which open upon its internal surface. It is the principal agent of digestion, and changes the aliments into a kind of uniform soft paste. The gastric juice of a human subject, when healthy, is inodorous, of a saltish taste, and limpid like water, unless it is tinged with the yellow colour of the bile that has regurgitated into the stomach.

the pain; a pain in the stomach.

GASTROEPIPLOI'CA. (Anat.) yaspoλoixà, from yusne, the belly, and, the omentum; the name of a vein and artery that go to the stomach and omentum. GA'STROMANCY (Ant.) raspoμartsía, a species of divination through the medium of round glasses filled with water, which reflected certain images that were supposed to contain the answers of the demon. Gyrald. Syntag.

Deor. 1. 18.

GA'STROMYTH (Ant.) another name for a ventriloquist.

GASTRORA'PHIA (Anat.) yuspepapix, from yashe, a belly, and pan, a suture; the operation of performing a suture of the abdomen. Gal. de Mus. Dissect. c. 26; Scribon. Larg. de Comp. Med. c. 76; Oribas. Med. Collect. 1. 24, c. 24.

GASTROTOMIA (Surg.) yasporopía, from yasnę, a belly, and To, cutting; a section of the abdomen, or the uterus. GATE (Fort.) a door made of strong planks and iron bars to keep out an enemy.-A private Gate is that passage by which soldiers can go out of the town unseen by the enemy. A public Gate is that which leads by the curtain to some public road.

GATES of a Dock (Mech.) a kind of thick double door hung at the entrance, and made to open and shut so as to confine and exclude the water.

GATHER (Mar.) a term used in some sea phrases, as "Gather aft the jib sheet," the order to pull it tight in. "To gather way," to increase the velocity of the ship's sailing.

TO GATHER Books (Print.) to take the printed sheets off the lines one by one for the purpose of making them up into books ready for the binder.

GATT (Mar.) a term used on the Flemish coast for channel. GA'UDIES (Cus.) another name for the grand days at the inns of court, or the rejoicings on particular occasions in the Universities.

GAUDY DAYS (Cus.) festival days observed at inns of court and colleges.

GA'VEL (Law) a tribute or custom. [vide Gabel]-Gavelbread, corn-rent, or provision of bread and corn, reserved as a rent to be paid in kind by the tenant.-Gavelcester, a measure of ale to be paid by way of rent by the stewards and bailiffs of rents belonging to the church of Canterbury.

GAVELET (Law) an ancient and special kind of cessavit used in Kent, where the custom of gavel-kind continues; hereby the tenant in gavel-kind shall forfeit his lands and tenements to the lord of whom he holds, if he withdraw

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