the toes, then the larger ones swarmed over the foot and bit furiously, and made the blood start out. I then went out of the tent, and my whole person was instantly covered as close as small-pox (not confluent) on a patient. Grass fires were lighted, and my men picked some off my limbs and tried to save me. After battling for an hour or two they took me into a hut not yet invaded, and I rested till they came, the pests, and routed me out there too! Then came on a steady pour of rain, which held on till noon, as if trying to make us miserable. At 9 A.M. I got back into my tent. The large Sirafu have mandibles curved like reaping-sickles, and very sharp-as fine at the point as the finest needle or a bee's sting. Their office is to remove all animal refuse, cockroaches, &c., and they took all my fat.'-ii. 276.

Let any well-to-do householder, who may be worried by domestic troubles, read a page of Livingstone' and take a lesson from his patient spirit. The traveller's lowered vital forces rendered him more especially amenable to the lodgments of parasites. His quinine was gone. Febrile attacks, following swamp-wadings, wettings to skin, exhaustions, poor food, had to run their course, and drain off the remnants of resistance offered by a constitution once of iron-strength. That Livingstone could no longer rely on this essential element of his former successes we have early evidence.

27th January, 1867.-A set-in rain all the morning; but having meat we were comfortable in the old huts. In changing my dress this morning I was frightened at my own emaciation.'-i. 187.

And, again, in the same year :

'20th October.-Very ill; I am always so when I have no work— sore bones-much headache; then lost power over the muscles of the back, as at Liemba; no appetite and much thirst.'—Ibid. 237.

Fifteen months of such attacks, with partial recoveries, had lowered the tissues to the condition curiously attractive to the instinctive feeders on a weakened organism. The gardener knows when his plants lack nourishing soil by the blight and aphid lice that invade them.

25th February, 1869.-I extracted twenty Funyés, an insect like a maggot, whose eggs had been inserted on my having been put into an old house infested by them; as they enlarge they stir about and impart a stinging sensation; if disturbed, the head is drawn in a little. When a poultice is put on they seem obliged to come out, possibly from want of air: they can be pressed out, but the large pimple in which they live is painful; they were chiefly in my limbs.'-ii. 4.

But the hero had no thought of yielding. The outer works might be assailed and partially demolished. But he had a stout

heart,

heart, a breadth of chest and squareness of shoulder, that aforetimes had carried him victoriously through seemingly as unequal contests. But now the very citadel, his stronghold, was assailed.

1st January, 1869.-I have been wet times without number, but the wetting of yesterday was once too often: I felt very ill, but fearing that the Lofuko might flood, I resolved to cross it. Cold up to the waist, which made me worse, but I went on for two and a half hours east. I marched one hour, but found I was too ill to go further. Moving is always good in fever; now I had a pain in the chest, and rust-of-iron sputa: my lungs, my strongest part, were thus affected. We crossed a rill and built sheds, but I lost count of the days of the week and month after this. Very ill all over.'

About 7th January.-Cannot walk: pneumonia of right lung, and I cough all day and all night: sputa rust-of-iron and bloody: distressing weakness.'

Sadly interesting is it to read how he could analyse and note the signs of his condition, and truly touching is the commentary :

ears.

It is probably malaria which causes that constant singing in the Ideas flow through the mind with great rapidity and vividness, in groups of twos and threes: if I look at any piece of wood, the bark seems covered over with figures and faces of men, and they remain, though I look away and turn to the same spot again. I saw myself lying dead in the way to Ujiji, and all the letters I expected there useless. When I think of my children and friends, the lines ring through my head perpetually:

'I shall look into your faces,

And listen to what you say,

And be often very near you

When you think I'm far away.'-ii. 2.

The contest for existence' is nevertheless doggedly maintained for another year; then the tissues themselves begin to give way. Microscopic invisible organisms may be at the bottom of what the surgeon calls an ulcer.'

July 1870.-For the first time in my life my feet failed me, and now having but three attendants it would have been unwise to go further in that direction. Instead of healing quietly as heretofore, when torn by hard travel, irritable-eating ulcers fastened on both feet; and I limped back to Bambarré on 22nd. The sores on my feet now laid me up as irritable-eating ulcers. If the foot were put to the ground, a discharge of bloody ichor flowed, and the same discharge happened every night with considerable pain, that prevented sleep.'-ii. 47.

26th September.--I am able now to report the ulcers healing.

For

eighty days I have been completely laid up by them, and it will be long ere the lost substance will be replaced.'-Ibid. 63.

Another evidence of weakening of the mind with the wear of the frame. Old favourite studies and thoughts come to the surface. Fountains of Herodotus' and traces of MOSES are hoped for, seemingly expected in land farther to the south-west of Egypt than the Lawgiver ever travelled to the north-east from Goshen.

2nd November.-I long with intense desire to move on and finish my work, I have also an excessive wish to find anything that may exist proving the visit of the great Moses and the ancient kingdom of Tirhaka, but I pray give me just what pleases Thee my Lord, and make me submissive to Thy will in all things.'-ii. 74.

6

Not for

To pains of body were added anguishes of soul. himself not on his own account; that account he had well made up, and he knew that his Redeemer lived,'-but the moral world in which he wandered, with which he strove. These inevitable blots, descriptive of ignorant, wicked, sickening atrocities, darken many pages of the book. Take any of the slave-hunters' procedures, as for example:

18th July, 1871.—The murderous assault on the market people felt to me like Gehenna, without the fire and brimstone; but the heat was oppressive, and the firearms pouring their iron bullets on the fugitives, was not an inapt representative of burning in the bottomless pit.

The terrible scenes of man's inhumanity to man brought on severe headache, which might have been serious had it not been relieved by a copious discharge of blood; I was laid up all yesterday afternoon with the depression the bloodshed made-it filled me with unspeakable horror.'-ii. 139.

Livingstone here refers to the break up of another part of his system, the intestinal canal. His wonderful lungs had battled with the pneumonia and driven off the inflammation, but they were left wounded and enfeebled. Adhesions had ensued. Henceforth his breathing became short, hard, and frequent.

Finally the vital fluid itself drained off. The excruciating pains of his dysenteric malady caused him the greatest exhaustion as they marched.

10th April, 1873.-I am pale, bloodless, and weak from bleeding profusely ever since the 31st of March last: an artery gives off a copious stream, and takes away my strength. Oh, how I long to be permitted by the Over Power to finish my work.

12th April.-Cross the Muanakazi. It is about 100 or 130 yards broad, and deep. Great loss of aiua made me so weak I could hardly walk, but tottered along nearly two hours and then lay down quite done,'-ii. 294.

The

The end-the Crown-was at hand.

They made him a bed raised from the mud-floor of a hut by sticks and grass. The boy Majwara slept just within to attend to his master's wants. About 11 P.M., Susi, whose hut was close by, was told to go to his master. That master's thoughts then were on his geographical work. He said slowly, and evidently wandering, 'Is this the Luapula? Susi told him they were in Chitambo's village, near the Mulilamo: he lay silent for a while. Again he asks, in the Suaheli dialect, 'How many days is it to the Luapula? A few seconds after, as if in great pain, he half sighed, half said, 'Oh dear, dear and then dozed off again.

About an hour later he asks for the medicine-chest, and tells Susi to hold the candle near him, for the man noticed he could hardly see. With great difficulty Dr. Livingstone selected the calomel, and directing Susi to pour a little water into a cup, and to put another empty one by it, he said in a low feeble voice, All right; you can go out now.' 'These,' writes the Editor, were the last words he was ever heard to speak.' The last to man. His last on earth were to his God.

It must have been about four in the morning when Susi heard Majwara's step once more. 'Come to Bwana'-their name for their beloved master-come, I am afraid: I don't know if he is still alive.' The lad's evident alarm made Susi run to arouse Chumah and the few remaining followers. They went immediately to the hut.

Passing inside they looked towards the bed. Livingstone was not lying on it, but appeared to be engaged in prayer, and they instinctively drew backward for an instant. Pointing to him, Majwara said, 'When I lay down he was just as he is now.' The men drew nearer. A candle, stuck by its own wax to the top of the box, shed a light sufficient for them to see his form. Their master was kneeling by the side of his bed, his body stretched forward, his head buried in his hands upon the pillow. For a minute they watched him: he did not stir; there was no sign of breathing; then one of them, Matthew, advanced softly to him and placed his hands to his cheeks. They were cold; the body almost cold: Livingstone was dead.

ART.

ART: VII.-1. L'Empire Romain en Orient. Par Gaston Boissier. Publié dans la Revue des Deux Mondes,' Juillet 1874.

2. La Statue Vocale de Memnon, considérée dans ses rapports avec l'Egypte et la Grèce. Par Jean Antoine Letronne. Paris,

1833.

THE

HEBES in Egypt-who has not heard of its wonders? Who has not longed to behold them? That city of the hundred gates, as Homer calls it, has indeed long since passed away; but even now some of its massy monuments and vast sepulchral chambers bear witness to its ancient grandeur. Above all, those twin statues of colossal size-'the Pair,' for so our countrymen have named them-continue to look down on the valley of the Nile, and more than any other monuments arrest the stranger's eye. There they sat-so writes Miss Harriet Martineau, describing her first sight of them together yet apart, in the midst of the plain, serene and vigilant, still keeping their untired watch over the lapse of ages and the eclipse of Egypt. I can never believe that anything else so majestic as this Pair has been conceived of by the imagination of Art. Nothing even in nature certainly ever affected me so unspeakably; no thunder-storm in my childhood, nor any aspect of Niagara, or the great Lakes of America, or the Alps or the Desert, in my later years.'

Such were Miss Martineau's words of wonder derived only from a transient glance in her up-stream voyage. But on her return, when she passed many days at Thebes, she found her first admiration very far from enfeebled, and she has expressed it with her wonted vividness of style: The Pair sitting alone amidst the expanse of verdure, with islands of ruin behind them, grew more striking to us every day. To-day, for the first time, we looked up at them from their base. The impression of sublime tranquillity which they convey, when seen from distant points, is confirmed by a nearer approach. There they sit, keeping watch-hands on knees, gazing straight forward, seeming, though so much of the faces is gone, to be looking over to the monumental piles on the other side of the river, which became gorgeous temples after these throne-seats were placed here the most immovable thrones that have ever been established on this earth!'

These gigantic statues, as Sir Gardner Wilkinson has measured or computed, are forty-seven feet in height; that is, above the present soil, for they extend to seven feet more below it. They appear like islands during the yearly inundations of the Nile which cover the plain around them. Each was at first of a single block, although the one to which we shall presently and Vol. 138.-No. 276.

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