a draught of milk from Archibald Mac- have reached the bottom of the precipice, donald, grandson of Macdonald of Scotus, it being so very steep, had not Donald they pursued their journey and came to Cameron, being foremost as guide, catched another shealing, where they procured a hold of one of his arms, which he did only guide to Morar's bothy or hut, his house with one hand, being obliged to hold fast by having lately been burnt. Morar receiving the heath with the other, to preserve the his guests as well as his situation would prince and himself from tumbling headlong permit, conducted them to a cave, where down together; and to cry aloud to Glenalthey slept ten hours, during which time he adale to hasten down to their relief, which he went in quest of young Clanronald. As the instantly did, and got hold of the prince's young chief was not to be found, Charles took other arm, and so recovered him immehis leave of old Mackinnon and Morar, and diately. Their difficulties increased at every in the evening set out with John, and step, for now they had to pass through the only a boy, a son of Morar's, and a guide, line of little camps, twenty-seven in number, for Boradale. Here they arrived before called the "chain," which was so formed as day, found the house burnt, and Boradale to enclose the ground on the land side, himself at a bothy hard by, to whose charge where the prince was then known or beJohn committed the prince. lieved to be concealed. When they came From Boradale's hut the prince sent for near to this military chain, which they Glenaladale, a Macdonald of Clauronald's could well spy at a distance by the fires, family. This gentleman arrived about the the night being very dark, Donald Cameron 15th of July, brought the prince intelligence wisely proposed to pass through alone, and of Lochiel and other friends, and assured return again; "which," said he, "if I do him that the loss at Culloden, and after with safety, then your highness may venthe battle, was not so great as Sullivan ture, I hope in God, to follow me the and O'Neill had told him. The prince then second time:" all which was accordingly proposed to go to Lochaber, where he be- most happily accomplished in the face of lieved Lochiel was. He therefore continued their enemies. During the time that honest some days in Boradale, till he heard of gen- Donald was meditating how to conduct the eral Campbell's arrival with four hundred prince across the encircling chain, he would men on one side of him, and of captain fall a-rubbing of his nose, and say to the Caroline Scot's with five hundred on the prince, "O, sir! my nose is yuiking, which other, and that, having received intelligence is a sign to me that we have great hazards of his hiding-place, they were forming a and dangers to go through." After passing circle round him not above two miles the wakeful guards, the prince made up to distant. Under these circumstances Charles him, and pleasantly said, "Well, Donald, was advised to get, if possible, to the braes how does your nose now?" "It is better of Glenmoriston, where, and in Lovat's now," said he; "but it still yuiks a little.” country, he might skulk till the passes "Ay, Donald," replied the prince, "have should be opened. Donald Cameron of we still more guards to go through?" Upon Glenpean consented to be his guide, and crossing the line, they were obliged to walk in the night conducted him safe through along, and not very far from it, in order to the guards who were in the pass; being get at the place they intended. Betwixt obliged to creep upon all-fours so close to two and three o'clock in the morning, the tents, that they heard the soldiers talk- July 21st, they came to a place near the ing to one another, and saw them walking head of Loch-Uirn, called Corriscorridill, between them and the fires. At the same where choosing a fastness, they took such time there went with the prince, Glenala-refreshment as the exigency of the case dale, his brother, and two young boys, sons could afford; the prince covering a slice of of Angus Macdonald of Boradale. In pass-cheese with oatmeal, which, though but dry ing over the top of a mountain called fare, he ate very heartily, and drank of the Drymchosey, there happened to be a small cold stream. They passed the day in this rivulet issuing out of the precipice, and place till about eight at night, and the gliding over it, which made the darksome, guide, Donald Cameron, knowing the way steep, and pathless descent very slippery, no further in the course the prince intended being a mixture of grass and heath. The to hold, hoped to find some people thereprince slipt a foot, and would unavoidably abouts he could trust. Glenaladale and have been dashed to pieces before he could Donald therefore began to look about, iu

order to find some such trusty folks; but no sooner had they stepped a little from their concealment, than they found, to their no small astonishment, that they had lodged all day within cannon-shot of two small camps of the chain, and spied some soldiers gathering a few sheep together for slaughter, and so very near them, that they were forced to fall flat on their breasts, and crawl back on all-fours to the prince, to warn him of his danger, and the narrow escape he had had.

habitation the prince remained three days; at the end of which he was so well refreshed, that he declared himself capable of encountering further hardships. They then removed two miles, to a place called Corieye-, roch, where they took up their habitation' in a natural grotto, no less romantic than the former. Regularly every day they mounted guard upon the prince, placed their sentry-posts at the head and foot of the glen, and had a foraging party of two to fetch provisions in their own cautious As the prince continued his progress, way. With Glenaladale and these men, attended only by Glenaladale, they got the prince continued between the braes of safe into Glenmoriston about the 24th; Glenmoriston and Glen-strathferrar, till but were almost dead with hunger, hav- the guards were removed, and the passes ing been forty-eight hours without meat, opened. when Charles saw a little hut at a distance, and some smoke issuing out of the hole in the roof-" Thither" (says he) "will I go, let the consequence be what it may; for I had better be killed like a man, than starved like a fool." His friend did all in his power to dissuade him from it; but he would go. When they came to the hut, the prince went boldly in, and found six stout lusty fellows at dinner, upon a large piece of boiled beef; a sight he had been long a stranger to. The men were six noted thieves, who had made their hut in that place for privacy and safety, and were not a little amazed at seeing a strange face entering there. One of them knew the prince, and also knew he was skulking; but he, not thinking it safe to tell the rest of the company who their guest was, had the presence of mind, upon seeing the prince, to cry out, "Ha! Dougal M'Cullony, I am glad to see thee." Charles, by this expression, found he was known, and, with equal steadiness of countenance, thanked him cheerfully, sat down with them, ate very heartily, and was very merry. The prince, his friend, and the man who knew the prince, walked out after dinner, and consulted what further was to be done; and being informed of the state of the country about, and of the military dispositions, found it absolutely necessary to wait here for some time, and that the other five men must be intrusted with the secret; which being done, they all rejoiced that they had it in their power to serve the prince. They conducted him to a natural cave, called Cairagoth, and in this grotto made up a bed for him of fern and tops of heath. A fine stream glided by his homely bedside within the cave, which was capacious enough to hold beds for them all. In this romantic

About this time (the middle of July) one Roderick Mackenzie, a merchant of Edinburgh, who had been out with the prince, was skulking among the hills about Glenmoriston, when some of the soldiers met with him; and as he was about the prince's size and age, and not much unlike him in the face, they took him for the prince, and killed him, and, as his dying expressions confirmed them in this mistake, they cut off his head, and carried it to Fort Augustus to claim the reward. The soldiers and militia sent out to take the prince and his adherents, now imagining that he was killed, began to be less strict in their watch, which gave the fugitives greater facility of moving about. Towards the beginning of August Charles went with his new retinue into Lochaber, to Achnasual, two miles from Achnacarie, the residence of Lochiel. They brought no provisions with them, expecting to be supplied in that country, where there used to be greater plenty than whence they had come; but they were greatly disappointed, finding all the country plundered and burnt, and no cattle or any other sort of provisions to be got. In this distress they remained some time, when at last one of the Glenmoriston men spied a hart, and shot her; on which they lived, without bread or salt. The next day, the prince being informed that Macdonald of Lochgarry, Cameron of Cluns, and Cameron of Lochnasual, were in the neighbouring mountains, sent after them, and at the same time sent Peter Grant (the most active of the Glenmoriston men) to Lochiel, who was then about twenty miles off, to let him know where he was. Before the prince sent to him, Lochiel had heard also that it was supposed the prince was in the country,

In this neighbourhood Charles continued moving from one hut to another till about the 28th of August; the sons of Cameron of Cluns, Mr. John Cameron, an itinerant preacher stationed at Fort William, who had joined the prince's army, and Captain Macraw, of Glengarry's regiment, being his chief attendants. As they were one day in the hut which Cluns had built for his family (after his house was burnt), information was brought that a party of soldiers were advancing. They proved eventually to be only a party sent to bring in provisions for was in the face of that mountain, within a the garrison. But Cluns and his family had made preparations for defence and escape, and Charles left the hut, and they

CHAPTER XII.

SCOTLAND After the REBELLION; JUDICIAL REFORM; GENERAL IMPROVEMENT; RESTORATION OF THE FORFEITED ESTATES.

ALTHOUGH, no doubt, the suppression of the | public use. The opportunity was rebellion of 1745 produced a great amount seized of effecting an extensive change in of present misery and suffering, its final the condition of the population of the north, effects were in the highest degree beneficial and abolishing the various antiquated custo Scotland. A very large portion of the toms which had so long stood in the way of highland territory became forfeited by the improvement. Most of the old feudal treason of its owners, and all these forfeited tenures were entirely done away with, and the estates were by act of parliament vested in act for disarming the highlanders was now the king, the produce to be applied to the at last rigidly enforced. This was a neces

sary step towards the abolition of hereditary circuit courts should be held once a year at jurisdictions which followed. The parlia- Glasgow, Stirling, Perth, Aberdeen, and mentary resentment against the highlanders ran so high, that another bill was passed, prohibiting, under severe penalties, the use of the highland dress, but this was never strictly carried into effect, and the costume of the highlander has outlived the proscription.

Inverness, to which offenders from the highlands and other parts might be brought; and that trial for all crimes inferring loss of limb should be confined to the court of jus ticiary at Edinburgh, or to the judges in these circuits, leaving the escheats resulting from the convictions to the lords of the respective jurisdictions; that trials for lesser offences should remain with the sheriffs, or, if they were allowed still to try criminal cases, that their judgments should be reported, with a full copy of the trial, to the justice court for approval or commutation; that the sheriffs' court should still have the power of deciding in cases of debt not exceeding two hundred marks Scots, and the jurisdictions possessed by the baronial or bailie court with regard to small debts, trespasses, and petty offences, should be reserved to them; and that the sheriffs and stewards should be appointed responsibly, and have a reasonable salary, instead of having as fees a per centage upon the money decreed for. They stated that, with regard to existing jurisdictions, they found it impossible to make any satisfactory report on account of the confused state of the public records in the record-office.

A way was thus cleared for the introduction of the important measure of abolishing the vassalage of servants, and the hereditary jurisdictions. In the course of the session of parliament of 1746, two orders were issued to the court of session, one to prepare the draught of a bill for remedying the inconveniences arising from the several kinds of jurisdictions in Scotland, and for the regular administration of justice there; and the other to inquire what regalities and hereditable sheriff'ships subsisted there, and what persons were in possession of them; which of these regalities were granted before the act of James II. of Scotland, which annexed to the crown all the regalities in the king's hand, and which of those that had been granted since had been given by consent of parliament. The court of session accordingly took the matter into deliberation, and reported that they did not consider it possible to provide effectually for the An act founded upon these suggestions regular administration of justice by the was brought into the house of commons on king's courts, without taking away various the 28th of February, 1747. It abolished, hereditary jurisdictions, which were secured after the 20th of March, 1748, all the hereby the articles of the union as rights of ditable jurisdictions of justiciary, regalities, property, and therefore ought not to be baileries, constabularies (except the office of taken away without due compensation; on high-constable of Scotland), sheriffships, account of which they required to be assured deputies, &c., and transferred their powers that such compensation would be granted to the king's courts. A reasonable satisfacbefore they would undertake to make a tion was to be given to the proprietors of draught of a bill, but they offered certain these jurisdictions, after their several claims suggestions on the subject. They stated had been examined and settled by the court that the original cause of lodging these high of session. The baronial jurisdictions which jurisdictions in powerful families belonged were reserved from the effects of this act, to a period when the country was so un- were restricted to assaults, batteries, and civilised, that the crown experienced the lesser crimes, for which the punishment greatest difficulty in enforcing the laws and should not exceed a fine of twenty pounds bringing offenders to justice, and was glad sterling, or three hours in the stocks in the to commit the execution of laws to those daytime, or a month's imprisonment in ease who were able to enforce them. The high- of failure of the payment of the fine. lands had always been and still continued in private dungeons were abolished, and no such a state that no process of law could person was in future to be confined in any have free course, and it was necessary to place but such as had grates or windows, oring the country into subjection to the was entered on the sheriff's' books, and was laws before they could entertain any hope open to the inspection of the friends of the of seeing there a regular administration of prisoner. One sheriff depute, who must be justice by the king's courts and judges. If an advocate of not less than three years' this were first effected, they proposed that standing, was to be appointed for each shire,

All