319. arma, i.e. clava.

320. Melampus: there was a very ancient mythical seer and healer of this name, some of whose exploits somewhat resembled those of Hercules, but it is difficult to see how Virgil could make an Italian of him. We must suppose some other, though iuvere points to some superhuman agency in the father.

326. securus, thoughtless in death.

327. miserande, attracted by the vocative to which it refers.

329. septem, etc.: the sentence is broken at this word and resumed in another form at septena. The difficulty may be met in English by translating, seven were they, &c., and hurled, &c.

333. non ullum, etc.: these weapons are supposed to have been recovered from Greeks slain by them at Troy, and are thus in a manner consecrated to the death of the enemies of the Trojans.

339. traiecto: the spear, after transfixing Mæon, goes through Alcanor's arm and still flies on.

343. contra, in turn, as his brother had been.

345. Curibus, see § 244, b.-primaevo corpore, the vigor of his youth.

347. pressa, forced in.

350. suprema, mighty, indicating the highest lineage. These are Thracian auxiliaries of the Trojans.

351. Ismara, a mountain of Thrace.

356. discordes, warring.

358. inter se, to each other.— cedit, will yield, are willing to.

359. contra, front to front.

361. pede, locative ablative, more common than the dative.

366. quando, for the nonce: the word is not so used elsewhere, but its close relationship with quondam and the like seems to justify this meaning.

367. unum, in apposition with the action implied in accendit, cf. 311. Of course the word may be taken with quod, but the antecedent of quod then stands in that relation.

374. reposcit, summons back.

376. mortales, mortal like them. — totidem, just as many as they. 378. Troiam, i.e. the camp of the Trojans.

382. discrimina: the spine makes a division between the ribs which are attached to it on each side.

384. quem non super occupat Hisbo, whom standing over him (drawing the spear) H. cannot assail, as he hoped to do.

385. ante, too soon.

387. tumido, inflated, perhaps with panting.

391. Daucia, of one Daucus.

393. nunc, now a cruel distinction is made between them.

400. hoc, i.e. just so much time as he was engaged in killing Rhoteus.

404. semianimis, transfer the epithet to the person.

405. optato, see § 255, b; cf. G. 438, R.2; H. 431, N.2

407. mediis, in the intervals, between the different spots kindled.

415. iugulum, the throat of Halæsus, to attack him. Virgil would hardly put in such a detail without meaning, as it would be if it meant the warrior's own.

417. canens, prophesying, and so guarding against his death by keeping him out of the way.

420. Evandri, the weapons were actually wielded by Pallas.

423. habebit, shall bear.

426. sinit, cf. sinite, v. 15.

428. nodum, the nucleus, as it were.

- moram, the hindrance to the success of the Latins, but from another point of view the stay of the Trojans.

432. extremi addensent, by pressing forward.

435. egregii, endowed with the fortune of beauty, but on the other hand short-lived, hence sed.

438. sua, their destined; see § 196, c; G. 295, R.1; H. 449, 2. 443. cuperem, devoutly could I wish; see § 311, b; G. 602; H. 486, i.

444. aequore, arena, the plain prescribed by Turnus (iusso). 447. truci, of the grim warrior, dat. as a livelier representative of the gen. - visus, subject.

449. opimis: inasmuch as both were commanders, the technical trophies (spolia opima) would be obtained.

455. meditantem, preparing, properly, practising.

457. contiguum missae hastae, in range of the missile spear. 458. ausum, a deed dared.

463. ferant, brook.

473. reicit, a touch of nature in making Jove turn away his eyes not to witness the fate he could not prevent.

481. mage, an old form for magis.— penetrabile, in an active sense such as these adjectives often have.

488. super, cf. ix. 709.

491. memores referte, remember well to, &c.

492. qualem, in such state as he has deserved, i.e. dead but not mutilated or despoiled. I freely grant, he says, whatever consolation Evander

can get from burying him; it will cost him enough as it is to have received Æneas. There is a grim savagery even in this act of apparent mercy, when he taunts Evander with the sentence haud, etc.

497. impressum nefas, the tale of guilt embossed thereon, the crime of the daughters of Danaus.

502. modum, self-restraint.

503. emptum, to purchase, but for construction see § 292, d, and cf. Eng. "wish it done."

504. intactum, see § 292, a; G. 667, R.2; H. 549, 5, N.2

507. O rediture, O youth destined to return.

509. cum tamen, but still.

510. fama, the mere unauthenticated rumor.

511. tenui discrimine, a mere hair's-breadth; cf. iii. 685.

517. Sulmone, cf. ix. 412.

518. Ufens, probably the river of that name in Latium, i.e. they were brought up on its banks.

519. immolet, the custom of human sacrifices in early times is well authenticated. From this custom doubtless arose the gladiatorial shows, originally given at funerals of great men. Cf. xi. 52 and Il. xxi. 26. 522. arte, as resistance is of no avail.

525. nato, the son of Magus, as appears by the preceding verse.

528. hic, on this point, i.e. on me.

534. sentit, and hence it is of no use to appeal to them.

538. infula, vitta, see note to Ecl. viii. 64, and Fig. 30.

539. totus conlucens, all brilliant.

541. immolat, because he is avenging Pallas.

542. tropaeum, see Fig. 126.

547. aliquid magnum, i.e. boasted that he would perform some great exploit.

553. impedit, by sending a spear through both.

556. super, standing over him.

557. metuende, with your terrors, sarcastically alluding to his pride, condet, cf. 493. The mild Æneas here surpasses

implied in exsultans.

Turnus in ferocity.

560. impasti, greedy.

563. Volcente, cf. ix. 370.

564. tacitis, an epithet borrowed from Amycle in Laconia. The story that that city had been destroyed because it had forbidden any alarm to be given of an approaching enemy became almost proverbial.

565. Aegaeon, another name of the hundred-handed Briareus, whom Virgil reckons among the giants.

568. paribus, simply emphasizing the idea that he had a hundred hands, all equally serviceable.

570. ut semel, etc.: this serves to explain v. 557.

571. adversa pectora, full at their chests.

575. biiugis albis, a pair of white steeds.

581. non Diomedis, etc., from all of which Æneas had escaped; cf. Il. v. 311, and xx. 290.

587. laevo: he doubtless stood on the right, and Liger on the left, and as he planted himself for a stroke he leaned forward at the same time to urge on the horses, and just at that moment the spear struck.

592. fuga, cf. v. 572.

598. sine, spare, lit. let go.

609. non vivida, etc., i.e. it is Venus' assistance that maintains them, not their own prowess.

613. decebat, see § 308, c; G. 246, R.2; H. 476, 4.

614. namque, surely, used here in an earlier affirmative sense like enim; cf. viii. 84.

617. nunc, now, as it is, since you no longer love me. — pio, guiltless. 618. tamen, "though I cannot save him, yet he has claims to divine protection."

622. caduco, for a doomed man.

623. hoc ita ponere, i.e. grant only this and no more.

628. quid si, ah, if. The grammatical apodosis would be quid esset or the like, which, as with "what if" in English, is regularly suppressed. 631. quod, and, strictly, "as to which."

636. nube, abl. of material.

637. in faciem, equivalent to in faciem factum, hence in with the accusative.

640. euntis, of his gait.

648. animo turbidus, with darkened mind.

650. tellus, i.e. a tomb.

652. gaudia, his cherished hopes, the joy of his hope, which flies off in empty air, taking no effect.

654. expositis, run out.

660. revoluta, again remeasured, cf. ix. 391. The ships might be said revolvere iter or aequora.

661. illum autem, but Turnus.

666. salutis, see § 218, c; G. 374, R.2; H. 399, iii. 1.

668. crimine, i.e. the charge of cowardly flight which he seems to have incurred. - poenas, the disgrace of flight.

670. fuga, escape, from his present imprisonment. — quem, in what plight, returning as a runaway from the field.

672. quid, i.e. facient, what of?

673. quosne, continuing the question in quid, what of those, etc.? 675. ago, shall I do?

679. sequatur, subj. of purpose.

683. fluctibus, dative.

686. animi, see § 218, c, R.; G. 374, R.3; H. 399, iii. 1.

688. urbem, Ardea.

698. sed, alike they perished, but one flying, the other coming on. 703. una nocte, Mimas was born the same night as Paris. 704. face, cf. vii. 320.

705. creat: many editors read after Bentley's conjecture Paris, as the subject of occubat, but it does not seem unnatural that the lastmentioned person should be understood as subject, and it must be noticed that the last clause is connected by et as an independent statement, not by qua (nocte) as a subordinate clause. At any rate, in poetry one would rather trust even a traditional Virgil than a well-authenticated Bentley. 708. Vesulus, a mountain of the Cottian Alps.

712. irasci, to vent his rage, by attacking the boar.

717 (714). There has evidently been a misplacement of the verses in the manuscripts, which is indicated by the numbers in the margin. 719. Corythi, cf. iii. 170.

726. profugus, the short u is justified by the cæsura.

722. confugis, i.e. a gift woven by her.

725. surgentem in cornua, high towering with his horns, cf. con

surgit in ensem, ix. 749.

731. infracta, broken in the wound.

763. turbidus, wildly.

781. alieno, intended for another.

784. terga, used here of the linen thickness from its constant use for leather covering.