these circumstances the general proposed to his army-surgeon, Desgenettes, to administer to his patients a dose of opium. But this nobleminded man replied: "My calling is to cure men, not to kill them." As their conversation became known, the report spread that the order of poisoning the sick was given and executed. The soldiers believed it, Marshal Bertrand avowed his belief in it to Napoleon himself, and several historians have repeated the story. The Emperor, however, in his conversations with O'Meara in St. Helena denied its truth. He said one of his subaltern officers had suggested the plan, and he himself had thought it perfectly lawful. "If my own son," said he, "had been in that situation, I would have acted towards him in the same manner." The probability is that the poison was put near the sick, and that they were told by the surgeon they might use it in case they wished - but not that they were poisoned against their will by order of Napoleon.— P. LANFREY.

2. Translate either of the two following passages into English :

Le moment politique est grave, personne ne le conteste. Au dedans, toutes les questions sociales remises en question, toutes les membrures du corps politique tordues, refondues, ou reforgées dans la fournaise d'une révolution, sur l'enclume sonore des journaux; le retentissement perpétuel de la tribune sur la presse et de la presse sur la tribune; l'émeute qui fait la morte. Au dehors, çà et là, des peuples tout entiers qu'on assassine, qu'on déporte en masse, ou qu'on met aux fers; l'Irlande dont on fait un cimetière, l'Italie dont on fait un bagne, la Sibérie qu'on peuple avec la Pologne; partout d'ailleurs quelque chose de vermoulu qui se disloque, et pour les oreilles attentives le bruit sourd que font les révolutions, encore enfouies dans la sape, en poussant leurs galeries souterraines sous tous les royaumes de l'Europe. Enfin, au dehors comme au dedans, les croyances en lutte, les consciences en travail; de nouvelles religions qui bégayent des formules; les vieilles religions qui font peau neuve. Rome, la cité de la foi, qui va se redresser peutêtre à la hauteur de Paris, la cité de l'intelligence; les théories, les imaginations et les systèmes aux prises avec le vrai; la question de l'avenir déjà explorée et sondée comme celle du passé. Voilà où nous en sommes au mois de novembre 1831.-V. HUGO.

3. An einem sonnenklaren Morgen begegneten einander zwei Jünglinge im Walde. Es war in dem grossen Waldgebirge, der Spessart genannt, welches die Grenze zwischen den lustigen rheinischen Gauen und dem gesegneten Frankenlande macht. Der eine kam von Abend, der andere von Morgen; ihre Thiere waren so verschieden als die Richtung ihres Weges. Der vom Morgen sass auf einem gelben fröhlich dahintrabenden Rösslein, und stolzirte stattlich im bunten Wappenro k unter rothem Sammet-Baret, von welchem die Reiher-Federn niederwallten. Der vom Abend trug eine schwarze Kappe ohne Abzeichen, einen langen Schüler-Mantel von gleicher Farbe, und ritt auf einem bescheidenen Maulthiere. Als der junge Ritter dem fahrenden Schüler sich genähert hatte, hielt er seinen Gelben an, bot dem andern freundlich die Tageszeit, und sagte: "Guter Gesell, ich wollte so eben absteigen und meinen Morgen-Imbiss verzehren. Da aber zum Spiele, zur Minne und zum Mahle zwei gehören, wenn diese Dinge lustig von Statten gehen sollen, so wollte ich euch bitten abzusteigen und mein

Gesellschafter zu sein. Eurem Grauen würde ein Maul voll Gras nicht minder schmecken als meinem Gelben. Der Tag wird heiss, und den Thieren ist einige Rast vonnöthen." Der Schüler war mit dem Vorschlage zufrieden. Beide stiegen ab; ein Knappe der dem Ritter gefolgt war nahm die beiden Thiere in Empfang, reichte seinem Herrn aus dem Schnappsack Flasche und Becher nebst Brod und Fleisch, und beide setzten sich an der Landstrasse zwischen den Blumen nieder und assen.-IMMERMANN.

1. Draw a map of Britain under the Romans, marking the division into provinces, and some of the chief towns.

2. Explain the following terms: leodgild, hoyhinder, heriot, primer seisin, sub-infeudation.

3. Write out the essential clauses of Magna Charta. As confirmed by Henry III., a clause was omitted? In what lies the chief importance of the Confirmatio Chartarum, 25 Edward I. ?

4. What were the five points of the Chartists (1838) ?

5. Give an account of Babington's Conspiracy. What evidence was produced against Mary?

6. Relate the events from the death of Cromwell to May 29, 1660. 7 What events led to the War of the Spanish Succession?

8. Describe

(a). The battle of Trafalgar.

(b). The battle of Waterloo.

9. Give an account of the chief salutary laws passed in the reign of Charles II.

10. Write a notice of the Court of Star Chamber.

GEOGRAPHY.

MR. PANTON.

1. Name in order the five most populous towns of England, Ireland, and Scotland, respectively; giving the counties in which they are situated, and their approximate populations.

2. Draw a map of Africa, and mark on it the principal towns, lakes, and the courses of the most remarkable rivers.

3. Name the most important of the United States of America, with their chief towns: and point out the historical origin of the names of the States in any instances you can.

4. Name the leading seaport towns of Europe on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, with the countries to which they belong.

5. Name the chief rivers of Russia, with the most important towns situated on them, and the seas into which they flow.

6. Where are the following places :-Gulf of Aden, Straits of Magellan, Quito, Khelat, Lima, Wellington, Danzig, Disco, Philippine Islands, Smith Sound, Zanzibar, Cook Strait, Corunna, Trincomalee, Lancaster Sound, Herzegovina, Nice, Ujiji, Adelaide, Smyrna ?

7. What are the arguments to prove the rotundity of the Earth, and its rotation on an axis?

8. What are the most extensive deserts on the Earth, and what is remarkable about their distribution ?

9. Give the classification of Winds, and their causes.

10. Describe the formation of coral islands.

EXAMINATION FOR LICENSE IN ENGINEERING.

MECHANICS AND HYDROSTATICS.

MR. GALBRAITH.

I. Prove that the pressure against the outer rail is nearly expressed as follows:

in which m is the rate in miles per hour, T the weight of locomotive in tons, and y the number of yards in radius of curve.

2. Prove that the sagitta of an arc of one chain long is equal to the super-elevation of the outer rail, if the guage be 4 feet 7 inches, snd the velocity of train about 42 miles an hour.

3. If A, B, C be the three principal moments of inertia with reference to a point, and M the moment round any axis passing through the point, and making angles a, ß, y with the principal axes, prove that

M = A cosa + B cos2 B + C cos2 y.

4. Find the moment of inertia of a rectangular parallelopiped whose sides are a, b, c round its diagonal.

5. State the principle of Robins' ballistic pendulum, and show how the velocity of impact may be determined by the deviation from the vertical position caused by the shock.

6. If the coefficient of rupture of oak be 1600, what will be the breaking weight at the centre of a beam 30 feet long, 7 inches square?

7. Deduce from D'Alembert's principle the following expression for the angular velocity 2, impressed by a given number of shocks on a body having a fixed axis:

Σ (mvp)

Σ (mr)

8. Define the metacentre of a floating body, and deduce the expression for its distance from the centre of buoyancy.

9. Define centre of pressure, and show how its position may be determined.

10. Define centre of percussion, and find its position in a uniform straight rod having one of its extremities fixed.

MR. LESLIE.

1. How does it appear that there is an economy of power in using stem at a high rather than at a low pressure?

There is no economy of fuel in evaporating water at a low temperature, or in using liquids which boil at a lower temperature than water? 2. Describe the experiments which may be made to illustrate the spheroidal state of a liquid.

3. State the circumstances which influence evaporation, and show how to calculate the effect which the moisture in the atmosphere has upon the density of the air.

4. Give Wells' theory of the formation of dew, and any additions which have since been made to it.

5. Give experiments to illustrate the mechanical sources of heat, and show how to calculate the amount of heat due to percussion.

6. Show how to calculate the mechanical effect due to the evaporation of water; and find the effect of evaporating a gallon of water at a pressure of 35 lbs.

7. The cylinder of a non-condensing engine is 15 inches, the evaporation half a cubic foot per minute, velocity of piston 230 feet per minute; find the horse-power, steam being admitted during the whole stroke.

8. Deduce the relation which connects the velocity of the piston, the evaporation, the horse-power, and the dimensions of the cylinder in a low-pressure condensing engine.

9. Deduce the equation connecting the weight of a locomotive, and its speed in miles per hour.

10. Calculate the quantity of heat utilised in a double-acting engine.

CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY.

DR. APJOHN.

1. What is the common method of developing CO2, and what products are formed when it is passed in excess into a solution of slaked lime?

2. How do you prepare hydrochloric acid gas, and what are the results when it is conducted into a solution of a salt of silver, or into one of mercurous nitrate ?

3. Write the formula of manganite and pyrolusite, and explain the action of hydrochloric acid on each.

4. How is sulphide of hydrogen prepared, and what is its action upon the soluble salts of silver, copper, and zinc ?

5. When H2S is passed in excess through a solution of KHO, what is the compound formed, and how is it converted into K2S?

6. What are the steps in the process for preparing sulphuric acid, and how would you free it from saline matter, and from arsenious acid and nitrous anhydride, should such impurities be present?

7. What is the nature of water of ammonia, how is it made, and what action does it exert on ferric chloride, alum, blue vitriol, and white vitriol ?

8. Explain a mode of preparing sulphurous anhydride, and the change which it experiences when brought into contact with an aqueous solution of zodine.

9. Enumerate the ordinary saline constituents of a potash water, and specify those which confer a greater or less degree of hardness according to the quantities of them which are present. Explain also why some hard waters give no precipitate on being boiled.

10. What is meant by the active silex of a hydraulic mortar, and how would you determine its amount?

11. In experimenting on a specimen of limestone how, without burning it, would you be enabled to conclude whether it would, or would not, yield a hydraulic lime.

12. Give the formula of copper pyrites, and the system in which it crystallizes. Explain also how you would effect its analysis.

13. What is the difference as to composition between sparry iron ore and clay-iron-stone, and how would you make the analysis of the latter ?

14. Write the formula of iron pyrites, magnetic pyrites, and mispickel, and state the system in which each crystallizes ?

15. Write in separate columns lists of monad, dyad, triad, and tetrad elements.

16. Mention the crystallographic characters of the different systems, and give the notation of some one simple form in each of the systems. 17. Some hard waters are softened by boiling, some are not. this explained?

18. A silicate upon analysis gave the following results :

How is

1. Draw up a list of the several heads which all specifications should contain, and state the general conditions and clauses common to all