the middle sort of people, who keep their wishes within their fortunes, there are none can be properly called rich, who have not more than they and have more wealth than they know how to enjoy. Persons of a higher rank live in a kind of splendid poverty, and are perpetually wanting, because, instead of acquiescing in the solid pleasures of life, they endeavour to outvy one another in shadows and appearances.SPECTATOR.

Translate into Latin Prose:

Ultimately, therefore, they were content with a few isolated victims. It was of primary importance to remove Cato, who made no secret of his conviction as to the nullity of all the Julian laws, and who was a man to act as he thought. Such a man Marcus Cicero was certainly not, and they did not give themselves the trouble to fear him. But the democratic party, which played the leading part in the coalition, could not possibly after its victory leave unpunished the judicial murder of the 5th December, 691, which it had so loudly and so justly censured. Had they wished to bring to account the real authors of the fatal decree, they ought to have seized not on the pusillanimous consul, but on the section of the strict aristocracy which had urged the timorous man to that execution. But in formal law it was certainly not the advisers of the consul, but the consul himself, that was responsible for it, and it was above all the gentler course to call the consul alone to account, and to leave the senatorial college wholly out of the case; for which reason in the grounds of the proposal directed against Cicero the decree of the senate, in virtue of which he ordered the execution, was directly described as supposititious. Even against Cicero the regents would gladly have avoided steps that attracted attention; but he could not prevail on himself either to give to the regents the guarantees which they required, or to banish himself from Rome under one of the feasible pretexts on several occasions offered to him, or even to keep silence. With the utmost desire to avoid any offence, and the most sincere alarm, he yet had not self-control enough to be prudent; the word had to come out, when a petulant witticism stung him, or when his self-conceit, almost rendered crazy by the praise of so many noble lords, gave vent to the well cadenced periods of the plebeian advocate.-MoMMSEN.

Translate the following passage into Greek verse:→

TAM. Stay, Roman brethren;-Gracious conqueror,
Victorious Titus, rue the tears I shed,
A mother's tears in passion for her son:
And, if thy sons were ever dear to thee,
O, think my son to be as dear to me.
Sufficeth not that we are brought to Rome,
To beautify thy triumphs and return,
Captive to thee, and to thy Roman yoke ?
But must my sons be slaughter'd in the streets,
For valiant doings in their country's cause?

O if to fight for king and common weal
Were piety in thine, it is in these.
Andronicus, stain not thy tomb with blood.
Wilt thou draw near the nature of the gods?
Draw near them then in being merciful.
Sweet mercy is nobility's true badge;
Thrice noble Titus, spare my first-born son.

Translate the following passage into Latin verse:—

The tears I shed must ever fall;

I mourn not for an absent swain,
For thought may past delights recal,
And parted lovers meet again.
I weep not for the silent dead,

Their toils are past, their sorrows o'er;
And those they lov'd their steps shall tread,
And death shall join to part no more.

Though boundless oceans roll between,
If certain that his heart is near,
A conscious transport glads each scene,
Soft is the sigh and sweet the tear:
E'en when by death's cold hand removed
We mourn the tenant of the tomb,
To think that e'en in death he loved
Can gild the horrors of the gloom.

But bitter, bitter are the tears

Of her who slighted love bewails,
No hope her dreary prospect cheers,
No pleasing melancholy hails :
Hers are the pangs of wounded pride,
Of blasted hope, of withered joy,
The flattering veil is rent aside,

The flame of love burns to destroy.

ÆSCHYLUS.

MR. MAHAFFY.

Translate the following passages:

1. Beginning, ΧΟ. μήποτ' ἐμὸν κατ' αἰῶνα λίποι θεῶν, κ τ. λ. Ending, τούτῳ γὰρ "Αρης βόσκεται, φόνῳ βροτῶν.

2. Beginning, ΒΑ. δοκεῖτε δή μοι τῆσδε κοινωνεῖν χθονὸς, κ. τ. λ. Ending, ΒΑ. σθένος μὲν οὕτως μεῖζον αὔξεται βροτοῖς.

3. Beginning, ξυλλάβοι δ ̓ ἐνδίκως, κ.τ.λ.

Ending, ἄτα δ' ἀποστατεῖ φίλων.

4. Beginning, μᾶτερ ἅ μ' ἔτικτες, ὦ μᾶτερ, κ. τ. λ. Ending, δέσμιος φρενῶν, ἀφορμικτος, αὐονὰ βροτοῖς.

1. Did the Greek dramatists observe the same persistency of character in different plays that we do?

What reason can you give for their practice?

2. What influence may Epicharmus have had upon these characters ?

3. Defend Euripides from the charge of lowering tragedy.

4. What are the main contrasts between a Greek and a modern tragedy?

5. Explain the general plan of the Greek stage.

6. Is the Chorus, as O. Müller says, the ideal spectator?

7. What Greek tragedians are known after Euripides?

8. Where are the best MSS. of Eschylus to be found?

9. Compare Shakspere's "Macbeth" with the " Agamemnon."

10. What historical character is supposed to have been pointed at by Eschylus in his " Prometheus"?

Metaphysics.

MILL'S LOGIC, AND HAMILTONS LECTURES.

DR. STUBBS,

1. What examples does Mill give of the fallacy that the conditions of a phenomenon must resemble the phenomenon (1) from physics; (2) frɔm metaphysics?

2. How does he examine the fallacies involved in the view of the encouragement given to industry by lavish expenditure; and in the common arguments against Free Trade?

3. Give instances of the fallacy of induction by simple enumeration. 4. What is properly the fallacy of False Analogy? and give instances, 5. What is the fallacy involved in the Mercantile Theory of Political Economy, and in the logical puzzle of Achilles and the tortoise ?

6. How do intuition aud representative cognitions differ-(a) as acts; (B) in relation to their objects; (y) as judgments?

7. What does Hamilton make to be the real difference between primary and secondary qualities?

8. How does he criticise Stewart's theory of the perception of visible figure?

9. How does he designate the cognitions which originate in the mind itself; and the operations of the discursive or elaborative faculty?

10. How does he state the difference between Sensation and Perception ?

II. What are the five reasons assigned by different classes of philosophers for refusing to accept the immediate perception of external things? and how does Hamilton reply to them?

MILL ON HAMILTON, AND KANT,

MR. PANTON.

1. What important principle, of wide application in philosophy, is laid down by Hamilton in his discussion of the identity of feeling and consciousness?

Mill employs this principle in answering an objection to his theory of the belief in an external world?

2. How does Mill differ from Hamilton as to the true test of a primary or universal belief?

How far does Mr. Herbert Spencer agree with Hamilton on this question?

3. Give Bain's analysis of Extension.

State Mr. Mahaffy's objections to this analysis, with Mill's replies. Mr. Mahaffy, in his Critical Philosophy, points out certain defects in these replies, and advances additional arguments against Mill?

4. State Hamilton's arguments against founding Causality on Association, with Mill's reply.

What examples does Mansel bring forward against the Association theory, and how is he met by Mill?

5. How does Kant describe the revolution in the sciences of Mathematics and Physics which put them in the path of sure progress?

Mr. Lewes falls into an error in the interpretation of the passage bearing on this subject?

6. How does Kant show that his distinction of phenomena and thingsper-se is the only safeguard of morality?

7. That there do exist, in human cognition, a priori judgments Kant proves in two ways?

8. What objection is brought against Kant's theory of Time, and how does he reply to it?

Why is no similar objection brought in the case of Space?

MANSEL'S NOTES, AND SCHWEGLER'S HISTORY.

DR. SHAW.

1. Which of the treatises included in the Organon of Aristotle contains most of the essential parts of pure Logic? Characterize the remainder of the Organon and also the Epicurean kavoviký.

2. What three services to Logic does Mansel ascribe to the Schoolmen, and what fourth, commonly ascribed to them, does he reject, and on what grounds?

3. Give the substance of Mansel's observations on the views propounded by Mill, and by St. Hilaire, Kant, and Wolf respectively, respecting the province of Logical Science.

4. Give the distinction between first and second intentions as drawn by Hobbes, and corrected by Mansel. Show also that the distinction is recognised by Boethius and Porphyry.

5. Explain Aristotle's words :

Συλλογισμός τοῦ τί ἐστιν πτώσει διαφέρων τῆς ἀποδείξεως.

6. How does Mansel defend the Syllogism from the charge of being a Petitio Principii ?

7. By what arguments did Zeno endeavour to prove the impossibility of motion and multiplicity, respectively?

8. According to Schwegler, the system of Anaxagoras was one of Eclecticism?

9. What was the problem which Plato set himself to resolve in his Megaric Dialogues?

10. The "Sophista," polemically, and the "Parmenides," irenically, aimed at establishing one and the same conclusion?

II. Plato seems to have varied in his views respecting the relation of the world of Ideas to the world of Sense. Show this by quotations from the "Republic," the "Timæus," the "Laws," the "Statesman,” and the "Phædo."

66

12. Every existing thing in nature," says Aristotle, "is only a possibility that has attained to actuality." Of what modern theory may this ρῆμα σκοτεινὸν be regarded as an anticipation ?

Experimental Physics.

MR. LESLIE.

1. Show how to calculate the heat generated by the combustion of any kind of fuel.

2. Give experiments to prove that liquids and gases are bad conductors of heat. How is it inferred that the conducting power of different gases is different?

3. What mistake led to the supposition that radiation is confined to the surface of a body? How may it be shown that radiation takes place from points below the surface?

4. Describe the experiments which prove that a very small proportion of the heat radiated from an alcohol flame is due to the luminous rays.

5. Give experiments to show that when a substance passes from the liquid to the solid state, heat is developed, and that the solution of a salt is accompanied by a reduction of temperature.

น