WILLIAM I., "The CONQUEROR," born at Falaise, in Normandy, 1025, crowned 25 Dec. 1066, married MAUD, da. of Baldwin 5th, count of Flanders, and by her (who d. 2 Nov. 1083) had issue,

1. ROBERT, who succeeded his father in the duchy of Normandy, and d. 1134.

2. RICHARD, duke of Bernay, d. young. 3. King WILLIAM II.

4. King HENRY I.

5. CECILY, abbess of Caen, in Normandy, d. 1126.

6. CONSTANCE, m. Alan Fergaunt, or the Red, count of Brittany, and earl of Richmond in England, but d. s.p.

7. ADELIZA, d. young.

8. ADELA, or ALICE, m. Stephen, count of Blois, by whom she was mother of king STEPHEN, and other children.

9. GUNDRED, m. William de Warren, earl Warren and Surrey.

10. AGATHA, affianced to Alphonzo, king of Gallicia, but d. unm.

King William d. 19 Sept. 1087, and was succeeded by his second surviving son,

WILLIAM II., surnamed "RUFUS," crowned at Westminster, 26 Sept. 1087, accidentally slain while hunting in the New Forest, 2 Aug. 1100, unmarried, and was buried at Winchester. He was succeeded by his brother,

HENRY I., surnamed "BEAUCLERK," born at Selby, in Yorkshire, 1070, crowned at Westminster, 6 Aug. 1100, married, 11 Nov. 1100, MAUD, da. of Malcolm Canmore, king of Scotland, by Margaret, da. of Edward the Exile, (son of Edmund Ironsides,) and heiress, on the death of her brother, Edgar Atheling, of the Saxon kings of England; by her (who d. 1 May 1118, and was buried at Westminster) he had issue,

1. WILLIAM, duke of Normandy, &c., b. 1102, m., June 1119, Matilda, da. of Fulk, count of Anjou, but was drowned in the great storm, 26 Nov. following, without issue.

2. MAUD, b. 1114 (called by historians the "EMPRESS," from her first marriage with HENRY IV., emperor of Germany).

After the death of her father, she contested the crown of England with his successor, king Stephen; m., 2dly, Geoffry Plantagenet, count of Anjou, and had issue by him, (who d. Sept. 1150,) 1. King HENRY II.; 2. Geoffry, earl of Nantes, d. 1157, s.p.: 3. William, earl of Poictou, d. 1163, s.p. She d. 10 Sept. 1167.

King Henry I. m., 2dly, 2 Feb. 1121, Adeliza, da. of Godfrey, 1st duke of Brabant, by whom (who survived him, and m., 2dly, William de Albini, to whom she took the castle, honour, and earldom of Arundel as her dower) he had no issue. He d. in France, 2 Dec. 1135, and was buried in Reading Abbey, Berks. He was succeeded by his nephew,

STEPHEN, son of Adela, countess of Blois, 4th da. of William the Conqueror, crowned 26 Dec. 1135; married Maud, da. of Eustace, count of Boulogne, by whom (who d. 3 May 1151, and was buried at Feversham, co. Kent) he had issue,

1. BALDWIN, d. young.

2. EUSTACE, earl of Boulogne, m. Constance, sister of Lewis VII. of France, (who re-m. Raymond, earl of St. Giles,) but d. s.p. 1152, of grief occasioned by the composition made by his father, with Henry, son of the empress Maud.

3. WILLIAM, earl of Mortaigne and Boulogne, m. Isabel, da. and h. of William, earl Warren and Surrey, and d. s.p. 1159.

4. MARY, d. young.

5. MARY, countess of Boulogne and Mortaigne, m. Matthew, younger son of Theodore, count of Flanders, and had issue.

King Stephen was compelled by the empress Maud to acknowledge her son as his successor in the crown of England. He d. 25 Oct. 1154, and was buried at Feversham, co. Kent, being succeeded on the throne pursuant to the treaty, by his cousin,

HENRY II., born 1133, crowned 19 Dec. 1155, married, 1151, ELEANOR, eldest da. and co-h. of William 5th, duke of Aquitaine, the divorced wife of Lewis VII. of France, by whom (who d. 26 June 1202) he had issue,

1. WILLIAM, d. young.

2. HENRY, b. 1155, crowned at Westminster, 15 July 1170, by command of his father; m. 1173, Margaret, only da. of Lewis VII., king of France, (who re-m. Bela 3d, king of Hungary,) but d. s.p. 11 June 1182. 3. King RICHARD I.

4. GEOFFRY, earl of Brittany and Richmond, b. 23 Sept. 1158, m. Constance, da. and h. of Conan, (le petit,) count of Brittany, and was accidentally killed in a tournament at Paris, 19 Aug. 1186, leaving issue by her (who survived him, and m., 2dly, Ralph Blundeville, earl of Chester; and 3dly, Guy, viscount de Thouars, and d. 1201) a son, Arthur, b. posthumous, 1186, who contested the crown of England with his uncle, John, but d. in an attempt to escape from the castle of Rouen, unm.; and a da., Eleanor, who also d. unm. 1241.

5. King JOHN.

6. MAUD, m. Henry the Lyon, duke of Brunswick, ancestor of the present royal family of England.

7. ELEANOR, m. Alphonzo VIII., king of Castile.

8. JOAN, m., 1st, William II., king of Sicily; and, 2dly, Raymond, count of Thoulouse.

King Henry II. d. 7 July 1189, and was buried at Fontevraud, in Anjou; he was succeeded by his eldest surviving son,

RICHARD I., surnamed "CŒUR DE LION," born Sept. 1157, married, 1190, BERENGARIA, da. of Sancho, 6th king of Navarre, by whom he had no issue; and being slain by an arrow at the siege of Chaluz, in Limosin, 6 April 1199, was buried at Fontevraud, and the throne was usurped by his next surviving brother,

JOHN, surnamed "LACKLAND," born 1166; crowned 27 May 1199; contracted, 1173, to ALICE, eldest da. and co-h. of Humbert, 3d earl of Maurienne, (now called Savoy,) but her death prevented the completion of the marriage: married ISABEL, 3d da. and co-h. of William, earl of Gloucester, (with whom he acquired that earldom,) but was afterwards divorced from her on the plea of consanguinity; (her grandfather, Robert, consul or earl of Gloucester, having been a natural son of king Henry I., and she re-m. Geffrey Mandeville, earl of Essex ;) and he m. again, 1200, ISABEL, da. of Aymer, count of Angoulême, by whom he had issue,

1. King HENRY III.

2. RICHARD, b. 1209, created earl of Cornwall, and elected, 1256, king of the Romans; m., 1st, 1230, Isabel, 3d da. of William Marshall, earl of Pembroke, and co-h. of her brothers, Walter, William, Richard, and Gilbert, successively earls of Pembroke, by whom he had issue 4 sons and 1 da., who all d. young or unm. He m., 2dly, Sanchia, 3d da. and co-h. of Raymond Berenger, count of Provence, by whom (who d. 1261) he had 2 sons, 1. EDMOND, earl of Cornwall,

who succeeded his father, m. Margaret, da, of Richard de Clare, earl of Gloucester and Hertford, but d. without issue; and 2. Richard, killed at the siege of Berwick, unm., 1296. He m., 3dly, Beatrice, niece of the elector of Cologn, who survived him, but by whom he had no issue. Richard, king of the Romans, d. at Berkhampstead, 1271. 3. JOAN, m., 25 June 1221, Alexander 2d, king of Scotland, and d. s.p. 4 March 1238. 4. ELEANOR, m., 1st, William Marshall, the younger, earl of Pembroke; and, 2dly, Simon Montfort, earl of Leicester.

5. ISABEL, 6. 1214, m., 20 July 1235, Frederick 2d, emperor of Germany, and d. 1 Dec. 1241.

King John d. 19 Oct. 1216, and was buried in Worcester cathedral; he was succeeded by his son,

HENRY III., born 1 Oct. 1206, crowned 28 Oct. 1216, married, 14 Jan. 1236, ELEANOR, 2d da. and co-h. of Raymond Berenger, count of Provence, and by her (who survived him, and died a nun at Ambresbury, co. Wilts, 25 June 1291) had issue, 1. King EDWARD I.

2. EDMOND, (surnamed Crouchback, from his having taken the cross,) b. 16 Jan. 1245, earl of Lancaster, Leicester, and Derby, lord of Monmouth, and steward of England, m., 1st, 1269, Avelina, da. and h. of William de Fortibus, earl of Albemarle, by whom he had no issue; and, 2dly, Blanche, da. of Robert, count of Artois, and widow of Henry, of Champaigne, king of Navarre, and countess palatine of Champaigne and Brie, by whom he had issue,

1. Thomas, who succeeded his father, m. Alice, da. and h. of Henry Lacy, earl of Lincoln, with whom he acquired that earldom, but was beheaded, 15 Edw. II., leaving no issue.

2. Henry, succeeded his brother, m. Maud, da. and h. of sir Patrick Chaworth, knt., and d. 1345, leaving issue 6 das., 1. Blanche, m. Thomas, lord Wake, of Lydell, and d. s.p.; 2. Maud, m., 1st, William de Burgh, earl of Ulster, (by whom she had an only da., Elizabeth, m. Lionel, duke of Clarence, son of king Edward III.;) and, 2dly, Ralph, lord Stafford; 3. Joan m. John, lord Mowbray, of Axholme, ancestor of the Mowbrays, dukes of Norfolk; 4. Isabel, abbess of Ambresbury; 5. Eleanor, m., 1st, John de Beaumont, son and h. of Henry, earl of Buchan, in Scotland; and, 2dly, Richard Fitz-Alan, earl of Arundel; 6. Mary, m. Henry, lord Percy, father of the 1st earl of Northumberland; and 1 son, Henry, who was created duke of Lancaster, 25 Edw. III., and d. 1360, leaving 2 das. his co-hh., Maud, m. William, duke of Bavaria, but d. s.p., and Blanche, m. John of Gaunt, 3d son of king Edward III.

3. John, lord of Beaufort and Nugent, in France, d. unm.

3. 4. 5. 6. RICHARD, JOHN, WILLIAM, and HENRY, all d. young.

7. MARGARET, b. 1241, m. Alexander 3d, king of Scotland, and had issue.

8. BEATRICE, b. 1242, m. John de Dreux, duke of Brittany.

9. KATHERINE, b. 1253, d. an infant. King Henry III. d. 16 Nov. 1272, and was buried at Westminster; he was succeeded by his son,

EDWARD I., born 17 June 1239, crowned 19 Aug. 1274, married, 1st, 1254, Eleanor, da. of Ferdinand 3d, king of Castile, and by her (who d. 27 Dec. 1290) had issue,

1. 2. 3. JOHN, HENRY, and ALPHONSO, all d. young.

4. EDWARD, prince of Wales, (the first of the royal house of England who had that title,) afterwards king Edward II.

5. ELEANOR, m., 1294, Henry, earl of Barre, in France.

6. JOAN, (surnamed of Acres, from her birth in that city,) b. 1272, m., 1st, 1290, Gilbert de Clare, earl of Gloucester and Hertford; and 2dly, Ralph de Monthermer, and had issue by both.

7. MARGARET, b. 1275, m., 1290, John, 2d duke of Brabant.

8. 9. BERENGER and ALICE, d. infants. 10. MARY, a nun.

11. ELIZABETH, b. 1284, m., 1st, 1298, John 4th, count of Holland, by whom she had no issue; and, 2dly, Humphry de Bohun, earl of Hereford and Essex, and constable of England, by whom she had issue. 12. 13. BEATRIX and BLANCH, d. infants. King Edward m., 2dly, 8 Sept. 1299, Margaret, eldest da. of Philip III., (the Bold,) king of France, by whom, who survived him and d. 1317, he had issue,

14. THOMAS, (of Brotherton,) earl of NORFOLK, and Marshal of England, b. 1 June 1300, m. Alice, da. of sir Roger Halys, knt., and d. 1338, having had issue a son, Edward, who d. in his father's lifetime without issue; and 2 das., 1. Margaret, created duchess of Norfolk, m., 1st, John, lord Segrave, by whom she had a da. and h., Elizabeth, m. John, lord Mowbray, ancestor of the Mowbrays, dukes of Norfolk; the duchess of Norfolk m., 2dly, sir Walter Manny, and had issue; 2. Alice, m. Edward de Montague, and had issue an only child, Joan, m. to William de Ufford, earl of Suffolk, but d. s.p.

15. EDMOND, (of Woodstock,) earl of KENT, b. 5 Aug. 1301, m. Margaret, da. of John, and sister and h. of Thomas, lord Wake. He was beheaded 1329, leaving issue 2 sons, Edmond, and John, successively earls of Kent, who both d. without issue; and a da., Joan, the fair maid of Kent, m., 1st, sir Thomas Holland, K.G., created earl of Kent; 2dly, William Montague, earl of Salisbury, from which she was divorced; and, 3dly, Edward, the Black Prince, by whom she was mother of king Richard II.

16. ELEANOR, d. an infant.

King Edward I. d. 7 July 1307, and was

buried at Westminster, being succeeded by his son,

EDWARD II., (surnamed of Caernarvon,) born 25 April 1284, crowned 28 Feb. 1307-8; married, 28 Jan. 1307-8, ISABEL, da. of Philip the IV., (Le Bel,) king of France, and had issue by her, (who d. 22 Aug. 1357,) 1. EDWARD, Prince of Wales, afterwards king Edward III.

2. JOHN, (of Eltham,) earl of Cornwall, d. unm. 1334.

3. JOAN, m., 1329, David Bruce, king of Scotland, and d. without issue, 1357.

4. ELEANOR, m., 1332, Raynald, 2d earl of Gueldres, and had issue.

King Edward II., being deposed and murdered, 25 Jan. 1326-7, was buried at Gloucester, and succeeded by his son,

EDWARD III., (surnamed of Windsor,) Founder of the Order of the Garter, born 13 Nov. 1312; crowned 1 Feb. 1327; married, 1327, PHILIPPA, 3d da. of William, count of Hainault, by whom (who d. 15 Aug. 1369) he had issue,

1. EDWARD, Prince of Wales, (surnamed the BLACK PRINCE,) b. 15 June 1330, m., 1361, Joan, countess of Kent, only da. of Edmond, of Woodstock, earl of Kent, his great uncle, and widow of sir Thomas Holland, K.G.; and by this lady (who survived him, and d. 1386) he had 2 sons, 1. Edward, b. 1365, d. an infant; 2. RICHARD, afterwards king Richard II. Edward, prince of Wales, d. in his father's lifetime, 8 July 1376.

2. WILLIAM, (of Hatfield,) b. 1336, d. an infant.

3. LIONEL, (of Antwerp,) duke of CLARENCE, and earl of Ulster, b. 29 Nov. 1338; m., 1352, Elizabeth, da. and h. of William de Burgh, earl of Ulster, and by her (who d. 1363) he had issue an only child, Philippa, b. 13 Aug. 1355; m., 1368, Edmond Mortimer, earl of March, and had issue by him 3 sons, Roger, earl of March, sir Edmond, who settled in Scotland, and sir John, who was hanged s.p. 1424, and 2 das., Elizabeth, m. Henry, lord Percy, (surnamed Hotspur,) and Philippa, m., 1st, John Hastings, earl of Pembroke; 2dly, Richard Fitz Alan, earl of Arundel; and 3dly, sir John Poynings, lord St. John, but left no surviving issue by either husband. Roger Mortimer, earl of March, eldest son of Philippa, m. Eleanor, eldest da. of Thomas Holland, earl of Kent, and was killed in Ireland, 1398, leaving by her (who re-m. Edward Charlton, lord Powis, and d. 1405) 3 children, viz. 1. Edmond, earl of March, who, on the death of king Richard II., became, according to the laws of descent, rightful heir of the English crown, and was in consequence kept a close prisoner by king Henry IV., and d. in confinement at Trim Castle in Ireland, without issue, 1424; 2. Anne, who became heiress of her house, and conveyed its claims on the