THIS noble family is derived from Fyfe Macduff, who was a man of considerable wealth and power temp. king Kenneth II. of Scotland, and gave that prince great assistance in his wars with the Picts, about the year 834. On their reduction, 840, king Kenneth gave to this Macduff, in reward of his services, all the lands then called Othelinia, which he himself had conquered from the Picts, and which extended from Fifeness to Clackmannan, from east to west, and from the river Forth on the south, to the rivers Tay and Erne on the north. Of this tract of land, which he called Fife, he was appointed hereditary thane, or baron; and this dignity was enjoyed by his posterity in a direct line to Macduff, the 8th thane, who having contributed to the restoration of King Malcolm Canmore, that king confirmed to him his county of Fife, and created him earl thereof in 1057, or 1061. The title of earl became extinct in 1353, on the death of Duncan, the 13th earl, without issue male. From the same ancestor descended David Duff, ancestor of the present earl, to whom Robert III., 1401, granted considerable lands, and the barony of Muldavit, which continued to be one of the chief titles of the family, until alienated in the beginning of the reign of Charles I.

WILLIAM DUFF, of Dipple and Braco, 1727, represented co. Banff in parliament, and steadily adhered to the interests of his country, but preferring a private to a public life, declined to be returned to the next parliament. He was created lord Braco, of Kilbryde, by the privy seal of queen Caroline, when regent, bearing date at Kensington, 17 June, and by patent at Dublin, 28 July 1735; and was further created viscount Macduff and earl of Fife, 26 April 1759. His lordship, during the rebellion in Scotland,

joined the duke of Cumberland at Aberdeen, in March 1745, and made a free offer of his services to the government in any way his majesty should require. He m., 1st, Janet Ogilvie, da. of James, earl of Findlater and Seafield, and chancellor of Scotland; but by her (who d. 1722) had no issue; he m., 2dly, Jean, da. of sir James Grant, of Grant, bart.; and d. 30 Sept. 1763, having had issue by her (who survived him, and d. 16 Jan. 1788) 7 sons and 7 das., viz.

1. WILLIAM, b. 1726, d. unm. March 1753. 2. JAMES, 2d earl.

3. ALEXANDER, 3d earl.

4. GEORGE, m., 7 April 1757, Frances, da. of gen. Dalzell, and d. 23 Nov. 1818, leaving issue one son, George.

5. PATRICK, d. an infant.

6. LEWIS, m. Deborah, da. of Griffith Davis, of Harwich, co. Essex, esq., and d. 14 Oct. 1811, leaving no issue.

7. ARTHUR, an advocate, d. unm. 25 April 1805.

8. ANNE, m. Alexander Duff, of Hatton, North Britain, esq., and d. 5 June 1805.

9. JANET, b. 1728, m., 1st, to sir William Gordon, of Park, bart.; and, 2dly, George Hay, of Montblairy, esq., and d. 3 March 1758.

10. JEAN, m., 25 Oct. 1753, Keith Urquhart, of Meldrum, esq., advocate, and sheriff of Banffshire.

11. HELEN, d. 20 Sept. 1778, having m., 1764, Robert Duff, of Loggie, esq., viceadmiral of the red, who commanded at Gibraltar in 1779.

12. SOPHIA-HENRIETTA, m., 7 April 1757, Thomas Wharton, esq., a commissioner of excise in Scotland.

13. CAROLINE, d. unm. 23 April 1765. 14. MARGARET, m., 6 March 1768, James Brodie, of Brodie, North Britain, esq., and

was burnt to death 24 April 1786.

His lordship d. 30 Sept. 1763, and was sueceeded by his son,

JAMES, 2d earl, who was, 19 Feb. 1790, ereated baron Fife, in the Peerage of England; lord-lieut. co. Banff; m., 1766, Dorothea Sinclair, sole h. of Alexander, 9th earl of Caithness, (by Margaret Primrose, da. of Archibald, 4th earl of Roseberry.) The earl d. without issue male, 24 Jan. 1809, when the English barony became extinct, and was succeeded in the earldom and viscounty by his brother,

ALEXANDER, 3d earl, b. 1739, m. Mary, da. of George Skene, of Skene, esq., and. had issue,

1. JAMES, present earl.

2. Sir ALEXANDER, G.C.H., lieut.-gen. in the army, col. 37th foot, m., 16 March 1812, Anne, youngest da. of James Stein, of kilbagie, esq., and has issue,

1. James: 2. George-Skene: 3. Catherine; 4. Louisa.

3. JANE, m., 2 Dec. 1802, Alexander-Francis Taylor, major royal engineers.

4. ANNE, m., 16 Oct. 1809, Richard-Whar ton Duff, of Orton, esq., and d. 24 Jan. 1829.

5. SARAH, &. 1790, m., 20 June 1807, Daniel Collier, of Gray's Inn, esq., and d. 3 March 1811.

by his eldest son,

JAMES, present and 3d earl.

Her Presumptive-To the Irish titles, lieut. gen. the hon. sir ALEXANDER DUFF, only brother to the earl. To the English barony-none.

Creations-Baron, 28 July 1735; Viscount and Earl, 26 April 1750: Baron Fife, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, 1827.

Arma-Quarterly 1st and 4th. Or, a lion rampant gules-Durr. 2d and 3d. Vert, a fess dancette ermine, between a stag's head caboshed or in chief, and two escallops argent in base. Dury of Braco.

Crest-A knight completely armed and mounted on a horse at full speed, holding in his right hand a sword erect, and on his left arm a shield of the arms of Duff (viz or, a lion rampant gules) On his helmet a demi lion rampant gules for crest, and a flowing mantle also gules doubled and tasselled or. The horse clothed over the neck and body, and down to the fetlocks, with a red cloth charged with six shields of

Supporters Two wild men wreathed about the temples and loins with laurel, and holding over the exterior shoulder a branch of oak, all proper.

Motto-irtute et opera. By virtue and labour. And over the crest-Deo adjuvante.

THIS branch of the family of Ludlow, (who, according to Camden, assumed their name from the town of Ludlow, co. Salop,) settled co. Wilts in the middle of the 14th century. Sir Henry Ludlow, knt., of Maiden Bradley, co. Wilts, (whose father, Sir Edmund, m., 2dly, Margaret, relict of viscount Bindon, 2d son of Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk,) m. Letitia, da. of Thomas West, 6th lord Delawarr, was representative in parliament co. Wilts, and d. 1642, leaving issue, Edmund, representative co. Wilts, and the celebrated general of the parliament army d. 1693, in exile, at Vevay, in Switzerland, where a monument is erected to his memory; and Henry, m. da. of William Webster, of in England, esq., and of Newtown-Drangan, co. Tipperary, by Jane, da. of Ralph, and granddaughter to Ralph Rolleston, of Rolleston, co. Nottingham, esq., and of Margaret, 2d da. and co-h. of sir Richard Bingham, of

Watnow, co. Nottingham, knt.

STEPHEN LUDLOW, esq., Henry's only son, settled in Ireland; he studied the law, was named one of the six clerks of the court of chancery, and d. 21 Oct. 1721, leaving issue, by Lachard, a Welsh heiress of large fortune,

1. PETER.

2. WILLIAM, m. Catherine Stopford, sister of James, 1st earl of Courtown, K.P., by whom he had issue.

3. ALICE, m., 28 Feb. 1693, Francis Bernard, of Castle Bernard, esq., great-grandfather of Francis, 1st earl of Bandon, and d. May 1741.

4. ARABELLA, m. David Nixon, esq., of Ravensdale, co. Kildare.

5. ELIZABETH, m. John Rogerson, esq., chief-justice of the court of King's Bench. 6. FRANCES, m. Robert Leslie, esq. PETER, the eldest son, m. Mary, da. and h. of John Preston, of Ardsalla, esq., and

had issue by her, (who was descended from the noble family of Gormanstown, and d. 23 June 1742,)

1. PETER, 1st earl.

2. ALICE, m. John Preston, of Bellinter, esq., and d. 7 Jan. 1788.

3. MARY, m. sir Robert Rich, of Waverley, co. Warwick, bart., and d. 6 Sept. 1755. PETER LUDLOW, 1st earl, b. 21 April 1730, represented co. Huntingdon in parliament, sworn of the privy council in England, and appointed, 30 March 1782, comptroller of his majesty's household; created baron of Ardsalla, 1755, and advanced to the title of viscount Preston, and earl Ludlow, 1760; m., 20 June 1753, Frances Lumley, eldest da. of Thomas, 3d earl of Scarborough, (by Frances, 2d da. of George Hamilton, earl of Orkney, and lineally descended from Anne, duchess of Exeter, sister of king Edward IV.,) and had issue by her, (who d. 20 March 1796,)

1. AUGUSTUS, 2d earl.

2. GEORGE-JAMES, present earl.
3. FRANCES-MARIA, d. 30 Sept. 1804.

4. ANNE-BARBARA, d. unm. 15 Aug. 1833, æt. 73.

5. HARRIETT, d. unm. 12 May 1833. 6. CHARLOTTE, d. unm. 4 April 1831. His lordship d. 26 Oct. 1803, and was succeeded by his eldest son,

AUGUSTUS, 2d earl, b. 1 Jan. 1755, d. unm. 7 Nov. 1811, and was succeeded by his only brother,

GEORGE-JAMES, present and 3d earl.

Heir Presumptive-None.

Creations-Baron Ardsalla, 19 Dec. 1755; Viscount Preston and Earl of Ludlow, 3 Oct. 1760. (Irish titles.) Baron Ludlow, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, 10 Sept.

1831.

THE family of Carpenter is of considerable antiquity in the county of Hereford, where they were seated at a place called the Homme, in the parish of Dilwyn. Thomas Carpenter, grandfather of the 1st lord, d. 1654, leaving several sons, of whom Wharncombe Carpenter, the 8th and youngest, m. Eleanor, da. of William Taylor, of Withington, and d. 1691, leaving 3 sons and 2 das.

GEORGE CARPENTER, 1st lord Carpenter, youngest son of Wharncombe, b. 10 Feb. 1657, lieut.-gen. in the army, and governor of the island of Minorca, was created baron Carpenter, of Killaghy, 29 May 1719; m., 1693, Alice, da. of William, 1st viscount Charlemont, and d. 10 Feb. 1731, leaving issue by her (who d. 7 Oct. 1731) an only son,

GEORGE, 2d lord, b. 20 April 1697, m., 26 Aug. 1722, Elizabeth, only da. and h. of David Petty, of Wanstead, co. Essex, esq., son of John Petty, of Wanstead, co. Essex, esq., and had issue,

1. GEORGE, 3d baron, and 1st earl.

2. ALICIA-MARIA, b. 4 Dec. 1729, m., 1st, 12 March 1760, Charles Wyndham, 2d earl of Egremont; and, 2dly, 8 July 1767, count Bruhl, envoy extraordinary from the court of Saxony, and d. 1 June 1794.

His lordship d. 12 July 1749, and was succeeded by his only son,

GEORGE, 3d lord Carpenter, b. 26 Aug. 1723, advanced to the dignities of viscount Carlingford, and earl of Tyrconnel, 1 May 1761, m., March 1748, Frances, sole da. and h. of sir Robert Clifton, of Clifton, co. Nottingham, bart., K.B., (by Frances Coote, only da. and h. of Nanfan Coote, 2d earl of Bellamont, by Frances, youngest sister of Henry, earl of Grantham,) by whom he had issue,

1. GEORGE, 2d earl.

2. CHARLES, b. 3 Jan. 1757, capt. R.N., m., 19 May 1785, Elizabeth, only da. of Thomas Mackenzie, esq., by Martha Whitaker, niece of admiral sir Edward Whitaker, and d. 5 Sept. 1803, leaving issue, 1. GEORGE, 3d earl.

2. JOHN-DELAVAL, 4th earl. 3. HENRY, d.

4. FRANCES, b. 1 April 1749, d. 15 May 1750.

5. ALMERIA, b. 20 March 1752, d. 5 Oct. 1809.

6. ELIZABETH, b. 15 Aug. 1753.

7. CAROLINE, b. 20 Feb. 1755, m., 28 April 1774, Uvedale Price, of Foxley, co. Hereford, esq., (who was created a bart. 1828,) and d. 16 July 1826.

1. PAUL, m., Sept. 1684, Anne, eldest da. of sir John Gore, of Sacombe, co. Herts, knt., and d. 20 Oct. 1689, leaving issue,

1. Sir Arthur, 2d bart.

2. John, capt. R.N., d. unm. 1641. 3. Catherine, m. Peter Mahon, dean of Elphin.

2. ARTHUR, d. unm. 13 June 1693.

3. WILLIAM, m. Catherine, da. of sir Thomas Newcomen, bart., and had issue.

4. GEORGE, a justice of the Common Pleas, m. Bridget, youngest da. and h. of John Sankey, of Tenelick, co. Longford, esq., and was ancestor of the barons Annaly, extinct.

5. CATHERINE, m. brigadier-gen. Gore, of Clonroad, co. Clare.

6. ELEANOR, m. Richard Wingfield, esq., and was mother of the 1st viscount Powerscourt.

7. Anne, m. John French, of French Park, co. Roscommon, esq.

8. LETTICE, m. hon. William Caulfield, a justice of the King's Bench.

9. ISABELLA; 10. MARY; 11. SARAH; all d. unm.

Sir ARTHUR, 2d bart., grandson and heir, m. Elizabeth, da. of Maurice Annesley, of Little Rath, co. Kildare, esq., grandson of the 1st viscount Valentia, and had issue,

1. Sir ARTHUR, created earl of Arran. 2. PAUL-ANNESLEY, of Cotletstown, co. Sligo.

3. WILLIAM, m. Grissel, da. and co-h. of Francis Heaton, of Mount Eaton, King's county, esq., and d. 5 May 1749.

4. GEORGE; 5. SARAH; both d. young. 6. ANNE, m. John, 1st earl of Altamont. 7. ELEANOR, m. John Wray, esq.

8. ELIZABETH, m. John Cuffe, of Elm Hall, co. Sligo, esq.

Sir ARTHUR, 2d bart., d. 10 Feb. 1741, and was succeeded by his eldest son,

Sir ARTHUR, 3d bart., advanced, 1758, to the dignities of baron Saunders and viscount Sudley, of Castle Gore, and 12 April 1762, created earl of the islands of Arran, co. Galway. His lordship m., 16 March 1730, Jane, heiress of Richard Saunders, of Saunders Court, esq., and widow of William Worth, of Rathfarnham, esq., and had issue,

1. ARTHUR-SAUNDERS, 2d earl. 2. RICHARD, d. 28 Dec. 1807, leaving an only son,

Arthur.

3. PAUL, m. Anne, da. of Oliver Leonard, co. Kilkenny, esq., and had issue.

4. JOHANNA, m., 29 Aug. 1759, Philip Doyne, esq.; and 2dly, Michael Daly, esq.

5. ELIZABETH, m., 15 July 1764, sir John Evans Freke, bart. (See baron Carbery.) The earl d. 17 April 1773, and was succeeded by his son,

ARTHUR SAUNDERS, 2d earl, K.P., b. 25 July 1734; m., 1st, 14 July 1760, Catharine Annesley, only da. of William, viscount Glerawley; and by her (who d. 23 Nov. 1770) had issue,

1. ARTHUR-SAUNDERS, 3d earl.

2. WILLIAM-JOHN, b. 20 Nov. 1767, col. in the army, and master of the horse to the viceroy of Ireland, m., 30 May 1798, Caroline, youngest da. of sir Thomas-Pym Hales, of Howletts, co. Kent, bart., and d. 15 Jan. 1836, leaving issue,

1. PHILIP-YORKE, present earl. 2. William-John-Pym, b. 28 Oct. 1805, in the army, who with his younger brothers and sisters had the precedency of the younger sons and das. of an earl, by royal warrant, 8 Feb. 1837.

3. Annesley-Henry, b. 1 Dec. 1808, in holy orders.

7. Elizabeth-Anne.

8. Emily-Jane.

3. ANNE-JANE, b. April 1763, m., 1st, Oct. 1783, Henry Hatton, of Clonard, co. Wexford, esq.; and 2dly, John, 1st marquess of Abercorn, K.G.

4. ELIZABETH-ARAMINTA, b. April 1764, m., 6 Aug. 1783, Henry Monck, esq.

5. CATHERINE - CHARLOTTE, b. in Sept. 1766, m. John-Evans Freke, 6th lord Carbery.

6. JANE, b. Nov. 1770, m., 6 July 1793, Dudley Loftus, of Killyon, co. Westmeath, esq., and d. 21 July 1833.

The earl m., 2dly, Anne, da. of the rev. Boleyn Knight, of Ottley, co. York, and by her (who d. 1778) had issue,

7. GEORGE, b. in Feb. 1774, dean of Killala, m., 1st, miss Burrowes (who d. 16 Sept. 1819); 2dly, Sophia, da. of sir George Ribton, bart.; and 3dly, July 1823, Maria, widow of Thomas-Bunbury Isaac, of Holywood House, co. Devon, esq.: by his 1st wife he had, besides other issue, a da.,

Sophia, m., 13 Dec. 1822, James-ExamPurefoy Turbett, of Dublin, esq.

8. MARIA-LOUISA, b.June 1775, m. JamesKnox Gore, of Ballina House, co. Westmeath, esq., and d. April 1827.

9. ELEANOR, b. Sept. 1776, m., May 1801, the hon. Frederick Cavendish, son of baroness Waterpark, and d. 21 March 1812.

The earl m., 3dly, in Jan. 1781, Elizabeth, da. of Richard Underwood, esq., and by her (who d. 5 June 1829) had issue,

10. SAUNDERS, b. Aug. 1783, d. 1813. 11. CHRISTIANA, b. Nov. 1784, d. unm. Sept. 1808.

12. JOHN, b. Feb. 1787, d. 1814.

13. CECILIA-LETITIA, m., 14 May 1815, sir George Buggin, of Great Cumberland Place, knt., who d. 12 April 1825; her ladyship took the name of Underwood by royal sign manual, 2 May 1831.

14. ISABELLA, m., 2 March 1816, rev. Charles Douglas, 2d son of the hon. John Douglas, son of James, 15th earl of Morton. 15. EDWARD, R.N., m., 27 Oct. 1822, miss Mary-Anne Douglas, and has issue,

1. Cecilia-Elizabeth, b. 28 Sept. 1823.
2. Mary-Anne, b. 4 March 1825.

3. Augustus-Frederick, b. 1 Feb. 1826. 16. JULIA, m., 23 Dec. 1821, Robert-Manners Lockwood, esq.

17. CHARLES, lieut.-col. and deputy quarter-master-general in Canada, m., and has

issue.

The earl d. 8 Oct. 1809, and was succeeded by his eldest son,

ARTHUR-SAUNDERS, 3d earl, b. 20 July 1761, m., 29 Dec. 1787, Mary, only da. and h. of sir John Tyrell, of Heron Hall, co. Essex, bart., (who d. 31 Aug. 1832,) but dying without issue 20 Jan. 1837, was succeeded by his nephew, PHILIP-YORKE, present and 4th earl.

Heir Presumptive-Hon. WILLIAM-JOHNPYM GORE, the earl's next brother.

Creations Baronet of Ireland, 1662; Viscount and Baron, 15 Aug. 1758; Earl, 12 April 1762.

Arms-Gules, a fess between three cross crosslets fitché, or.

Crest-A wolf rampant argent.

Supporters-Two horses argent.

Motto In hoc signo vinces. Under this sign thou shalt conquer.