Carus Prize.

October, 1856.

Examiners :

REV. C. J. ELLICOTT, M.A. St John's College.
REV. J. GLOVER, M.A. Trinity College.

EXAMINATION FOR BACHELOR'S PRIZE.

1. TRANSLATE and explain fully the following passages:

(α) 'Ο δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, Συνήκατε ταῦτα πάντα; λέγουσιν αὐτῷ Ναί. ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Διὰ τοῦτο πᾶς γραμματεὺς μαθητευθεὶς τῇ βασιλείᾳ τῶν οὐρανῶν ὅμοιός ἐστιν ἀνθρώπῳ οἰκοδεσπότῃ, ὅστις ἐκβάλλει ἐκ τοῦ θησαυροῦ αὐτοῦ καινὰ καὶ παλαιά.

What teaching is referred to in the phrase ταῦτα πάντα? How does it illustrate our Lord's words in the text? Illustrate from other passages

the meaning of ἐκβάλλει.

(β) Εσται γὰρ ἀνάγκη μεγάλη ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ ὀργὴ τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ. Καὶ πεσοῦνται στόματι μαχαίρας, καὶ αἰχμαλωτισθήσονται εἰς τὰ ἔθνη πάντα, καὶ Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἔσται πατουμένη ὑπὸ ἐθνῶν, ἄχρι οὗ πληρωθῶσιν καιροὶ ἐθνῶν. Καὶ ἔσονται σημεῖα ἐν ἡλίῳ καὶ σελήνῃ καὶ ἄστροις, καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς συνοχὴ ἐθνῶν ἐν ἀπορίᾳ ἤχους θαλάσσης καὶ σάλου, ἀποψυχόντων ἀνθρώπων ἀπὸ φόβου καὶ προσδοκίας τῶν ἐπερχομένων τῇ οἰκουμένῃ· αἱ γὰρ δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν σαλευθήσονται. Καὶ τότε ὄψονται τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐρχόμενον ἐν νεφέλῃ μετα δυνάμεως καὶ δόξης πολλῆς. Ἀρχομένων δὲ τούτων γίνεσθαι ἀνακύψατε καὶ ἐπάρατε τὰς κεφαλὰς ὑμῶν, διότι ἐγγίζει ἡ ἀπολύτρωσις ὑμῶν.

What addition does this passage contain as compared with the corresponding predictions in two other Gospels? how does this guide us to the interpretation?

(γ) Ἴδε ὁ ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ ὁ αἴρων τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τοῦ κόσμου.

Το what do you suppose the Baptist to allude in the words ὁ ἀμνὸς, and on what grounds?

2. Likewise the following:

(α) Μετὰ ταῦτα ἀναστρέψω καὶ ἀνοικοδομήσω τὴν σκηνὴν Δαυὶδ τὴν πεπτωκυῖαν, καὶ τὰ κατεσκαμμένα αὐτῆς ἀνοικοδομήσω, καὶ ἀνορ

θώσω αὐτήν, ὅπως ἂν ἐκζητήσωσιν οἱ κατάλοιποι τῶν ἀνθρώπων τὸν Κύριον, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, ἐφ ̓ οὓς ἐπικέκληται τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐπ ̓ αὐτούς, λέγει Κύριος ὁ ποιῶν ταῦτα γνωστὰ ἀπ' αἰῶνος.

What addition is found in the text of the Authorised Version? By whom and whence are the words quoted, and with what variation? How can you reconcile the discrepancy? What is the primary reference of the prediction, and how is it applied as quoted above?

(β) Καὶ τὰς ἀγκύρας περιελόντες εἴων εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, ἅμα ἀνέντες τὰς ζευκτηρίας τῶν πηδαλίων, καὶ ἐπάραντες τὸν ἀρτέμωνα τῇ πνεούσῃ κατεῖχον εἰς τὸν αἰγιαλόν. Περιπεσόντες δὲ εἰς τόπον διθάλασ σον ἐπώκειλαν τὴν ναῦν· καὶ ἡ μὲν πρώρα ερείσασα ἔμεινεν ἀσάλευτος, ἡ δὲ πρύμνα ἐλύετο ὑπὸ τῆς βίας τῶν κυμάτων.

What erroneous rendering is found in the Authorised Version?

3. Translate and explain :

(α) Διὰ τοῦτο ὥσπερ δι ̓ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου ἡ ἁμαρτία εἰς τὸν κόσμον εἰσῆλθεν, καὶ διὰ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ θάνατος, καὶ οὕτως εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους ὁ θάνατος διῆλθεν, ἐφ ̓ ᾧ πάντες ἥμαρτον. Ἄχρι γὰρ νόμου ἁμαρ· τία ἦν ἐν κόσμῳ, ἁμαρτία δὲ οὐκ ἐλλογεῖται, μὴ ὄντος νόμου· ἀλλὰ ἐβασίλευσεν ὁ θάνατος ἀπὸ Ἀδὰμ μέχρι Μωσέως καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς μὴ ἁμαρτή σαντας ἐπὶ τῷ ὁμοιώματι τῆς παραβάσεως Ἀδάμ, ὅς ἐστι τύπος τοῦ μέλο λοντος.

(β) Τίς ἐγκαλέσει κατὰ ἐκλεκτῶν Θεοῦ Θεὸς ὁ δικαιῶν τίς ὁ κατακρίνων Χριστὸς ὁ ἀποθανών μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἐγερθεὶς ὃς καὶ ἔστιν ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Θεοῦ ὃς καὶ ἐντυγχάνει ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν τίς ἡμᾶς χωρίσει ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ Χριστοῦ θλίψις ἢ στενοχωρία ἢ διωγμὸς ἢ λιμὸς ἢ γυμνότης ἢ κίνδυνος ἢ μάχαιρα καθώς γέγραπται "Οτι ἕνεκεν σου θανατούμεθα ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν ἐλογίσθημεν ὡς πρόβατα σφαγῆς ἀλλ ̓ ἐν τούτοις πᾶσιν ὑπερνικῶμεν διὰ τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντος ἡμᾶς πέπεισμαι γὰρ ὅτι οὔτε θάνατος οὔτε ζωὴ οὔτε ἄγγελοι οὔτε ἀρχαὶ οὔτε ἐνεστῶτα οὔτε μέλλοντα οὔτε δυνάμεις οὔτε ὕψωμα οὔτε βάθος οὔτε τὶς κτίσις ἑτέρα δυνήσεται ἡμᾶς χωρίσαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ Θεοῦ τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν. Give your reasons for the punctuation which you adopt.

(7) How does St Paul establish the conclusion stated in the words τέλος γὰρ νόμου Χριστὸς εἰς δικαιοσύνην παντὶ τῷ πιστεύοντι ?

4. (a) State and distinguish between the various gifts of the Spirit mentioned in the First Epistle to the Corinthians.

(β) Give brief analyses of the Epistles to the Ephesians and Calossians, and quote instances of agreement in matter and form of expression.

(γ) Explain and illustrate from other passages:

Ὃς ἐν μορφῇ Θεοῦ ὑπάρχων οὐχ ἁρπαγμὸν ἡγήσατο τὸ εἶναι ἴσα Θεῷ, ἀλλὰ ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν μορφὴν δούλου λαβών, ἐν ὁμοιώματι ἀνθρώπων γενόμενος, καὶ σχήματι εὑρεθεὶς ὡς ἄνθρωπος ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτὸν γενόμενος ὑπήκοος μέχρι θανάτου, θανάτου δὲ σταυροῦ.

Can you support by quotations any distinction between μορφή and σχημα? Mention other cases where attention to the distinctions between words of kindred meaning throws light upon the passage.

(δ) Τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα ῥητῶς λέγει ὅτι ἐν ὑστέροις καιροῖς ἀποστήσουται τινὲς τῆς πίστεως, προσέχοντες πνεύμασιν πλάνοις καὶ διδασκαλίαις δαιμονίων, ἐν ὑποκρίσει ψευδολόγων, κεκαυτηριασμένων τὴν ἰδίαν συνεί δησιν, κωλυόντων γαμεῖν, ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων, ἃ ὁ Θεὸς ἔκτισεν εἰς μετάλημψιν μετὰ εὐχαριστίας τοῖς πιστοῖς καὶ ἐπεγνωκόσιν τὴν ἀλήθειαν.

Translate this accurately. What do you understand to be referred to in the words ῥητῶς λέγει ? State and support your interpretation of the passage.

5. (a) Give a summary of the argument by which it is shewn in the Epistle to the Hebrews that "There remaineth a rest to the people of God." What Greek words are rendered "Rest" in the Authorised Version?

(β) Μὴ ἀποβάλητε οὖν τὴν παῤῥησίαν ὑμῶν, ἥτις ἔχει μισθαποδοσίαν μεγάλην. Ὑπομονῆς γὰρ ἔχετε χρείαν ἵνα τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ ποιήσαντες κομίσησθε τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν. Ετι γὰρ μικρὸν ὅσον ὅσον, Ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἥξει καὶ οὐ χρονιεῖ. Ὁ δὲ δίκαιός μου ἐκ πίστεως ζήσεται· καὶ ἐὰν ὑποστείληται, οὐκ εὐδοκεῖ ἡ ψυχή μου ἐν αὐτῷ. Ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐκ ἐσμὲν ὑποστολῆς εἰς ἀπώλειαν, ἀλλὰ πίστεως εἰς περιποίησιν ψυχῆς. Εστιν δὲ πίστις ἐλπιζομένων ὑπόστασις, πραγμάτων ἔλεγχος οὐ βλεπομένων. Εν ταύτῃ γὰρ ἐμαρτυρήθησαν οἱ πρεσβύτεροι. Πίστει νοοῦμεν κατηρτίσθαι τοὺς αἰῶνας ῥήματι Θεοῦ, εἰς τὸ μὴ ἐκ φαινομένων τὸ βλεπόμενον γεγονέναι.

Translate and illustrate this from other passages. Whence is the quotation taken, and with what variation? In what connection does it originally occur?

6. Ὅτι καὶ Χριστὸς ἅπαξ περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἔπαθεν, δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων, ἵνα ἡμᾶς προσαγάγῃ τῷ Θεῷ, θανατωθεὶς μὲν σαρκὶ ζωοποιηθεὶς δὲ πνεύματι, ἐν ᾧ καὶ τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν, ἀπειθήσασιν ποτὲ ὅτε ἀπεξεδέχετο ἡ τοῦ Θεοῦ μακροθυμία ἐν ἡμέραις Νώε.

Illustrate the usage of repì in this passage. What difference of reading is found in the Textus Receptus? How far does it affect the sense? What interpretation of the passage given by Bishop Pearson, and what does he employ it to prove? What other interpretation is mentioned and refuted by him? Give any explanation of the passage with which you are acquainted, and state your own view.

7. (a) What conception of the Aóyos coû do we find in Philo, and how far does it illustrate the usage of the same term by St John?

(B) Illustrate from St Paul's writings, and explain the signification of the words and phrases following:

ἀποτάξασθαι. δικαιοσύνη. δικαίωσις.

ἐπιχορηγέω. ἐριθεία.

εὐλογία. κατὰ ἄνθρωπον. πλήρωμα. σοφία. τέλειος. ὑπόστασις.

8. Give the original text, and explain the force of the sentences: Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian.

He that is dead is freed from sin.

For I suppose I was not a whit behind the very chiefest Apostles.
Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness.

I. (a) EXPLAIN the terms 'canon' and 'canonical.' Mention the names of the earliest ecclesiastical writers who have used the term; and state the principal method by which we determine the canonical authority of any book. How far and under what limitations can we admit internal evidence?

(b) Define an 'apocryphal' writing. Give a brief account of the Gospels according to the Hebrews, and Egyptians, and the Protevangel of St James, and quote any portions of the two former you may happen to remember.

(c) Translate the following passage:

Πόῤῥω δέ που καὶ ὁ τῆς φράσεως παρὰ τὸ ἦθος τὸ ἀποστολικὸν ἐναλλάττει χαρακτήρ, ἥ τε γνώμη καὶ ἡ τῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς φερομένων προαίρεσις πλεῖστον ὅσον τῆς ἀληθοῦς ὀρθοδοξίας ἀπᾴδουσα, ὅτι δὴ αἱρετικῶν ἀνδρῶν ἀναπλᾶσματα τυγχάνει, σαφῶς παρίστησιν· ὅθεν οὐδ ̓ ἐν νόθοις αὐτὰ κατατακτέον, ἀλλ ̓ ὡς ἄτοπα πάντη καὶ δυσσεβῆ παραιτητέον.

EUSEB. Hist. Eccl. III. 25.

Enumerate the ancient writers who have given catalogues of the books of the New Testament, and mention in each case wherein the list differs from our own. State the three classes into which sacred or ecclesiastical writings have been divided by Eusebius, and enumerate the names of the books which he places in the second class.

II. (a) Enumerate the principal ancient Versions of the New Testament, and give a brief account of the Syriac and Gothic Versions.

(b) In estimating the value of any ancient version for critical purposes what are the principal facts relating to it necessary to be ascertained?

III. (a) State the most important Uncial MSS. which contain all, or portions of the four Gospels, giving a brief account of each. What is the critical value of C and L, and of E in the Acts of the Apostles?

(b) Mention a few of the more important passages in the New Testament in which the reading of the Textus Receptus seems decidedly erroneous. Is our Textus Receptus the same as the text known by that name on the Continent?

(c) In deciding between various readings, we are commonly guided by (1) External evidence; (2) internal evidence; (3) probability of erroneous transcription. Explain and illustrate this observation, and state a few plain critical rules by which the true reading may be most probably ascertained.

IV. (a) Give an account of the Complutensian Polyglott. What appears to have been the character of the MSS. of the New Testament used in that edition? Contrast it in this respect with the first edition of Erasmus. What peculiarity is there connected with the Erasmian edition of the Revelation?

(b) State briefly the theory of Recensions as proposed by Griesbach and modified by Scholz and Tischendorf. Give your own opinion of the value of such theories and the limits within which they may be profitably used.

(c) Mention the principal critical editions of the New Testament that have appeared in this century, and give a short account of the principles on which they are based.

V. (a) Specify the differences in respect of style between the four Evangelists. What is the peculiar characteristic of St Mark's narrative, and how do you account for it?

(b) The similarity of events and occurrences stated to have happened at two different portions of our Lord's ministry has been dwelt upon by recent sceptics: state any instances you may remember, and the manner in which you would answer the objections.

VI. (a) Mention the space of time occupied by the events related in the Acts of the Apostles. Enumerate the countries and principal cities in which the Gospel was preached during that time, giving approximate dates. State the substance of St Paul's speech at Athens.

(b) Give an account of the circumstances connected with St Paul's second imprisonment at Rome. The fact of this second imprisonment has been recently called in question; state briefly some historical arguments which seem to confirm the generally received opinion.

VII. (a) Give a short synopsis of the Epistle to the Hebrews. Enumerate the different authors to whom it has been assigned, and state your own opinion, supporting it by arguments.

(b) Mention the points of similarity in argument and language between the second Epistle of St Peter and that of St Jude; how do you account for it? State which you consider to have been first in point of date, and the reasons for your opinion.