11. Explain why, for scientific purposes, a small thermometer is better than a large one. Enumerate some of the disadvantages of small thermometers compared with larger ones.

12. Explain, and show by an accurate diagram, how you would construct a gridiron pendulum of copper and platinum, knowing that copper expands just twice as much as platinum when heated.

13. You are given a pound of lead and a pound of iron. Describe, fully, some experiment by which you can show that when both pieces of metal are heated from 0° C. to 100° C., the iron requires nearly four times as much heat as the lead.

14. When Ammonia gas is passed into water, by which it is eagerly absorbed, the water becomes extremely hot. On the other hand, when the gas is allowed to escape from the solution, the temperature falls considerably. Explain both observations, and give other illustrations of the principles involved.

15. How would you explain the fact that glass does not screen us from the sun's heat, but can very effectually screen us from the heat radiated by a stove or any other terrestrial object? Mention other substances which behave like glass. Mention some which differ from glass in this respect.

(Incorporated by Royal Charter.)

PROFESSIONAL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION.

THURSDAY, March 8th-Morning, 11 to 1.

-MARCH, 1888.

EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS.

Examiner-R. WORMELL, D.Sc., M.A.

ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM.

1. What are inclination and declination as applied to terrestrial magnetism? How do their values vary for different places on the earth's surface? How have they changed during the last century for London?

2. How would you construct an Electrophorus, from which charges of negative electricity could be obtained ?

3. Describe the construction of a Daniell's Cell.

If you were given a galvanic cell, wire, and a suspended magnetic needle, how would you determine which was the positive pole of the cell?

4. Three similar wires are joined together so as to form an equilateral triangle ABC. Two corners of the triangle, A and B, are joined to the poles of a battery. sides be equally heated by the current? your answer, and state the laws on which your answer depends.

Will all the three
Give reasons for

5. A bar magnet and a soft-iron rod are placed in the same straight line; what effect have they on one another? If iron filings are strewed on a sheet of paper which is laid over them, describe, with a sketch, the form of the curves assumed by the filings.

6. Find the current strength in a circuit with E. M. F. of 9.8 volts, and resistance 10 ohms. Also, find the resistance of a circuit in which an E. M. F. of 10 volts gives a current of 2 ampères.

7. A straight bar magnet, free to move in any direction, is placed in the field of a straight wire traversed by a voltaic [See next page.

If the direction of the current be reversed, what change will take place in the magnet's position?

If the bar magnet is held parallel to the surface of water on which is a small floating battery, describe the position which the floating battery would take up under the magnetic force.

8. The resistance of a battery is known to be 20 ohms, and that of the tangent galvanometer 5 ohm. On short circuiting the reading is 60°, but on introducing a coil of wire the reading sinks to 45°. Find the resistance of the coil. tan 45° = = 1.)

(Tan 60° = 1·73;

9. A copper ring is held in a clamp in a horizontal position, and a bar magnet, suspended by a string attached to the southseeking end, is let down through the ring and drawn up again. In what direction would the current pass in the ring as seen by an observer looking down on it?

10. Describe the Gramme Dynamo.

COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS.

(Incorporated by Royal Charter.)

PROFESSIONAL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION.

-MARCH, 1888.

THURSDAY, March 8th-Morning, 11 to 1.

NATURAL HISTORY.

Examiner-W. H. ALLCHIN, M.B., F.R.C.P., F.R.S.E.

PHYSIOLOGY.

ELEMENTARY.

1. What is a Nerve? What are its uses ?

2. Describe the Corpuscles found in human blood.

3. What is meant by the expression" alimentary principles "? Mention the different varieties of them, and any article of diet in which they are all contained.

4. What are the differences between inspired and expired air? 5. Enumerate the various waste products of tissue change, and the organs by which they are excreted from the body.

ADVANCED.

1. What are the forces by which the Blood is propelled in the veins, and why is the flow even in those vessels ?

2. What are the effects of moderate exercise on the excreta ?

3. Upon what does the condition known as "short-sightedness" depend ?

4. Explain what is meant by "inhibition," "contractility," "elasticity," "nutrition," "function."

5. Describe the minute structure of a lobule of the Liver.

(Incorporated by Royal Charter.)

PROFESSIONAL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION.

THURSDAY, March 8th-Morning, 11 to 1.

-MARCH, 1888.

NATURAL HISTORY.

Examiner-Rev. Prof. HENSLOW, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S.

BOTANY.

ELEMENTARY SECTION.

1. Give the characteristic features of the following Orders :Cruciferæ, Violacea, Rosacea with, the sub-orders, Dipsacea, Polygonacea, and Irideæ.

2. Describe and give examples of a tuberous and a fibrous Root; and tabulate all the differences you know between Roots and Stems.

3. Describe the anatomy of a Root, and state the uses of all the different layers of tissue. Compare them with those of a Stem.

4. Describe the course of, and changes undergone by, the Sap from its absorption by the roots to its destination. What are the organised products to which its constituents give rise, and what becomes of the water of the sap ?

ADVANCED SECTION.

5. Give the characteristic features of the following Orders :Nymphæaceæ, Celastrineæ, Boragineæ, Urticaceæ, and Juncaceæ.

6. What is the chemical constitution of each of the following substances :-Aleurone, Inuline, Oil, Tannin, and Caffeine? How far are they useful or not in the construction of plant tissues?

7. Describe the structure and give the life history of Yeast, Chara, and a Fern.

8. How do Gymnosperms differ from Angiosperms ?

ELEMENTARY AND ADVANCED.

9. Describe the specimens before you as fully as possible. Draw a diagram of the floral arrangements, and refer the plants to their Natural Orders, giving your reasons for so doing.