and early settlers, instances of chivalry and heroism They Return we to the last of a long line of chiefs-the were daily witnessed; and particularly during king orator, statesman and warrior, Red Jacket. On his Philip's war against the colonists. The most pow-death at the Seneca village near Buffalo, his tribe erful chiefs after this date were, Canonicus and Mian- sung the death-song of their country, and recounted tomo, renowned for their transactions with Roger the exploits and the virtues of him whom they were Williams, in 1664. Uncas, the hero of " the Mone-to bear to his last home. "They remembered," dians," Passacus, Pexham, Ninigret, Pekoath, Sas- says Thatcher, "his own pathetic appeal-—' who sacus, the murderer of Captain Stone, Pomham, sa- shall take my place among my people?' chem of Shanniot, Chanonchet, Weetamore, Passa- thought of the ancient glory of their nation, and they connay and Wonolancet, all renowned for their cou- looked around them on its miserable remnant. The rage and success in arms. impression was irresistable. Tears trickled down the cheeks of the brave comrades of the dead. Well might they weep! He that lay before them was indeed the last of the Senecas! The strong warrior's arm was mouldering into dust,' and the eye of the orator was cold and motionless forever!" It would require the limits of a large dictionary, however, to give an historical sketch of every distinguished warrior up to the times of Black Hawk and Red Jacket. Let a few illustrations of some, show further their early chivalry. One of the most renowned chieftains, was Piskaret, in his own day the most celebrated in the North. "He and his four comrades solemnly devoted themselves to the purpose of redeeming the sullied glory of their country, at a period when the prospect of conquest, and perhaps of defence, had already become desperate. They set out for Trois Rivieres in one canoe, each of them being provided with three muskets, which they loaded severally with two bullets, connected by a small chain ten inches in length. In Sorrel river they met with five boats of the Iroquois, each having on board ten men. As the parties rapidly came together, the Audirondacks pretended to give themselves up for lost, and began howling the death-song. This was continued till their enemy was just at hand. They then suddenly ceased singing, and fired simultaneously on the five canoes. The charge was repeated with the arms which lay ready loaded; and the slight birches of the Iroquois were torn asunder, and the frightened occupants tumbled over as fast as possible. Piskaret and his comrades, after knocking as many of them on the head as they pleased, reserved the remainder to feed their revenge, which was soon afterwards done by burning them alive in the most cruel tortures." Whoever has read Washington Irving's "Astoria" and "Rocky Mountains," must have been struck with the graphic descriptions of the wars between the Crows and Blackfeet, and the beautiful character given of the more civilized and less warlike tribe, the Nes Perces. James' “Chivalry and the Crusades" abounds not with more thrilling adventure and daring exploit. Associated, as those wild and picturesque regions are, with the habits and customs of their tribes, records of their wandering life must ever possess an interest of the most absorbing character, to the lovers of romance and chivalry. When will they cease to sympathise with the immortal bard, who chaunts the praise to valour? "While the kindling of life in his bosom remains, Look proudly to heaven from his death-bed of fame!" A lisping voice and glancing eyes are near, For I have taught her, with delighted eye, And clouds around the blue abysses rolled, Here I have 'scaped the city's stifling heat, And gales, that sweep the forest borders, bear Ay, flame thy fiercest, sun: thou canst not wake, From thy fierce heats a deeper, glossier green; The mountain wind-most spiritual thing of all He seems the breath of a celestial clime,- REMARKABLE DISCOVERY. It is well known to our readers, that among the many natural curiosities found in the extensive caves and grottoes in the vicinity of the great Laurel Ridge, (Cumberland mountains,) many human skeletons and bones of animals have been discovered, some of them in a petrified state. These caves abound in prodigious vaulted apartments and chambers, which, when viewed by torch-light, exhibit scenes of gloomy grandeur which astonish the beholder. Several petrified trees have also been discovered on the banks of the river near this ridge, as also bones of mammoths, and other animals whose races are now extinct. But the most remarkable discovery that has ever been made in this part of the country-if not the greatest natural curiosity in the world, was brought to light on Sunday, twenty-fourth January, by two scientifick gentlemen with whom we are acquainted, and who are now in town. They have been for several weeks exploring the caves above alluded to, and gathering such curiosities as they wished to carry away with them. They are provided for this purpose with a boat of gum-elastick, and capable of buoying two persons. With this boat, and other conveniences procured for the purpose, they will, undoubtedly, before they leave their task, penetrate every accessible hole in the west Cumberland mountains-for they are determined to spend the whole season among them. The wonderful discovery which will now shortly be presented to the publick, is three petrified bodies entire, one of a dog, and two human bodies, one of them holding a spear. It is believed by these gentlemen, that all three of the bodies may be removed from their position in a perfect state-though the dog, being in a lying posture upon a flat rock, it will undoubtedly be a difficult task to remove it uninjured. The human bodies appear to be those of men-probably hunters. Their clothing can hardly be distinguished-but still it is evident that that too was in a measure turned into stone. They are described thus: One sitting, with the head leaned as it were against a projecting rock, and the other standing, with a spear balanced in his hand, as though he was surprised, and had just started on a quick walk. The dog lies as if crouched in terrour, or about to make a spring-but the features, or body, is not distinct enough to determine which position. This wonderful formation cannot be accounted for in any other way, than that these persons were buried by some terrible convulsion of nature. The cave in which they were found, is full one hundred and twenty-eight feet into the mountain, and is situated about a mile and a half beyond what is called Mammoth Grotto, in a direct line. The entrance to the place is difficult, and it is thought that it was never before attempted at all. At the foot of the entrance of the cave is a considerable brook of water, which appears to gather from all parts of it. There is also a valley thence to the river. The gentlemen who have made this interesting discovery, are making active preparations to bring away the bodies, which they intend to have forwarded to New York. Since the above was written, we have had an in vitation to visit the cave and bodies, which we shall most certainly accept. We have hitherto declined to mention the names of the persons to whom we have alluded in this account. One of them is a wealthy English gentleman, resident of Philadelphia, John Chester, Esq., and his companion is Mr. Jacob L. Davis, a Philadelphian. The object of their scientifick researches, is principally their own gratification. We shall next week give our readers some further particulars relative to the position of the cave, &c., which our visit will enable us to do Hamilton (Tenn.) Observer. LYNCH LAW. LYNCH LAW had its origin in 1780, as known by that appellation, in a combination of the citizens of Pittsylvania, Virginia, entered into for the purpose of suppressing the depredations of a trained band of horse-thieves and counterfeiters, whose well-concerted schemes had bidden defiance to the ordinary laws of the land, and whose success encouraged and en boldened them in their outrages upon the community A late number of the Southern Literary Messenger contains a copy of the constitution, dated Sept. 22, 1780, adopted for their government in visiting the guilty offenders with summary justice, which, from its having been drawn up by Col. William Lynch of that county, has given the name of Lynch Law to the summary infliction of punishment by private and unauthorized individuals ever since. The Editor says he is informed by a member of the association, that its efforts were completely successful in arresting the ravages of the lawless miscreants against whom they were directed. ANCIENT MANUSCRIPT FOR THE GOSPELS. THE REV. H. Todd gave lately to the Royal Irish Academy a short account of the manuscript of four Gospels, of the seventh century, and in Irish charac ters, which is preserved in the library of his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, at Lambeth. The volume is a small quarto, in the minute hand called Caroline, common to all Europe in the reign of Charlemagne, but now used only in Ireland, and known as the Irish character. The present volume appears to have belonged to Melbridgid Mac Dornan, or Mac Tornan, who was Archbishop of Armagh in the ninth century, and died A. D. 925. By him it was prob ably sent to Athelstan, king of the Anglo Saxons who presented it to the city of Canterbury. The facts are inferred from an inscription in Anglo-Saxon characters, (and in the hand of the ninth or beginning of the tenth century,) which oc curs on a blank page immediately following the gen ealogy in the first chapter of St. Matthew. The discovery of this manuscript and the satisfactory proof which facts afford of its Irish origin, are important, as adding another to the many instances with which we are already acquainted, of the employment of Irish scribes in the transcription of the Scriptures during the sixth and seventh centuries. It is now ascertained that almost all the sacred books so highly venerated by the Anglo-Saxon Church, and left by her early bishops as heir-looms to their respective sees, were obtained in Ireland or from Irish scribes. AMERICAN LANDSCAPE. [Falls of Montmorency.] AMONG the many attractions which are presented to the traveller in America, the different falls are not the least interesting. The falls of Niagara are celebrated throughout the civilized world, as one of the grandest and the most sublime spectacles to be found in the universe. Among falls of a secondary character, those represented in the illustration, the falls of Montmorency, deserve notice; and although the scenery around them is by no means as impressive as at Niagara, yet the true lover of nature-he who looks with the eye of an enthusiast upon the sublime and the beautiful, as it came from the hand of the Creator-can spend many an hour of pleasure and delight, in watching the Montmorency, as it comes rushing and thundering down the steep precipice, sending forth its rainbows of light spray, in token of joy that the rough way is passed over, and that its waters may afterward roll on in peace and quiet. The falls of Montmorency are situated in the river of the same name, distant from six to seven miles below Quebeck. The river shoots in a sheet over a vast precipice; its breadth at the top of the cascade is about one hundred feet; its perpendicular descent is about two hundred and forty feet. The banks on each side of it are smooth and precipitous; their summits are crowned with trees, while a mill is perched high upon the verge of the fall. RESOURCES OF ILLINOIS. pounds are entirely detached, and are frequently found at the distance of several miles from any quarry. But there never has been a quarry of granite discovered in the state. These stones are denominated in mineralogy, boulders. The fact of their existence in several parts of the state; that they are a species of granite; that they are usually found on the surface, or are partially imbedded in the soil of the prairies, which is considered, by some, of diluvial formation; have given rise to a question of difficult solution concerning their history. We have in part anticipated the class of vegetaBlack-walnut ble productions, by a notice of the principal trees and shrubs that exist in this state. is extensively used for building materials and cabinet work, and is susceptible of a fine polish. It appears to be a general substitute for the pine in the uses of household furniture. Grape-vines are found indigenous and abundant in most parts of the state, yielding grapes which might be profitably made into excellent wine.Foreign vines are easily cultivated. But the indigenous vines are found in every variety of soil; twined with every little grove in the prairies and barrens; and curling themselves to the tops of the loftiest trees that rise in the beauty and luxuriance of their growth from the rich soil of the bottoms. In the infancy of settlement, the French made wine in such abundant quantities, as to make it an article of export to their native country, itself celebrated for its blushing vinehills." But the proper authorities of the old kingdom prohibited the introduction of wine from Illinois, as it might injure the sale of their own staple article. It is stated in one of the magazines of the country, that so prolifick are the vines, one gentleman made twenty-seven barrels of wine with very little labour, in his own immediate neighbourhood. And as it will appear, in a continued consideration of this state, that corn is one of its important productions, we have here the old scriptural standard of prosperity and luxury-a country abounding with corn and wine." Chicago American. " 66 A COARSE freestone, much used in building, is dug from quarries near Alton, on the Mississippi, where it exists in large bodies. Large masses of rock, of granite formation, and roundish in form, are PRIDE, like the magnet, constantly points to one scattered over the surface of the prairies. They are usually called by the inhabitants "lost rocks." They object, self; but unlike the magnet, it has no attractweigh from one thousand to ten or twelve thousand live pole, but at all points repels. CLAY FOR FOOD.--Humboldt says the Ottomaques on the banks of the Meta and the Orinoco, feed on a fat, unctuous earth, or a species of pipe-clay, tinged with a little red oxyd of iron. They collect it very carefully, knead it into balls of four or six inches in diameter, which are slightly baked before a slow fire. Whole stacks of this provision are seen piled up before their doors. When eaten, they are soaked a little time in water; and each individual consumes, on an average, about a pound a day. Sometimes the dish is made a little richer, by the addition of two or three lizards, mixed with fern roots. AMERICAN SCENERY. MONTGOMERY-PLACE, DUTCHESS CO. N. Y. If there is anything for which I am grateful, it is that I was born in New York. I love the patriot names of her Jay, her Clinton, and her Morris; and bless the mother that could give to the Union such jewels, to enrich by their light the halo which shines around the head of Washington. Our mountains, too-who can look upon the Highlands and not feel a native pride swell within him; and while his heart answers to that mysterious influence, which visits us while communing with such mighty features of God's creation-those watchtowers of Time-who does not also confess that other power, which borrows from early story and legend, recollections that, laid up in our "boyhood's prime," bring back upon us the fervor of young thoughts, as we exclaim “This is my own, my native land." And there, too, is the Hudson-the household god of our state-which, unasked, showers a wealthy blessing upon all; holding an equal patronage over all the interests which concur to form an intelligent, generous, and wealthy people. Time will enrich its banks, until, like the Nile, "It will be seen to glide 'Mong shrines and marble cities on each side, Glittering like jewels strung along a chain." rarely just to his merits. Bewildered by the glare of some great political movement, or stupified by the magnitude of some present event, it is diverted from a proper attention to those humane and benevolent spirits who are maturing, in tranquil thought, schemes which embrace the amelioration of crime and the gradual improvement of social happiness. But this false and partial estimate will be corrected by time. Posterity, like those Egyptian judges who sat in judgement upon the actions of the dead, are undazzled by pomp, and unseduced by bribes. In its eyes, events which now swell and fill the world with gaping wonder, shrink into their own proper, insignificant measure: Candor brushes away the tinsel which plated in such brilliancy, meanness and vice; Truth extinguishes the fires of envy, which, kindled in prejudice, were fed by the vir tues of the good, the noble, and the wise. The plan of criminal punishment which absorb ed much of Mr. Livingston's attention, and whose merciful provisions attest his humane disposition, will be appreciated, but not in this age. When that intensity of feeling and action which now renders the American community almost incapable of cool reflection, which inflames into such a restless pursuit after wealth and distinction, every profession and class, shall have been sobered; men will find time to examine the comparative merits of the two codes, and, enlightened by the facts which experience will have accumulated, will be prepared to resign opinions which, unsupported by arguments, rest only in prejudice. That such will be the result, few can hesitate to believe who have marked the legitimate influence of civilization upon the penalties of law. I cannot accuse myself of wandering, in thus speaking of the public services and judicial labours of Mr. Livingston. His elegant seat, to which he often retreated to forget for awhile the burden of his official duties, and to share in the free converse and receive the grateful and assid uous devotion of his accomplished family, is filled with mementoes of its former honored proprietor, which recall to the mind the traits of his charac ter and the varied incidents of his public life. I was induced, about the middle of October, to Not without profit, too, is it to contemplate the visit that beautiful seat, Montgomery-place, situ- services of one whom the country "delighted to ated upon the east bank of the Hudson, and thirty honor;" who preserved, amid every elevation, a miles from the city of that name. Its present fame unsullied; who rose upon the ruins of none, proprietress is the widow of the late Edward Liv- and who might say with him of Athens, "that ingston-a man whom none knew but to love and not one citizen had put on mourning on his acrevere, who has earned a place among the honor-count;" but of whom it might be said at his ed great by the union of eminent abilities as a death, that each citizen lamented a public benestatesman with the richest attainments as a jurist. factor taken away. It is from the study of such Filling a variety of honorable offices, each examples that the young citizen can best mould witnessed his fidelity and devoted trust, and all his ambition; and virtue derives a double vigor were embellished and dignified by his accomplish- and power from the incentives which imbodied ed mind and polished manners. Even party ran- goodness thus furnishes. Too apt are we, also, cour, which has tarnished the bright fame of some in the strife and turmoil of to-day, in "the golden of our most eminent and gifted statesmen, has chase of life," to forget those whose bones rest left his name untouched. The humanity which under our green sward, but whose labors flourish breathes throughout his "Penal Code" has con-in silent blessings upon the country. secrated his fame among the few who lie in a more honored sepulture than Westminster Abbey-whose names are worn next the heart of the lovers of mankind. "As from the wing the sky no scar retains, The parted wave no furrow from the keel," The immediate age of the philanthropist is so fades away in the minds of men the remem brance of those who sowed the harvest from which | free-hearted laugh. But in autumn the vivacity they are revelling in plenty. We must, like Old and glee which charmed us erewhile, seems Mortality, deepen the inscription, or moss and almost to reproach us, and comes like the dying time will cover and obliterate it. tone of a harp-string snapped by too rude a hand. It may be an unmanly sensibility, but I cannot endure to hear in the woods of autumn the loud voice, awakened by hilarity, or sent out to find echo in the answering hills and trees. When green foliage clothes the boughs, and the voices of birds are merry among the tops of the trees, then send abroad the many-toned song and peal: but when the stir of the wind is like a complaining melody among the stricken leaves, let the hushed tone make no discord upon the great The approach to the mansion of Mrs. L. is by a road, studded on either side with a row of forest-trees; standing in sentinel array, as a guard of honor come out to welcome the expect-an ed guest. This avenue opens by a wicker gate to a broad area of mingled forest, garden, and sunny park: the view expanding and widening, until it is crowned and lost in the far-off glories of the river, the champagne country beyond, and the noble Catskills, springing away and burying their heads in the clouds. Numberless bridle-forest-harp of nature. paths run off from the carriage road; serpentining So thought my cicerone as she moved along, in mazy pleasure-now approaching, now re-pointing out to my notice, in a low, subdued ceding, until, diving down some little ravines, voice, the impressive beauties which met us. The they disappeared from the sight. The garden, grounds, which retreat to the north, are irregular, which salutes you as you emerge from the deep shade of the grove, was now mourning the loss of its summer, holiday garb; and showed only here and there a lingering flower, the lone companions of a bright and laughing company. The purpling fruits of summer had been gathered; autumn had touched the parterre, and shaken its rich and variegated honors to the ground; and even the sculptured gardener seemed to hang his head in sorrow, and mutter between his marble lips, "Othello's occupation's gone." To be sure, we could commission the imagination to perform the office of nature. We could bid her summon back from their decay the flowers, teint them with the never-ending hues of summer, hang them in ripe and nodding beauty along the winding walk, and relieve the flush and circling richness of the expanded flower, with the folded or half-opened bud. Yet this is but a tantalizing occupation. The magic pleasure, the exquisite and liquid delight which thrills us when nature herself bids the desolate spot to bloom, adorns the naked stem with green leaves, and fills the flowering cup with the breath of perfume-these, imagination cannot supply. Yet why deplore their loss? The same autumnal spirit which spreads a pall over the glad beauty of the garden, covers with richest mantle the forest. The leaves of the oak and maple had been touched with the frosty influence, and were here and there borne from their withered stems and whirled upon the ground, and as we sauntered along the winding path, rustled to our tread with that gentle, melancholy stir which subdues, not saddens the mind, and fits it for a serene communion with the sobered grandeur of the season. and endlessly varied. Sometimes they slope off cataract My companion was one of the few who possess that instinctive delicacy which shrinks from forcing an unseasonable gayety upon those who, like myself, feel the influence of the dying year. Woman best knows how to adapt herself to the That over which we were now hanging had its varying mood of man, and interprets more readily own features, its guardian divinity to preside than our sex the changing language of the seasons. over its influences. Shall I describe it? I could In summer we love to see the light, graceful form only sketch a few obvious traits; who will attempt of the girl, floating in a playful motion among to paint the emotions which are evoked, the flowers and green things; now stopping to pluck thousand undefined thoughts which spring and live a breathing gem, and now, while you are admiring in its roar, but flee for ever as we depart? I could her heightened glow and beauty, breaking away speak of the stream, plunging like a bison over and sending upon the scented breeze her innocent, a precipice, recovering from its leap, and shaking |