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us of mortal sins in dreams, arising from evil precogitations; meanwhile human law regards not noctambulos; and if a night-walker should break his neck, or kill a man, takes no notice of it.

Dionysius was absurdly tyrannical to kill a man for dreaming that he had killed him; and really to take away his life, who had but fantastically taken away his. Lamia was ridiculously unjust to sue a young man for a reward, who had confessed that pleasure from her in a dream which she had denied unto his awaking senses: conceiving that she had merited somewhat from his fantastical fruition and shadow of herself. If there be such debts, we owe deeply unto sympathies; but the common spirit of the world must be ready in such arrearages.

If some have swooned, they may have also died in dreams, since death is but a confirmed swooning. Whether Plato died in a dream, as some deliver, he must rise again to inform us. That some have never dreamed, is as improbable as that some have never laughed. That children dream not the first half-year; that men dream not in some countries, with many more, are unto me sick men's dreams; dreams out of the ivory gate, and visions before midnight.

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[OBSERVATIONS ON GRAFTING.1]

[MS. SLOAN. 1848, fol. 44-48; 1882, fol. 136, 137; AND ADDITIONAL MSS. NO. 5233, fol. 58.]

IN the doctrine of all insitions, those are esteemed most successful which are practised under these rules :

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That there be some consent or similitude of parts and nature between the plants conjoined.

4 the ivory gate.] The poets suppose two gates of sleep, the one of horn, from which true dreams proceed; the other of ivory, which sends forth false dreams.

1 Observations, &c.]" Generation of plants," was the title given by Dr. Ayscough to this paper: which, in all probability, was written for and addressed to Evelyn.

That insition be made between trees not of very different barks; nor very differing fruits or forms of fructification; nor of widely different ages.

That the scions or buds be taken from the south or east part of the tree.

That a rectitude and due position be observed; not to insert the south part of the scions unto the northern side of the stock, but according to the position of the scions upon his first matrix.

Now, though these rules be considerable in the usual and practised course of insitions, yet were it but reasonable for searching spirits to urge the operations of nature by conjoining plants of very different natures in parts, barks, lateness, and precocities, nor to rest in the experiments of hortensial plants in whom we chiefly intend the exaltation or variety of their fruit and flowers, but in all sorts of shrubs and trees applicable unto physic or mechanical uses, whereby we might alter their tempers, moderate or promote their virtues, exchange their softness, hardness, and colour, and so render them considerable beyond their known and trite employments. To which intent curiosity may take some rule or hint from these or the like following, according to the various ways of propagation:-2

Colutea upon anagris-arbor judæ upon anagris-cassia poetica upon cytisus-cytisus upon periclymenum rectumwoodbine upon jasmine-cystus upon rosemary-rosemary upon ivy-sage or rosemary upon cystus-myrtle upon gall or rhus myrtifolia-whortle-berry upon gall, heath, or myrtle -coccygeia upon alaternus-mezereon upon an almondgooseberry and currants upon mezereon, barberry, or blackthorn-barberry upon a currant tree-bramble upon gooseberry or raspberry-yellow rose upon sweetbrier-phyllerea upon broom-broom upon furze-anonis lutea upon furzeholly upon box-bay upon holly-holly upon pyracantha

2 propagation.] A brief memorandum occurs here in the original, in these words :- "To insert the Catalogue," evidently showing that the author intended the list of his proposed experiments to be here introduced. Having met with such a Catalogue (in MS. Sloan. 1843, fol. 44-48) I have not hesitated to transplant it hither as the one intended. Several of the names are so illegible that it is impossible not to fear they may be incorrectly given.

a fig upon chesnut-a fig upon mulberry-peach upon mulberry-mulberry upon buckthorn-walnut upon chesnut -savin upon juniper-vine upon oleaster, rosemary, ivyan arbutus upon a fig—a peach upon a fig-white poplar upon black poplar-asp upon white poplar-wych elm upon common elm-hazel upon elm-sycamore upon wych elm— cinnamon rose upon hipberry-a whitethorn upon a blackthorn-hipberry upon a sloe, or skeye, or bullace-apricot upon a mulberry-arbutus upon a mulberry-cherry upon a peach-oak upon a chesnut-katherine peach upon a quince

a warden upon a quince-a chesnut upon a beech-a beech upon a chesnut-an hornbeam upon a beech-a maple upon an hornbeam-a sycamore upon a maple—a medlar upon a service tree-a sumack upon a quince or medlar—an hawthorn upon a service tree-a quicken tree upon an ash -an ash upon an asp-an oak upon an ilex-a poplar upon an elm-a black cherry tree upon a tilea or lime tree-tilea upon beech-alder upon birch or poplar-a filbert upon an almond

-an almond upon a willow-a nux vesicaria upon an almond or pistachio-a cerasus avium upon a nux vesicaria—a cornelian3 upon a cherry tree-a cherry tree upon a cornelian -an hazel upon a willow or sallow-a lilac upon a sage tree -a syringa upon lilac or tree-mallow- -a rose elder upon syringa―a water elder upon rose elder-buckthorn upon elder-frangula upon buckthorn-hirga sanguinea upon privet-phyllerea upon vitex-vitex upon evonymus-evonymus upon viburnum-ruscus upon pyracantha-paleurus upon hawthorn-tamarisk upon birch-erica upon tamarisk -polemonium upon genista hispanica-genista hispanica upon colutea.

Nor are we to rest in the frustrated success of some single experiments, but to proceed in attempts in the most unlikely unto iterated and certain conclusions, and to pursue the way of ablactation or inarching. Whereby we might determine whether, according to the ancients, no fir, pine, or picea, would admit of incision upon any them; whether yew will hold society with none; whether walnut, mulberry, and cornel cannot be propagated by insition, or the fig and quince admit almost of any, with many others of doubtful truths in the propagations.

3 cornelian.] Cornel-tree.

And while we seek for varieties in stocks and scions, we are not to omit the ready practice of the scion upon its own tree. Whereby, having a sufficient number of good plants, we may improve their fruits without translative conjunction, that is, by ínsition of the scion upon his own mother, whereby an handsome variety or melioration seldom faileth-we might be still advanced by iterated insitions in proper boughs and positions. Insition is also made not only with scions and buds, but seeds, by inserting them in cabbage stalks, turnips, onions, &c., and also in ligneous plants.

Within a mile of this city of Norwich, an oak groweth upon the head of a pollard willow, taller than the stock, and about half a foot in diameter, probably by some acorn falling or fastening upon it. I could show you a branch of the same willow which shoots forth near the stock which beareth both willow and oak twigs and leaves upon it. In a meadow I use in Norwich, beset with willows and sallows, I have observed these plants to grow upon their heads; bylders,4 currants, gooseberries, cynocrambe, or dog's mercury, barberries, bittersweet, elder, hawthorn.

MS. SLOAN. 1869, fol. 12-60, 62-118, COLLATED WITH 1874 and 1885.] [Hints and Extracts; to his Son, Dr. Edward Browne.]

SEVERAL hints which may be serviceable unto you and not ungrateful unto others I present you in this paper; they are not trite or vulgar, and very few of them anywhere to be met with. I set them not down in order, but as memory, fancy, or occasional observation produced them; whereof you may take the pains to single out such as shall conduce unto your purpose.

That Elias was a type of our Saviour, and that the mocking and railing of the children had reference unto the derision and reviling of our Saviour by the Jews, we shall not deny, but whether their calling of him bald pate, crying,

4 bylders.] Qu. bilberry?

ascende calve, had any relation unto Mount Calvary, we shall not be ready to affirm.

That Charles the Fifth was crowned upon the day of his nativity carrieth no remarkable consideration, but that he also took King Francis prisoner upon that day, was a concurrence of accidents which must make that day observable.

Antipater, that died on his birth-day, had an anniversary fever all his life upon the day of his nativity, needed not an astrological revolution of his nativity to know the day of his death.

Who will not commend the wit of astrology?-Venus born out of the sea hath her exaltation in Pisces.

Whosoever understandeth the fructifying quality of water will quickly apprehend the congruity of that invention which made the cornucopia to be filled with flowers by the naiades or water nymphs.

Who can but wonder that Fuchsius should doubt the purging quality of manna, or derive aloe sucotina from succus citrinus, which every novice now knows to be from Socotara, an island from whence 'tis brought?

Take heed of confidence and too bold an opinion of your work: even the famous Phidias so erred in that notable statua of Jupiter made in a sitting posture, yet so that if he had risen up he had borne up the top of the temple.

Transcriptional erratas, ignorance in some particulars, expedition, inadvertency, make not only moles but wens in learned works, which notwithstanding being judged by their better parts admit not of reasonable disparagement. I will not say that Cicero was slightly versed in Homer, because in his books De Gloria he ascribeth those verses unto Ajax which were delivered by Hector. In the account of Hercules, Plautus mistakes nativity for conception. Pliny, who was well seen in Homer, denieth the art of picture in the Trojan war, and whereas it is plainly said, Iliad 2, 483, that Vulcan engraved in the arms of Achilles the earth and stars of heaven. And though I have no great opinion of Machiavell's learning, yet am I unwilling to say he was but a weak historian, because he commonly exemplified in Cæsar Borgia and the petty princes of Italy; or that he had but a slight

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