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Fruit large, broad at the base, enlarged in the middle, and narrowed at the crown, about three inches and three quarters in diameter, and nearly three inches deep, its form being rather flat than oblong. Eye rather small, with a long, closed calyx, placed in a narrow, and rather deep, unequally plaited basin. Stalk very short, deeply inserted in a widely formed hollow. Skin dull yellowish green, nearly covered with a somewhat thick grey russet, tinged with a little orange-brown on the sunny side. side. Flesh firm, greenish white, with a tinge of yellow. Juice saccharine, with a good deal of acid, and a slight aromatic flavour.

A culinary apple from November till May.

This is the Royal Russet of the London markets; but several other Russets go by this name in different parts of England. What is understood in many parts of the country as the Royal Russet, is described under the name of Old Royal Russet, which may serve to distinguish it from the present one.

186. SAM YOUNG. Hort. Trans. Vol. iii. p. 324. and 454. Pom. Mag. t. 130.

Irish Russet. Hort. Soc. Cat. 985, according to the Pom. Mag.

Fruit of a smallish size, somewhat globular, flattened, about one inch and three quarters deep, and two inches and a half in diameter. Eye remarkably wide and open, in a broad depression. Stalk short. Skin bright yellow, with minute brown spots, and a considerable quantity of russet, especially round the stalk; in some specimens red on the sunny side, usually cracking. Flesh inclining to yellow, mixed with green; tender, and melting. Juice plentiful, sweet, with a delicious flavour, scarcely inferior to that of the Golden Pippin.

An Irish dessert apple, of high reputation, ripe in November, and will keep good for two months. The merits of this very valuable apple were made

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known in 1818 by Mr. Robertson, of Kilkenny. It is certainly one of the best of our modern apples, and cannot have too general a cultivation.

187. SCARLET NONPAREIL. Hort. Soc. Cat. No. 670, Pom. Mag. t. 87.

Fruit middle-sized, larger than the old Nonpareil, about two inches and a half deep, and three inches in diameter, roundish, without any angles on its sides. Eye shallow, placed in a regularly-formed depression, surrounded with very small plaits. Stalk variable in length, sometimes nearly an inch long, sometimes a thick fleshy knob. Skin deep red next the sun, sprinkled with pale brown dots; the shaded part yellowish green, passing off into streaks towards the junction of the two colours. Flesh firm, yellowish white, juicy, rich, and very excellent.

A dessert apple from November till March.

The Scarlet Nonpareil was raised in a garden belonging to a public house at Esher, in Surrey, about 1773, from a seed of the old Nonpareil. Mrs. Grimwood purchased the original stock, from which some plants were obtained by Mr. Kirke, whose annual exhibitions in his garden of large quantities of its beautiful fruit have caused its cultivation now to be extended to almost every part of England, where it cannot fail of being universally admired. It is a very hardy sort, and a great and constant bearer. The Schäfer apple of the Germans, quoted in the Hort. Soc. Cat. as a synonym to this, is found to be a distinct variety.

188. SIELY'S MIGNONNE. G. Lind. Cat. 1805. Pride of the Ditches. Local, in Norwich.

Fruit rather small, about one inch and three quarters. deep, and the same in diameter. It is not quite circular, in consequence of one of its sides being occasionally a little flattened, but is without any angles. Eye small, with a closed calyx, placed somewhat deeply

in a rather irregularly formed narrow basin, surrounded by a few small plaits. Stalk half an inch long, slender, about one half within the base, in a narrow cavity, and occasionally pressed towards one side, by a protuberance on the opposite one. Skin, when clear, of a bright yellow, but mostly covered with a grey netted russet, rendering the skin scabrous. Flesh greenish yellow, firm, crisp, and tender. Juice saccharine, highly aromatic, and of a most excellent flavour.

A dessert apple from November till February.

This neat and very valuable little apple was introduced into notice about thirty years ago by the late Mr. Andrew Siely, of Norwich, who had it growing in his garden on the Castle Ditches, and being a favourite with him, he always called it the Pride of the Ditches. The tree is a weak grower, and somewhat tender. It is, therefore, advisable to graft it upon the Doucin stock, and train it either as a dwarf, or as an espalier in the garden. Its name of Siely's Mignonne was first published in my Nursery Catalogue of 1805.

189. SWEENEY NONPAREIL. p. 526.

Hort. Trans. Vol. iv.

Fruit somewhat of the form of the old Nonpareil, but more irregular in its outline, and larger, about two inches and a half deep, and three inches in diameter. Eye small, perfectly closed by the short segments of the calyx, seated in a narrow and shallow depression, surrounded by a few wrinkled plaits. Stalk an inch long, slender, inserted in a wide but shallow cavity; and, like the old Nonpareil, it protrudes considerably beyond the base. Skin green, with white spots, which become oval round the stalk, and patches of russet all over it, having sometimes the brilliant colour of a fine Nonpareil. Flesh firm and crisp, with abundance of juice, in which a powerful acid is combined with much sugar.

A dessert apple from the middle of November till March.

This very fine apple was raised by J. N. Parker, Esq. in 1807, at Sweeney, in Shropshire. The tree is an abundant bearer, and the fruit sometimes grows to a large size; the largest it ever produced was in 1818, measuring eleven inches and a quarter in circumference, and weighing nine ounces and a quarter. Twenty of its fruit, exhibited at the Horticultural Society in 1820, weighed seven pounds thirteen ounces avoirdupoise.

190. SYKEHOUSE RUSSET. Hooker, Pom. Lond. t. 40. Pom. Mag. t. 81.

Prager, of some Dutch Collections, according to the Pom. Mag.

Fruit flat, middle-sized, of a roundish figure, and much flattened at both extremities, nearly three inches in diameter, and two inches and a quarter deep. Eye open, deeply sunk in an open even basin. Stalk variable in length, and not deeply inserted. Skin greenish yellow, more or less covered with a thin grey russet, which in some seasons almost entirely disappears; on the sunny side, of a deep rich brown, interspersed with small russetty patches. Flesh greenish white, approaching to yellow when fully matured, firm, juicy, with a fine subacid flavour.

A dessert apple from December till March.

This most excellent apple derives its name from the village of Sykehouse, in Yorkshire. Its young wood is somewhat long-jointed, very straight and erect, and grows to a greater length in one season than any other apple I have ever propagated. It is a hardy tree, and a good bearer, but best grafted on the Doucin stock, and trained in the garden as an espalier.

191. WHEELER'S RUSSET. Miller, Ed. 8. No. 16. Fruit middle-sized, irregularly shaped and somewhat flat, from two inches and a half to two inches and three

quarters in diameter, and two to two inches and at quarter deep. Eye rather small, with a closed calyx, placed in a rather shallow, uneven, broad-plaited basin. Stalk short, inserted in a narrow funnel-shaped cavity, seldom protruding beyond the base. Skin pale yellowish grey russet quite round the fruit, and on the sunny side of a lively brown, sprinkled with russetty specks. Flesh firm, greenish white. Juice not plentiful, but of a brisk, saccharine, aromatic flavour, charged with acid.

A dessert and culinary apple from November till May.

This is a very excellent winter apple; and when highly ripened and beginning to shrivel, is one of the best russets of its season. The tree is very hardy, grows handsomely, and is an excellent bearer.

192. WHITE RUSSET. Hort. Trans. Vol. iii. p. 454. Fruit rather large, angular on its sides, about three inches in diameter, and two inches and three quarters deep. Eye wrinkled. Stalk short. Skin yellowish russetty green, intermixed with white, and having a little light red on the sunny side. Flesh firm, and highly flavoured when in perfection, but apt to grow mealy when too ripe.

An Irish dessert apple, and in use there in November and December.

SECT. VIII.- Cider Apples.

193. BENNET APPLE. Pom. Heref. t. 21. Fruit somewhat long, irregularly shaped, broad at its base, and narrowing to the crown; but sometimes broader in the middle than at either of its extremities. A few obtuse angles terminate at the eye, which is small, with very short segments of the nearly closed

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