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dth of June 1688, at London, where his father land, with notes by Swilt, under the same was then a confiderabic merchant. The family Scriblerus. It is a piece of the most perfect into being of ihe Romin relirion, he was put, at 8 that ever was written. This edition was the years of age, under one Taverner, a priest, who sented to the king and queen by Sir Robert W8 taus ht him the rudiments of the Latin and Greek pole; who, about this time, ofered Pupe a ped tonvues iogether, and soon after he was sent to a lion, which hawever he refused, as he had to Popish seminary at Winchester, whence he was merly done a proposal of the same kind med temoved to a school at Hyde Park corner. He him by Lord Hairfax. He greatly cultivated discovered early an inclination io verhrying ; and spirit of independency; andOriby's Virgil and Sandys's Ovid were his fa. “ Unpiac'd, unpention'd, no man's heir Bourite books. At 12 he retired with his parents Dave," to Binficld, in Windior Foreft; where he studied was frequently his boalt. In 1929, by the adri Spenfer, Waller, and Dryden. At is he had ac. and afliitance of Lord Bolinghrote, he wrote quired a readiness in Latin and Greek; to which Egay on Man. This was followed by his ad he soon after added the French and Italian. His Epistles; the 4th of which, upon Taile, pim paftorals, begun in 1904, first inoduced him to great offence, he next commenced his Surin the witepif the time ; among whom were Wychere which he continued tall 1739; and in which ly and Waith The same year, he wrott the first attacked perfons of ihe highest rank. His 1.3 part of his Windsor Forest, though the whole was on Man, being trandated into French in 1 not published till 1710. In 1708, he wrote the Abhe kernel, his system of Ethics was crnitat Esay on Criticisini, which is juftly esteemed a mal by Profeffor Cron!az, but detended by Warbu terpiece, though he was not then 20 years old. ton, afterwards bishop of Gloucester. The Rape of the lock was tirit published in 1713; he added a 4th book to the Dun iad. A genul in which, above ali his works, his ftrength of im. coilection of his letters was publithed in 17 agination is most conspicuous. In 1913, he gave He had all his life been subject to the headout propofals for publishing a tranNation of Ho which he derived from his mother; and it mer's Iliad, hy subfeription: hy which he acquire now greatiy incrcaled by a drophy in bis brra ed a considerable fortune. The subscription a- under which he expired the 30th of May 1944 mounted to 6000l. besides 1 2001. which Lintot the s6th year of his age. He left Miss Blau the bookfeller gave him for i he copy. Pope's ti. his bur, a lady to whom he was long devote pances being now in good condition, he purcha. and to Mr Warburton he left the property of fed a house at Twickenham, whitherte removed works; who accordingly gave a complete edicà with his father and mother in 1919: where the of all his works, in 1751, in 9 vols. Svo. Ready former died about two years after. As he was a who wish to know more of this eminent Papift, he could not purchase, rior put his money may consult Warton' Ellay on the il riting: to interest on real fecurity; and as he adhered to Genius of Pope. Lord Orrery lays of him, the cause of King James, he made it a point of chief aim was to be esteemed a man of vro conscience not to lend it to the new government; His manners were delicate, easy, and ergag fo that, though he was once worth near 20,000. and he treated his friends with a politcoets IN yet, living atterwards upon the principai, he did charmed, and a generosity that was much to not leave a great fortune to his family. But he in honour." Yet Dr Johnson accuses bim of pari proved it to the utmost; and had already acquir- mony. By natural deformily, or accidental ed much by his pubiications. In 1919, he pub- fortune, his life was a long dulcafe, fruta ex lished a collection of all he had printed separate- arose many of his peculiarities. See Joerall \y; and proceeded to give a new edition of Snake. Lives of the Poets. Ipeare ; which, being published in 1721, difco- (2.) Pope, Sir Thomas, an eminent EN vered that he had consuited his fortune more than Statesman of the 16th century, bom in 1508. H his fame in that undertaking. The liad being was a map of Letters, and the founder of Trea finithed, he engaged upon the like footing to un- College, Oxford. lle died in 1588. dertake the Odyfley. Mr Broome and Mr Fen. (3.) PopF, in ichthyology. See PERCA, I ton did part of it, and received scel. from bim for (4.) * Pope. n. fi ipapa, Lat. **152..] 1. Ta their labours. . It was published in the same man- bishop of Rome. -her, and on the same conditions to Lintut; ex- I appeal unto the pope to be judg'd by him. cepting that, inftad of 12001. he had hut 6ool. for the copy. This work being finished in 1925, he -He was organist in the pape's chapel at Mc was afterwards employed with Swift and Arboth. Peacbam.- Christianity has been more oppred pot in printing some yo umes of Micelianit s. A. by those that thus fought for it, than tho's tu bout this time he narrowly escaped losing his life', were in arms against it: upon this score, the as he was returning bome in a friend's chariot ; has done her more harm than the Turk. Der which, on pafling a bridge, lappened to be over. Piety. 2. A imali fish. A pope, by some case!! turned, and thrown with the horses into the river. ruile, is much like a pearch for shape, but wij The glaffes were up, and he was not abic to break not grow bigger than a gudgeon: an excello them; fo that he woud have been drowned, if fiin, of a plealant taite, and spawns in Apri". the portilion bad not broke them, and drayged Waiton. him out to the bank. A fragment of the giass, (5.) Pope is derived from the Greek wrus however, cut him so desperately, that he ever af. flare, and fighties Foiber. In the e: At this si ter loft she use of two of his fingers. In 1927 his pellation is given to all. Chutian prests; Durciad appeared ip liesas.d; and in 1728 in Eng. the weit, bithops were called by it in anciert

unc

POORJOHN. n. f. [ callarius.] A-fort of fish. .worth.

A KNIGHTS, a cluster of islands, in the Pacific Ocean, near the NE. coaft of New ad. Lon. 174. 42. E. Lat. 35. 30. S. POORLY, adj. (from poor.) 1. Without t-Tafe thieves fpared his life, letting ro to learn to live poorly. Sidney. 2. Not troudly; with little fuccefs.-If you fow one Lad with the fame kind of grain, it will prof. bat poorly. Bacon. 3. Meanly; without ipi

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No letfe I hate him than the gates of hell, That poornee can force an untruth to tell.

Chapman. prince fhould complain of the poorness of mchequer, would he be angry with his mer if they brought him a cargo of good bul Burnet. 2. Meannefs; lowness; want of -The Italian opera feldom finks into a are of language. Addison.-There is a kind of 4gb refignation, as well as poorness and dege acy of fpirit, in a state of Alavery. Addifon. 3. nuity; Farrenness. The poorness of the herbs the poorness of the earth. Bacon.-Enquire ferences of metals which contain other meA and how that agrees with the poornes or is of the metals in themselves. Bacon. POOROONDER, a town and fort of Hindooin Vilapour; feated on a mountain, 20 miles of Poonah, and 90 NW. of Vifiapour. The chives of government are kept in it. Lon. 74. E Lat. 18. 18. N. *POORSPIRITED. adj. { poor and fpirit.] Mean; wardly.

Miran! poorfpirited wretch! thou haft de-
coy'd me.

Denham.
PookSPIRITEDNESS. n. f. Meannefs; cow.
adice-A cause of men's taking pleasure in the
of others, is, from that meannefs and poorfpi-
W that accompanies guilt. South.
POOTE, a town of France, in the dep. of
Mare, 7 miles ENE. of Vilaine, and 12 WSW.
Alençon.

*POP. n. S. \ poppysma, Lat.] A small fmart fuck found. It is formed from the found.-I dave feveral ladies, who could not give a pop loud nough to be heard at the farther end of the room. Add fun.

1.) Te Por. v. n. [from the noun.] To move enter with a quick, fudden, and unexpected

sation.

He that kill'd my king,
Pupt in between th' election and my hopes.

A boat was funk, and all the folk drowned, faving one omy woman, that in her rit popping up again, espied the boat rifen likewife, and floats ing by ner, got hold of the boat, and fat aftride upon one of its fides, Cares.-I ftartled at his popping upon me unexpectedly. Addison.As he fcratched to fetch up thought, Forth por d the iprite fo thin. Swift. -Others have a trick of popping up and down every moment. Swift.

(2.) * To Por. v. a., 1. To put out or in fud. denly, fily or unexpectedly.—

That is my brother's plea,
The which if he can prove, he pops me out
At leaft from fair five hundred pound a year.

He popped a paper into his hand.

Shak. Milton.

A fellow, finding somewhat prick him, fopt is finger upon the place. L'Efrange. The com monwealth popped up its head for the third time under Brutus and Caffius, and then-funk for ever, Dryden.

Didft thou never pop

Thy head into a tinman's fhop?

Prior.

2. To thift.-It is better to tell them plainly, that it is a thing that belongs not to them to know, than to pop them off with a faithood. Locke.

POPACHTON, a town of New York, 38 miles WNW. of Efopus.

POPE, in Roman antiquity, perfons who at tended the facrifices, provided the victims, knocked them down and killed them. They were half naked; their shoulders, arms, and upper parts of their bodies being uncovered as far as their naveis, and the reft covered to the mid-leg with a . linen apron, or the skins of the facrifices. They wore crowns of laurel on their heads..

POPA-MADRE, a town of South America, in Terra Firma. In this place there is a convent and chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary, to whofe image the Spaniards in those parts go in pilgrimage, particularly those who have been at fea. It is feated on a high mountain, 50 miles E. of Carthagena. Lon. 74. 32. W. Lat. 10. 15. N.

(1.) POPAYAN, a province of South America, in Terra Firma, bounded on the N. by Carthagena; E. by New Granada, S. by Quito, and W. by the S. Pacific Ocean; 400 miles in length, and 300 in breadth. A chain of barren mountains runs through the country from N. to S. and near the fea the foil is fo foaked with almoft continual rains, that few care to refide there, except for the fake of the gold that is met with in great plenty in the fands of the rivulets. This bewitching metal brings many in fearch of it, though many of thefe never return. For this reafon the favage A. mericans are still mafters of a great part of it. Yet the Spaniards carry on a great trade in it, in all kinds of Spanish goods, from Carthagena, and Quito.

(2.) POPAYAN, the capital of the above province, with a bishop's fee, a Spanish governor, and courts of juftice. It has about 25,000 inhabitants, who are almost ali Creoles. It is 220 miles NE. of Quito. Lon. 75. 55. W. Lat. 2. 35. N.

(1.) POPE, Alexander, a celebrated English Shak. pott, defcended from good families, and born the U 2

8th

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Sth of June 1688, at London, where his father
was then a confiderabic merchant. The family
being of the Romish religion, he was put, at 8
years of age, under one Taverner, a priest, who
tauy ht him the rudiments of the Latin and Greek
tongues Jogether; and foon after he was fent to a
Popish feminary at Winchefter, whence he was
removed to a school at Hyde Park corner. He
difcovered early an inclination to verifying; and
Opby's Virgil and Sandys's Ovid were his fa
vourite books. At 12 he retired with his parents
to Binfield, in Windfor Foreft; where he studied
Spenfer, Waller, and Dryden. At 1s he had ac
quired a readiness in Latin and Greek; to which
he foon after added the French and Italian. His
paftorals, begun in 1704, first in roduced him to
the wits of the time; among whom were Wycher-
ly and Wash The fame year, he wrote the first
part of his Windfor Foreft, though the whole was
not published till 1710. In 1708, he wrote the
Effay on Criticism, which is juftiy efteemed a maf-
terpiece, though he was not then 20 years old.
The Rape of the Lock was first published in 1712;
in which, above ali his works, his ftrength of im.
agination is moft confpicuous. In 1713, he gave
out propofals for publishing a translation of Ho-
mer's Iliad, by subscription: by which he acquire
ed a confiderable fortune. The fubfcription a-
mounted to 6000l. befides 1200l. which Lintot
the bookfeller gave him for the copy. Pope's fi-
pances being now in good condition, he purcha-
fed a houfe at Twickenham, whither he removed
with his father and mother in 1715: where the
former died about two years after. As he was a
Papift, he could not purchase, nor put his money
to intereft on real fecurity; and as he adhered to
the caufe of King James, he made it a point of
confcience not to lend it to the new government;
fo that, though he was once worth near 20,000l.
yet, living afterwards upon the principai, he did
not leave a great fortune to his family. But he im-
proved it to the utmost; and had already acquir-
ed much by his pubiications. In 1717, he pub-
lifhed a collection of all he had printed feparate-
ly; and proceeded to give a new edition of Shake-
Ipeare; which, being published in 1721, difco-
vered that he had confuited his fortune more than
his fame in that undertaking. The liad being
finished, he engaged upon the like footing to un-
dertake the Odyffey. Mr Broome and Mr Fen.
ton did part of it, and received scal. from him for
their labours. It was published in the fame man-
her, and on the fame conditions to Lintut; ex-
cepting that, instead of 1200l. he had but 6ool. for
the copy. This work being finifhed in 1725, he
was afterwards employed with Swift and Arbath-
not in printing fome volumes of Mifcellanies. A
bout this time he narrowly escaped lofing his life,
as he was returning home in a friend's chariot;
which, on pafling a bridge, happened to be over-
turned, and thrown with the horfes into the river.
The glaffes were up, and he was not able to break
them; fo that he would have been drowned, if
the poftilion had not broke them, and dragged
him out to the bank. A fragment of the giafs,
however, cut him fo defperately, that he ever af-
ter loft the pfe of two of his fingers. In 1727 his
Dunciad appeared in Ireland; and in 1728 in Eng-

land, with notes by Switt, under the name Scriblerus. It is a piece of the most perfect stim that ever was written. This edition was pre fented to the king and queen by Sir Robert Wa pole; who, about this time, offered Pope a pa fion, which however he refused, as he had to merly done a proposal of the fame kind ma him by Lord Haltax. He greatly cultivated fpirit of independency; and

"Unpiac'd, unpenfion'd, no man's heir
flave,"

was frequently his boaft. In 1729, by the adva
and affittance of Lord Bolingbroke, he wrate
Efay on Man. This was followed by his Et
Epifles; the 4th of which, upon Tafe, give.
great offence, he next commenced his Sati
which he continued till 1739; and in which
attacked persons of the higheft rank. His E
on Man, being tranflated into French in 1738)
Abbe Refnel, his fyftem of Ethics was centur
by Profeffor Cronfaz, but defended by Warbi
ton, afterwards bishop of Gloucefter.
In 17
he added a 4th book to the Dunciad. A genul
collection of his letters was publifhed in 1♬
He had all his life been fubject to the head-ai
which he derived from his mother; and it
now greatly increased by a droply in his bre
under which he expired the 30th of May 1744
the 56th year of his age. He left Mifs Blog
his heir, a lady to whom he was long devote
and to Mr Warburton he left the property of
works; who accordingly gave a complete editi
of all his works, in 1751, in 9 vols. 8vo. Read
who wish to know more of this eminent pë
may confult Warton' Effay on the Writings
Genius of Pope. Lord Orrery fays of him, “
chief aim was to be efteemed a man of virt
His manners were delicate, eafy, and engagin
and he treated his friends with a politeness ti
charmed, and a generofity that was much to i
honour." Yet Dr Johnfon accufes him of pa
mony. By natural deformity, or accidental a
fortune, his life was a long difeafe, from win
arofe many of his peculiarities. See Joinfa
Lives of the Poets.

(2.) POPE, Sir Thomas, an eminent Eng! Statesman of the 16th century, born in 1508. was a man of Letters, and the founder of Tru College, Oxford. He died in 1588.

(3.) POPE, in ichthyology. See PERÇA, No (4.) * POPE. n. f. [papa, Lat. #2**25.] 1. T bishop of Rome.-

I appeal unto the pope to be judg'd by him Ste -He was organist in the pope's chapel at Rom Peacham.- Chriftianity has been more oppret! by those that thus fought for it, than thofe ta were in arms against it; upon this score, the has done her more harm than the Turk. De.s Piety. 2. A imali fish. A pope, by fome carro ruffe, is much like a pearch for shape, but w not grow bigger than a gudgeon; au excell fish, of a pleasant tafte, and spawns in Apr Walton.

(5.) POPE is derived from the Greek w are, and fignifies Father. In the cast this a pellation is given to all Chriftian priests; and the weft, bithops were called by it in ancie

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es: but now for many centuries it has been-prefect of the fignature of justice-préfect of propriated to the bishop of Rome, whom the memorials-and fecretary of state. They have A Catholics look upon as the common father the title given them of eminence and m ft minent. al Chriftians. All in communion with the fee But here we confider them principally as the per.. Home unanimously hold, that our Saviour Je fons entrusted with the choice of the pope. See 1 Chrift constituted St Peter the apoftle chief CARDINAL. On the demife of a pope his ponti atur under himself, to watch over his whole fical feal is immediately broken by the chamber. Luck here on earth, and to preserve the unity of it; lain, and all public bufinefs is interrupted that g him the power requifite for thefe ends. can be delayed: meflengers are dispatci ed to all They also believe, that our Saviour ordained, that the Catholic fovereigns to acquaint them or the Feter should have fucceffors with the like charge event; that the cardinals in their dominions, if power, to the end of time. Now, as St Pe- any there be, may haften to the future election if ter retised at Rome for many years, and fuffered they choose to attend; whilft the whole attention -atyrdom there, they confider the bithops of of the facred college is turned to the prefervation he is his fucceffors in the dignity and office of of tranquillity in the city and state, and to the ivatal paftor of the whole Catholic church. neceffary preparations for the future election. The The have been fome varieties in the manner of cardinal chamberlain has, during the vacancy, the bithop of Rome in different ages, as great authority; he toins money with his own ralus may be made in difcipline; but ftill arms on it, lodges in the pope's apartments, and cergy of Rome have juftly had the chief part is attended by body-guards. He, and the firfi carthat ciection: and that clergy is now reprefent dinal bishop, the first cardinal priest, and the first cardinal deacon, have, during that time, the government almost entirely in their hands. The body of the deceafed pope is carried to St Peter's, where funeral fervice is performed for him with great pomp for nine days, and the cardinals attend there every morning. In the mean time, ali neceftary preparations for the election are made; and the place where they affemble for that pur. pofe, which is called the conclave, is fitted up in that part of the Vatican palace which is nearest to St Peter's church. Here is formed by partitions of wood a number of cells or chambers equal to the number of cardinals, with a fmall diftance between every two, and a broad gallery before them. A number is put on every cell, and small paper's with correfponding numbers are put into a box: every cardinal, or fome one for him, draws out one of thefe papers, which determines in what cell he is to lodge. The cells are lined with cloth; and there is a part of each one feparated for the conclavifts or attendants, of whom two are allow ed to each cardinal, and three to cardinal princes. They are perfons of fome rank, and generally of great confidence; but they must carry in their mafter's meals, ferve him at table, and perform all the offices of a menial fervant. Two phyficians, two furgeons, an apothecary, and fome o ther neceffary officers, are chofen for the conclave by the cardinals. On the 10th day after the pope's death, the cardinals, who are then at Rome, and in a competent state of health, meet in the chapel of St Peter's, which is called the Gregorian chapel where a fermon on the choice of a pope is preach

, or in fome manner confifts of, the cardinals, mave for several centuries been the fole elecof the pope. Thefe cardinals or principal of the church of Rome are 70 in number, the facred college is complete. Of thefe fix am crizal bifhops, the bishops of Oftia, of PorLiao, Sabino, Tufculum or Frafcati, and fizette or Palestrina; which are the fix fubur bez churches; 50 are cardinal priefts, who are all titles from parish churches in Rome; and 44 are cardinal deacons, who have their titles churches in Rome of lefs note, called Dia s of Deaconries. Thefe cardinals are created be the pope when there happen to be vacancies; fometimes he names one or two only at a ; but commonly he defers the promotion un abere be 10 or 12 vacancies or more; and then every ad fuch promotion the emperor, the kings Spain and France, and of Britain, when Catx, are allowed to prefent one each, to be de cardinal, whom the pope always admits if Sere be not fome very great and evident objec m. Thefe cardinals are commonly promoted tan among fuch clergymen as have born offices 2. the Roman court; fome are allumed from reas orders; eminent ecclefiaftics of other coun4s are likewife often honoured with this digni", as the archbishops of Toledo and Vienna, &c. ak of fovereign princes have frequently been the facred college; and Card. Stewart is the .." is the direct line of the royal family of Stuart, Tacir diftinctive drefs is fearlet, to fignify that sought to be ready to fhed their blood for the Is and church, when the defence and honoured techer require it. They wear a fcarlet cap and LZ: the cap is given to them by the pope if they at Rome, and is fent to them if they are abIn; but the hat is never given but by the pope's san hand. Thefe cardinals form the pope's tuding council or confiflory for the managetat of the whole public affairs of church and eate. They are divided into different congre jutans for the more eafy difpatch of butinefs; * Lime of them have the principal offices in the stifical court, as that of cardinal-vicar-peniary-chancellor-camerlingo or chamberlain

to them, and mass is said for invoking the grace of the Holy Ghoft. Then the cardinals proceed to the conclave in proceffion two by two, and take up their abode. When all is properly fettled, the conclave is fhut up, having boxed wheels or places of communication in convenient quarters: there are allo strong guards placed all around. When any foreign cardinal arrives after the inclo fure, the conclave is opened for his admiffion. In the beginning every cardinal figns a paper, containing a obligation, that if he fhall be raifed to the papal chair he will not alienate any part of the pontifical dominion; that he will not be prodigal

to

to his relations; aud any other fuch ftipulations as may have been fettled in former times or framed for that occafion.

(6.) POPE, DOMINIONS OF THE, on the EcCLESIASTCAL STATES, a country of Italy. It was formerly bounded on the N. by the gulph of Venice and the Venetian dominions, on the S. by the Mediterranean, on the E. by the kingdom of Naples and the Adriatic, and on the W. by Tufcany and Modena. It was 400 miles long on the coast of the Adriatic from Naples to the Venetian territory. It was but narrow, however, from N. to S. not being more than 80 miles broad from the gulph of Venice to the Tufcan fea. But during the late revolutionary war, it has undergone various changes and confiderable reduction. See ECCLESIASTICAL STATE, 5; and ITALY, 29. At prefent (Sept. 1804.) Romagna, Bologna, and Ferrara, are included in the Italian republic; and Avignon, and Venaitlin in the French republic. The foil, in general, of the pope's dominions is very fertile, but ill cultivated; and there are still fome fens and marihy grounds which are prejudicial to the air: though the late Pope Pius VI. drained a great extent of thefe; (See Pius VI, and PONTINE LAKE.) That the lands are badly cultivated and inhabited, the air bad, and the inhabitants poor, idle, lazy, and grofsly fuperftitious, is owing to a variety of caufes. Refpecting the accommodations of life, this country is in a very indifferent condition; for, notwithstanding the fertility of its foil, its advantageous fituation for traffic, the large fums fpent in it by travellers, or remitted to it from foreign countries, and its having, for its ruler, the fucceffor of St Peter, yet it is thin of inhabitants, ill cultivated, and has little trade and manufactures. This is partly owing to the great number of holidays, of sturdy beggars called pilgrims, and of hofpitals and convents, with the amazing but perhaps ufelefs wealth of churches and convents, and the inquifition: but the chief caufe is feverity of the government, and the grievous exactions and hardThips to which the people are expofed. The legates, though moftly clergymen, whofe thoughts ihould be chiefly employed about laying up treafures in heaven, too often, it is faid, fcruple no kind of rapacioufnefs: even the holy father himfelf, and the cardinals, often make the enriching of their nephews and other relations, and the aggrandizing their families, too much the business of their lives. The extenfive claims and great pretenfions of the pope are well known, and by a large part of Chriftendom, are now generally treated with contempt. The Reformation gave a great blow to his fpiritual power; and the French revolution leffened it ftill more, till Bonaparte "healed the wound of the beaft," (to borrow the style of our old reformers,) and reftored that power, in a confiderable degree to his Holiness, which his predeceffors, the democratic infidels had overthrown. The Campania of Rome is under the pope's immediate government; but the other remaining provinces are governed by legates and vice-legates, and there is a commander in chief of the pope's forces in every province. The fpiritual power of the pope, though far fhort of

what it was before the reformation, is ftill com derable. It is computed that the monks and i gular clergy, who are abfolutely at his devoti do not amount to lefs than 2,000,000 of pev difperfed through all the Roman Catholic co tries, to afiert his fupremacy over princes, a promote the interest of the church. The reves of thefe monks do not fail fhort of L. 20,000 Sterling, befides the cafual profits ariling n offerings, and the people's bounty to the coun who are taught that their falvation depends this kind of benevolence. The pope's reven as a temporal prince, may amount to ab L. 1,000,000 Sterling per annum, ariling chi from the monopoly of corn, the duties on v and other provifions. Befides thefe, valt i are continually flowing into the papal trea from all the Roman Catholic countries, for dit fations, indulgences, canonizations, annates, pallia, and inveftitures of archbithops, bishops, The pope has a confiderable body of regular for well clothed and paid; but his ficet confifts a of a few galleys. His life-guards are 40 Switz 75 cuiralliers, and as many light horfe. S the beginning of this war, we are told, ix likewife had a guard of English horse.

(7.) POPE, ELECTION OF A. That this r be effectual, two thirds of the cardinals pre must vote for the fame perfan. As this is of not easily obtained, they fometimes remain wh months in the conclave. They meet in the ch twice every day for giving their votes; and election may be effectuated by seruting, accef or acclamation. Scrutiny is the ordinary meth and confiits in this: every cardinal writes his u name on the inner part of a piece of paper, a this is folded up and fealed; on a fecond fold the fame paper a conclavift writes the name of perfon for whom his mafter votes. This, acu ing to agreements obferved for fome centur must be one of the facred college. On the ou fide of the paper is written a sentence at rando which the voter muft well remember. Every c dinal, on entering into the chapel, goes to t altar and puts his paper into a large chalice. Wa all are convened, two cardinals number the vot and if there are more or lefs than the number cardinals prefent, the voting must be repeate When that is not the cafe, the cardinal appoint for the purpofe reads the outer fentence, and t name of the cardinal under it, fo that each vet hearing his own fentence and the name jon with it, knows that there is no mistake. T names of all the cardinals that are voted for a taken down in writing, with the number of vot for each; and when it appears that any one b two 3ds of the number prefent in his favour election is over: but when this does not happen," voting papers are all immediately burnt witho opening up the inner part. When feveral tra of coming to a conclufion by this method of tiny have been made in vain, recourfe is fometin had to what is called acceffion. By it, when cardinal perceives that one or very few votes 4 wanting to any one for whom he had not vote at that time, he may say that he accedes to the c who has nea, the number of votes requifite; an

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