these lines of Iuv. Wolsey, chosen by Johnson as the modern Seianus, resembles him in his power and his fall; otherwise the comparison is far too flattering to Seianus, who more nearly resembled Thos. Cromwell. Cf. Shakspeare's Henry VIII. esp. Wolsey's farewell to his greatness. 56 SUBIECTA POTENTIA MAGNAE INVIDIAE 42 n. Pind. Pyth. XI 29-45. Stat. s. v 1 137-8 quisnam inpacata consanguinitate ligavit fortunam invidiamque deus? Lucr. v 1118-1130. Ov. rem. am. 369 summa petit liv or. Sen. Herc. Oed. 604-617. Even wisdom beyond the measure of man's nature is hated by Zeus and the Fates Philostr. her. 11 § 1. Stob. flor. xxxvii e. g. 34-36. ... 57 MERGIT XIII 8. )( emergo. Lucr. v 1008 rerum copia mersat. Catull. 58 13 merser fortunae fluctibus. Aen. vI 511-2 Heyne me fata mea . his mersere malis. ib. 615. Liv. Ix 18 § 1 Alexandro nondum merso secundis rebus, quarum nemo intolerantior fuit. Lucan 1 159, 160 publica belli | semina, quae populos semper mersere potentes, viz. avarice, ambition, luxury. Plin. h. n. vII § 132 the day honoured with the white pebble has been the origin of trouble. quam multos accepta adflixere imperia! quam multos bona perdidere et ultimis mersere suppliciis. Sil. VIII 285. 58 PAGINA Schol. ' a plate of bronze in front of their statues, containing every step of their advancement, now called tabula patronatus.' cf. VIII 69. Pallad. vi 11 § 3 uses it for the flags of a pavement. Salvian. de gubern. Dei 1 9 incisas digito Dei litteras, rupices paginas, saxeum volumen. DESCENDUNT STATUAE RESTEMQUE SEQUUNTUR VIII 18. dig. XLVIII 4 7 § 4 crimen maiestatis facto vel violatis statuis vel imaginibus maxime exacerbatur in milites. DCass. LXV 10 § 3. Many exx. of destruction by the populace of statues of emperors and grandees are collected by Lips. exc. ad Tac. an. vI 2. Pitisc. s. v. statua p. 849. Sir H. Savile Chrys. VIII 805 b (statues of Theodosius at Antioch, of Constantine in Egypt, of Constantius at Edessa). Add (1) the statues of Ptolemy at Alexandria Iustin. xxxvIII 8 § 12; (2) that of L. Piso at Dyrrachium Cic. in Pis. § 93; (3) Caesar (Suet. 75. Plut. 57 § 3) replaced the statues of Sulla and Pompeius which his party had overthrown; (4) A. D. 43 the brass coins of Gaius (Caligula DCass. LX 22 § 3) melted down; his statues had been removed A.D. 41 ib. 4 § 5; (5) statues of Piso dragged to the scalae Gemoniae Tac. an. III 14; (6) of Poppaea ib. XVI 61. [Sen.] Oct. 808-814 every statue of Poppaea in marble or bronze afflicta vulgi manibus et saevo iacet eversa ferro, membra per partes trahunt | deducta laqueis, obruunt turpi diu | calcata caeno. their words are of a piece with their savage deeds; (7) of all hieronicae by Nero's order, that no trace or memory of them might remain to rival his fame Suet. 24 subverti et unco trahi abicique in latrinas [cf. Iuv. ver. 64] omnium statuas et imagines imperavit; (8) A.D. 68 of Nero, by the soldiers of Verginius Rufus DCass. LXIII 25 § 1; id. LXIV 8 § 3 A.D. 69 Otho ordered the statues 'of the guilty' to be restored; (9) of Vitellius DCass. LXV 21 § 2; (10) of Domitian Suet. 23 the senate 'tore him to tatters' after death with the bitterest jeers, ordered ladders to be brought, his shields and portraits to be taken down before their eyes and dashed upon the ground, all inscriptions in his honour to be effaced, eradendos ubique titulos [Iuv. 58 pagina], and his memory to be abolished. DCass. LXVIII 1 the numerous gold and silver effigies were melted down [Iuv. 614]. Plin. paneg. 52 §§ 4-5 those countless gold statues fell in ruin, an acceptable sacrifice, amid universal rejoicing. It was a delight to them to dash that most tyrannical face to the ground, instare ferro, saevire securibus, as though blood and pain followed every blow. No one was too sober in his joy or too deliberate in gladness, but thought it a kind of revenge to behold mangled limbs, lopped members, and lastly those fierce and terrible images cast out and melted down, excoctas flammis; ut ex illo terrore et minis in usum hominum, ac voluptates ignibus mutarentur. Macrob. 1 12 § 37; (11) of Favorinus at Athens Philostr. soph. 18 § 3 Hadrian's enemy; (12) of Commodus: see the wild cries of the senate, with a burden as of a litany in Lamprid. 18 e. g. § 12 hostis statuas undique, parricidae statuas undique, gladiatoris statuas undique. gladiatoris et parricidae statuae detrahantur; (13) of Plautianus by Severus Spartian. Sever. 14 § 5; (14) of Maximinus, which were burnt Capitolin. 12 § 11. 23 § 7; (15) of Theodosius at Antioch A.D. 387, described by Chrysostom and Libanius Tillemont empér. Iv 264-6. So on the 3 Sept. 1870 the Parisian crowd hooted the statue of the first Napoléon in the Place Vendôme: on the 4th the crowd is tearing down the imperial arms everywhere.' The same day (Daily News 6 Sept.) 'in the neighbourhood of the Pont Neuf I saw people on the tops of ladders busily pulling down the emperor's bust, which the late loyalty of the people led them to stick about in all possible and impossible places. I saw the busts carried in mock procession to the parapet of the Pont Neuf and thrown into the Seine, clapping of hands and hearty laughter greeting the splash which the graven image of the mighty monarch made in the water. Portraits of the emperor and empress, which many of your readers must have seen in the Hôtel de Ville ball-rooms, were thrown out of the windows and the people trod and danced [ver. 86] upon the canvas.' The subsequent fate of the Vendôme column may be read in the history of the Commune. RESTEM the form restim is RESTEMQUE common in Plautus cf. Prisc. VII 52. SEQUUNTUR I 164. Aen. Ix 539 semineces ad terram, inmani mole secuta (veniunt). ib. vi 146. 59 BIGARUM VII 126 n. hist. Apollon. Tyr. 50 statua a nobis posita in biga. 60 INMERITIS Hor. c. 1 17 28 inmeritamque vestem. id. s. 11 3 7 culpantur frustra calami inmeritusque laborat (paries). Prop. 11 4 3 saepe inmeritos corrumpas dentibus ungues. Other exx. in Mühlmann. On the folly of wreaking spite on inanimate things (e. g. throwing away a book written in small characters, tearing a dress that does not hit our fancy) see Sen. de ir. II 26. FRANGUNTUR CRURA the punishment of slaves.. Sen. ib. III 32 § 1 if we have sent a poor slave to the barracoons, ergastula, why need we make haste to flog him, crura protinus frangere? Wetst. on Jo. 19 31. CABALLIS III 118 a word of common life, which has gained dignity in its passage into the Romance languages, cheval, cavalry, chivalry; so tête from testa. 61 CAMINIS XIV 118. hence (through low Lat. caminata) cheminée and chimney. 62 ADORATUM POPULO CAPUT Tac. an. III 72 A.D. 22 Tiberius commends the activity and vigilance of Seianus, by whose exertions a fire had been confined to the theatre of Pompeius: the senate vote Seianus a statue in the restored theatre. IV 2 A. D. 23 Tiberius calls Seianus in the senate and before the people, the partner of his labours,' and allows his images to be worshipped in theatres and market-places and at the headquarters of the legions. ib. 7 Drusus complains cerni effigiem eius in monumentis Cn. Pompeii. ib. 7 A. D. 28 the senate voted altars to Clemency and Friendship, with statues of Tiberius and Seianus about them. Sen. cons. ad Marc. 22. §§ 4-8 a striking passage on the 'bloodhounds' or 'wolves' of Seianus, fed with human blood, whom Cremutius Cordus escaped by suicide. Seianus gave him as 'a largess' congiarium to his client Satrius Secundus. The free speech of Cordus was his ruin: tacitus ferre non potuerat Seianum in cervices nostras ne inponi quidem, sed escendere. A statue was decreed to him in the temple of Pompeius, which Tiberius was restoring. Cordus exclaimed tunc vere theatrum perire. Quid ergo? non rumperetur supra cineres Cn. Pompeii constitui Seianum et in monumentis maximi imperatoris consecrari perfidum militem? Cf. DCass. LVII 21 § 3 who adds that after this many statues of Seianus were made by many, and panegyrics pronounced upon him among the senate and people. ib. LVIII 2 §§ 7-8 A. D. 29 it was decreed that the birthday of Seianus should be kept as a public feast; the number of statues raised to him by the senate, the knights, the tribes and the grandees, was past counting; the senate and knights and people sent envoys to Seianus and Tiberius alike, prayed alike and offered sacrifices for both and swore by the Fortune of both. cf. ib. 6 § 2. 8 § 4. ib. 4 § 4 A. D. 31 brazen statues of Seianus and Tiberius were everywhere set up together, they were painted together, and gilt chairs were set up for both in the theatres: sacrifices were offered to the statues of both alike. ib. 7 §§ 1-2 among other omens of the fall of Seianus: smoke issued from one of his statues; when the head was removed a great snake leapt forth: when a new head was placed upon the statue, and Seianus was about to sacrifice to himself (for such was his practice) on account of the omen, a rope was found round the neck of the statue. ib. 11 § 2 'him, whom they used to adore and sacrifice to him as to a god, they now were leading forth to death.' The name of Seianus was erased from coins (Eckhel vi 196) and inscriptions Orelli 4033. Suet. Tib. 48 certain gifts granted by Tiberius to the legions of Syria, because they alone had worshipped no image of Seianus among the standards. ib. 65 Seianus, who was plotting a revolution, he overthrew at last rather by guile and cunning than by imperial authority, although he saw both that his birthday was already kept as a state holiday and that his golden statues were everywhere wor shipped. 63 SEIANUS L. Aelius Seianus, son of the eques L. Seius Strabo of Volsinii (ver. 74 n. Borghesi oeuvres Iv 435-444. v 86) and a Iunia, adopted by L. Aelius Gallus third prefect of Egypt (Borghesi IV 444 seq.). In his youth he was in the suite of C. Caesar who died Febr. 4 A. D. Shortly after the accession of Tiberius he was made colleague of his father, the praef. praet., and, when his father was entrusted with the government of Egypt, he had the sole command of the praetorian guard, and gradually became the second personage in the state. His daughter was betrothed to a son of Claudius, afterwards emperor Tac. an. III 29. IV 7. Suet. Claud. 27. DCass. LVIII 11 § 5. In his way to the throne stood Drusus son of Tiberius and the children of Germanicus nephew of Tiberius. Having seduced Livia, wife of Drusus, he poisoned her husband A. D. 23 Tac. IV 3. 8. Suet. 62. DCass. LVII 22 § 2; and afterwards sued for her hand, but Tiberius discouraged the suit, as exposing Seianus to envy Tac. IV 39. 40. He fell 18 Oct. 31, when apparently at the summit of his greatness. See the character of him in Tac. Iv 1-3. vI 8 (where he is called 'son-inlaw' of Tiberius cf. Zon. x1 2 fin. DCass. LVIII 7 § 5). Sen. de tranq. an. 11 § 11 'You have filled the highest offices of state: have you filled offices as great or unexpected or as universal as Seianus did? yet on the very day on which the senate had escorted him, the people tore him to pieces. Of him, on whom gods and men had bestowed all gifts that X 80, 81 GENERAL LIBRARY University of minus ludicris quam seriis probari: maiore damno seria, graviore ludicra neglegi: minus acribus stimulis congiaria quam spectacula expeGAN congiariis frumentariam modo plebem singillatim placari ac nominatim PERITUROS AUDIO MULTOS Tac. an. Iv 74 A.D. 28 of the courtiers of S. quidam male alacres, quibus infaustae amicitiae gravis exitus imminebat. ib. vI 1 §§ 1-2 a bold friend of S. who anticipated his sentence by suicide, Blaesus. § 3 P. Vitellius who stabbed himself with a penknife (cf. Suet. Vitell. 2); Pomponius Secundus, who survived Tiberius; Aelius Gallus. § 4 the children of S. (cf. DCass. LVIII 11 § 5). § 6 the one consul, Trio, accused his colleague Regulus of slackness in crushing the accomplices of S. Regulus accused Trio in return of being himself a conspirator (cf. DCass. LVIII 9 § 3). ib. 7 Minucius, who was the more pitied, as having borne meekly the friendship of S.; yet after condemnation he turned informer. ib. 10 Iulius Marinus, formerly a tool of S. ib. 14 Geminius, a boon companion of S. ib. 19 A. D. 33 inritatusque suppliciis cunctos, qui carcere attinebantur accusati societatis cum Seiano, necari iubet. iacuit immensa strages, omnis sexus, omnis aetas, inlustres ignobiles, dispersi aut aggerati. neque propinquis aut amicis adsistere, inlacrimare, ne visere quidem diutius dabatur. sed circumiecti custodes et in maerorem cuiusque intenti corpora putrefacta adsectabantur, dum in Tiberim traherentur, ubi fluitantia aut ripis adpulsa non cremare quisquam, non contingere. ib. 30 A. D. 34 Lentulus Gaetulicus, who had promised his daughter to the son of S., was accused, but escaped, being the only connexion of S. who was spared. ib. 38 A. D. 35 Fulcinius Trio. Suet. Tib. 55 cum plurimorum clade Aelium Seianum (perculit). ib. 61 in omne genus crudelitatis erupit, . . . cum Seiani familiares atque etiam notos persequeretur; post cuius exitum vel saevissimus extitit. Gaius (Caligula) professed to burn the private informations, libelli, against the friends of S. but afterwards brought them forward, defending the severity of Tiberius as necessary id. Cal. 30. cf. 12. DCass. LIX 6 § 3. Plut. de amicor. mult. 7.p. 96b. DCass. LVIII 12 §§ 1-3 the populace slew as it met them the friends of S. who had abused their greatness; the praetorians, jealous of the confidence shewn to the vigiles, set fire to houses and fell to pillage. Those who had courted S., those who had ... accused or borne witness against others to please him, were panic-stricken. ib. 14 his relations, friends, flatterers, and those who had moved the senate to vote him honours, were put on their trial; some who had been acquitted were again tried, on the ground that they owed their escape to his favour; the mere fact that one had been a friend of S. stood in lieu of all proof of guilt; his own creatures endeavoured to screen themselves by accusing others. ib. 15 §§ 1-3 most of the accused committed suicide. Senators and knights and ladies were crowded into the carcer, and either despatched there or thrown headlong from the Capitol. ib. 16 §§ 5-7 guilty and innocent suffered alike. Once Tiberius declared that any one was free to mourn for S.; but shortly afterwards the executions were resumed. ib. 19 some friends of S. were spared, as L. Seianus the praetor and M. Terentius a knight, who boldly avowed his friendship for the fallen favorite, and defended it by the example of Tiberius. ib. 25 §§ 24 A. D. 35 Fulcinius Trio, who had served S. as an informer, anticipated condemnation by suicide. 82 MAGNA EST FORNACULA Quintil. 1 5 § 46 tells us that some regarded such a contradictio in adiecto (the epithet 'great' with a diminutive) as a solecism vitium, quod fit per quantitatem, ut magnum peculiolum, erunt qui soloecismum putent, quia pro nomine integro positum sit deminutum. Apul. mag. 74 calls a false accuser totius calumniae fornacula. The form forn. is also used by Vitruvius and Fronto; diminutives began to be affected in the silver age; and have passed in great numbers into the Romance languages ver. 173 n. The metaphor lay very near cf. ver. 61 seq. In such a devouring furnace perished the friends of Livia (Suet. Tib. 51), Agrippina (Tac. an. Iv 52) and Germanicus (ib. 68; see esp. 69 fin. for the universal terror). So Gaius (Caligula) prosecuted many on the score of friendship for his former victims (DCass. LIX 23 § 8); the case of Lepidus, his brother-in-law and intended successor (ib. 22 §§ 6-9) is an exact parallel to this of S.; the soldiers received a donative as for a victory, and three swords were dedicated by the emperor to Mars Ultor. MI the only instance of this form in Iuv. 83 BRUTIDIUS MEUS Brutidius Niger, a famous orator of the day, aedile A. D. 22, when he accused C. Silanus Tac. an. 111 66 Brutidium artibus honestis copiosum et, si rectum iter pergeret, ad clarissima quaeque iturum festinatio extimulabat, dum aequales, dein superiores, postremo suasmet ipse spes anteire parat: quod multos etiam bonos pessum dedit, qui spretis quae tarda cum securitate, praematura vel cum exitio properant, words which seem to imply that Brutidius incurred some hazard by thus serving the ends of S. DCass. LVIII 12 § 3 notes that many who had accused the victims of S. were themselves accused after his fall. He described the death of Cicero and the exposure of his head M. Sen. suas. 6 §§ 20-1 pp. 34-5 Bu. cf. id. contr. 9 §§ 35-6 pp. 130-1 (he was a pupil of Apollodorus). Cf. Bücheler in Rhein. Mus. 3 Folge x1 295 on the double form of the name Brutidius and Bruttēdius. I 44 n. MARTIS ARAM in the campus Martius, near the porticus reaching from the porta fontinalis on the Quirinal to the saepta and diribitorium, Burn Rome and the Campagna 344—5. Liv. xxxv 10 § 12. XL 45 § 8. 84-5 QUAM TIMEO VICTUS NE POENAS EXIGAT AIAX UT MALE DEFENSUS-the contest between A. and Ulixes for the arms of Achilles was a commonplace of rhetoric vII 115 consedere duces surgis tu pallidus Aiax. Greek declamations of Antisthenes are extant on the subject. Porcius Latro also declaimed on it in his school, from whom his pupil Ovid m. x111 borrowed (M. Sen. contr. 10 § 8 AD |