were appropriated to this use. Arn. 19 quid si sole aliquis torrere se suetus et adquirere corpori siccitatem...conqueratur frequentissimis nubilis iucunditatem serenitatis ablatam? numquid ideo dicenda sunt nubila inimica obductione pendere, quia libidini non permittitur otiose rutilare se flammis et causas potionibus praeparare? on Plat. Phaedr. p. 262 seq. fuligo lucubrationum bibenda. sun 193.

70 years of age.

Ast

BIBAT Quintil. xi 3 § 23 VERNUM the April CONTRACTA shrunk, Iuv. being about CUTICULA the i is long also in

canicula, clavicula, craticula L. Müller de re metr. 353.

204 EFFUGIATQUE TOGAM III 172 n. lunata nusquam pellis, et nusquam toga, thus Mart. (1 49 31) recommends the life in his native Spain. So XII 18 17 ignota est toga. Spart. Hadr. 22 senatores et equites Romanos semper in publico togatos esse iussit, nisi si a cena reverterentur. On public occasions, as in the circus, the toga was full dress Suet. Aug. 40 negotium aedilibus dedit, ne quem posthac paterentur in foro circove nisi positis lacernis togatum consistere. Lampr. Comm. 16 contra consuetudinem paenulatos iussit spectatores, non togatos ad munus convenire; this order (the paenula being dark and worn by mourners) passed for an omen of the emperor's death. Friedländer 113 274. BALNEA III 262 263. VI 419. Artemid. 1 64 εἶτα δὴ λούονται μέλλοντες δειπνήσειν καὶ ἔστι νῦν τὸ βαλανεῖον οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἢ ὁδὸς ἐπὶ τροφήν. Cato bathed and supped as usual before his nobile letum App. b. c. 11 98. Apul. met. VIII 29. x 15. The usual time of bathing was the eighth hour Mart. x1 52 3. Plin. ep. 1 1 § 8 ubi hora balnei nuntiata est, est autem hieme nona, aestate octava, in sole, si caret vento, ambulat nudus. Spartian. Hadr. 22 ante octavam horam in publico neminem nisi aegrum lavari passus est. The tenth hour is also named as late Mart. 111 36 5. x 70 13. cf. VII 51 11. Some bathed at the sixth hour ib. 48 1-4 nuntiat octavam Phariae sua turba iuvencae | ...temperat haec thermas, nimios prior hora vapores halat et immodico sexta Nerone calet. Spartian. Pescenn. 3 a letter of Severus: tribuni medio die lavant, pro tricliniis popinas habent, pro cubiculis meritoria. saltant, bibunt, cantant et mensuras conviviorum vocant hoc sine mensura potare. Vitruv. v 10 § 1 maxime tempus lavandi a meridiano ad vesperum est constitutum. Tert. apol. 42 non lavor diluculo saturnalibus, ne et noctem et diem perdam, attamen lavor honesta hora et salubri, quae mihi et calorem et sanguinem servet; rigere et pallere post lavacrum mortuus possum. Here Iuv. proposes to bathe at once, though it wants a whole hour of noon Iuv. 1 49 n. 143 n. Lips. exc. on Tac. XIV 2. Marquardt v (1) 277 278. Vopisc. Florian. 6 (11 631-4). Becker Gallus sc. 7 exc. 1.

Salm, on

205 FRONTE XIII 242. Pers. v 103 104 exclamet Melicerta

perisse frontem de rebus.

QUAMQUAM SUPERSIT

xv 30; so generally 1 20 partem solido 206 QUINQUE 208 VOLUPTATES COM

II 4 5. VI 88. 199. vII 15. x 34 n. xii 25. XIII 172. in Tac. SOLIDA HORA Hor. c. 1 demere de die. See the lexx. DIEBUS Hor. s. 1 3 16. MENDAT RARIOR USUS 'seasons,' 'enhances,' 'sets off.' Phaedr. II pr. 7 a jest re commendatur, non auctoris nomine. Plin. ep. 1 2 § 6 sed sane blandiantur, dum per hoc mendacium nobis studia nostra commendent. VII 3 § 3 tempus est te revisere molestias nostras vel ob hoc solum, ne voluptates istae satietate languescant. IX 5 § 1 iustitiam tuam provincialibus multa humanitate commendas. ib. 36 § 6 quorum mihi

agrestes querellae litteras nostras et haec urbana opera commendant. id. pan. 5 maris caelique temperiem turbines tempestatesque commendant. Ruhnken on Vell. II 29 § 2. comm. on Petr. 110 p. 656.

ADDENDA.

10 Sen. ben. I 10 § 2 foedissimum patrimoniorum exitium culina. Philo legat. 43 (11 596 M) the great men who thought that they were in highest favour with Gaius, were compelled to incur great expenses, πάμπολλα μὲν εἰς τὰς ἀκρίτους καὶ ἀτάκτους καὶ ἐξαπιναίους ἀποδημίας ἀναλίσκοντες, πάμπολλα δὲ εἰς τὰς ἑστιάσεις. ὅλας γὰρ οὐσίας ἐξανάλουν εἰς ἑνὸς δείπνου παρασκευήν, ὡς καὶ δανείζεσθαι· τοσαύτη τις ἣν ἡ πολυτέλεια.

18 MATRIS IMAGINE FRACTA Ambr. de Tobia § 10 (the whole treatise is on usury) at ubi usurarum facta fuerit mentio aut pignoris, tunc deiecto supercilio fenerator arridet et, quem ante sibi cognitum denegabat, eundem tamquam paternam amicitiam recordatus osculo excipit, hereditariae pignus caritatis appellat, flere prohibet. 'quaeremus' inquit 'domi si quid nobis pecuniae est: frangam propter te argentum paternum quod fabrefactum est; plurimum damni erit: quae usurae compensabunt pretia emblematum?' Mart. xi 11 5 cited x 362 n.

31 Lucian pro imag. 20 τὸν Θερσίτην εὐμορφότερον ἀποφῆναι τοῦ ̓Αχιλλέως.

33 TE CONSULE Sen. n. q. iv praef. § 18 ipse te consule, verane an falsa memoraveris.

[40 Ov. ibidem 846 demisso in viscera censu. Plaut. trin. 424 nisi forte in ventrem filio correpserit. The general character of the imagery of the whole passage reminds me of Pers. 11 50 51 donec deceptus et exspesnequiquam fundo suspiret nummus in imo.' J. C.]

43 MENDICAT [Quintil.] decl. 9 § 23 duo egentes et circa omnium, vel ignotorum, domos stipem rogabimus pariter....fortasse proderit mendicaturo mihi, quod ipse aliquando egentem pauperem alui.

[53 'ANNO same abl. as 72 parte anni.' J. B. M.]

[72 'PARTE good part. xII 110 partem aliquam belli.' J. B. M.] 148 ET MAGNO Ambr. de Tobia § 19 adhibentur nitentes ministri, magno empti pretio, sumptu pascendi maiori.

149 TONSI DL. vI 31 the pupils of Diogenes.

150 PEXI Lucian cited x 117 fin.

157 Sen. n. q. VII 31 § 2 adhuc quicquid est boni moris, exstinguimus levitate et politura corporum.

164 Alkiphr. ep. 1 39.

XII

TO-DAY, Corvinus, I keep holy to the gods, who have delivered Catullus; nor, were my means equal to my affection, would I withhold the costliest offerings (1-16). For, after encountering all the perils of a storm, and cheerfully sacrificing his treasures to lighten the ship, he has reached in safety our new harbour (17-92). Wonder not then at my rejoicing, nor question its sincerity: he, for whom I raise so many altars, is no orbus, that a fortune-hunter should pay him court: even those who would offer their own children on the altar to propitiate the childless rich, would think any the smallest attention thrown away upon the father of three sons (93-130). With 1-92 cf. Catull. 9. Hor. c. 1 36. II 7. III 14. Stat. s. II 7. Mart. x 87. Gell. XIX 9. With 93-130 Hor. s. 1 5. Luc. dial. mort. 5-9. Obbar on Hor. ep. 1 1 78.

1-16 To-day, Corvinus, is sweeter to me than a birthday. To-day I perform the promised vow to the three gods of the Capitol, snow white lambs to Iuno and Minerva, to Iuppiter a calf just weaned; if my fortune were as my love, a fat bull from the Clitumnus should prove my gratitude for my friend's deliverance.

1 NATALI XI 84 n. Hor. c. Iv 11 17 18 iure sollemnis mihi sanctiorque | paene natali proprio. Mart. Ix 53. Censorin. 3 § 6. Aug. de beata vita § 6 idibus Novembris mihi natalis dies erat: post tam tenue prandium, ut ab eo nihil ingeniorum impediretur etc. Becker Gallus 13 127 128. Serv. on ecl. III 76 sane cum natalis apud maiores plenum fuerit, posteritas natalis dies dicere coepit: nam cum Hor. dixerit natales (ep. ir 2 210), Iuv. ait natali Corvine, die. Cic. however (see Forcell.) uses natalis dies. 2 PROMISSA 115. XIII 233.

CESPES 85. Ov. tr. v 5 9 araque gramineo viridis de caespite fiat. Tert. apol. 25 prope fin. temeraria de caespite altaria. Hor. c. 1 19 13. III 8 4. Luc. Ix 988. Stat. s. 1 4 131. Lact. vI 25 § 27 God requires an offering not of the man and the life; for which neque verbenis opus est, neque fibris, neque caespitibus, quae sunt utique vanissima, sed iis, quae de intimo pectore proferantur. Maxim. Taur. serm. 96 p. 655 (ed. 1784). Berthold de ara 6 (Graev. VI 273 274).

3 NIVEAM Aen. IV 61 (cited 8 n.). White victims were offered to the gods

were those magazines of corn, by seizing which Alaric (A.D. 409) compelled Rome to surrender (Gibbon, c. 31 n. 86 seq. Tillemont Honore art. 36). Philostorg. XII 3 he seizes Portus, the chief naval station of Rome, encircled by three harbours and extending to the compass of a great city: here all the public corn was stored.' Gifford 'My curiosity led me also to Ostia (1789) and I walked between the piers, now covered with grass. The land has gained considerably on the west as well as the east coast of Italy; the bottom of the old harbour, on which we now walk, is therefore much raised: yet the arms are still so high above it, as to intercept the view of the adjoining country. The extremities of the old arms towards the sea must have fallen in; for, in their present state, they are but short, and a sandy coast stretches out far beyond them.' Merivale ch. 49. E. H. Bunbury in dict. geogr. who gives a plan. Visconti escavazioni di Ostia (annali d. inst. 1857 281-340), and i monumenti del metroon ostiense (ib. 1868 362-413). Lanciani ricerche topogr. sulla città di Porto (ib. 1868 144-195 with tav. 49 of the monumenti). O. Hirschfeld röm. Verwaltungsgesch. I 139-142. Marquardt röm. Staatsverw. II 130 131. Lehmann Claudius Gotha 1858 199 (another great work of Cl., the emissary of the lacus Fucinus, was originally designed to feed the new canal). 250 251. Schiller Nero 136 n. 4. 483. 641. Marquardt v (2) 16-18. MOLES 'moles carried out amidst enclosed seas." 76 TYRRHENAM V 96.

PHARON VI 83. the lighthouse. Suet. DCass. Plin. cited 75. Plin. xxxvi § 83. VFl. vII 83-85 non ita Tyrrhenus stupet Ioniusque magister, | qui iam te, Tyberine, tuens clarumque serena | arce pharon. RURSUM breakwaters stretching far into the sea, and then bending again towards the land. 78 NON SIC Hor. c. Iv 14 25.

79 MAGISTER dig. XIV 1 1 § 1 magistrum navis accipere debemus, cui totius navis cura mandata est. 80 BAIANAE CUMBAE such

as those which ply about in the harbour of Baiae III 4 n. xi 49 n. Plin. xiv § 61 fossa Neronis quam a Baiano lacu Ostiam usque navigabilem incohaverat. Prop. 1 11 9 10 atque utinam mage te remis confisa minutis | parvula Lucrina cymba moretur aqua. Mart. III 20 19 20 an aestuantes iam profectus ad Baias | piger Lucrino nauculatur in stagno. Hertzberg from this line infers that the harbour and moles spoken of are those of Baiae, joined with the Lucrine lagoon and Avernian lake by Augustus, to form the portus Iulius (Strab. 245. Suet. Aug. 16. DCass. XLVIII 50. Plin, XXXVI § 125 mare Tyrrhenum a Lucrino molibus seclusum. Verg. g. II 160-4 Servius an memorem portus Lucrinoque addita claustra | atque indignatum magnis stridoribus aequor, | Iulia qua ponto longe sonat unda refuso | Tyrrhenusque fretis immittitur aestus Avernis? Aen. Ix 707-9. Hor, a. p. 63-65. Prop. IV-III 18 1. cf. Vell. 11 79 § 2). But the distance of Baiae from Alba (the sublimis apex of 72), the lighthouse, and the short-lived fame of the portus Iulius (see Bunbury dict. geogr. Lucrinus) confirm the traditional interpretation. The interiora stagna are Trajan's inner basin.

PERVIA in which pleasure-boats ride safe, to which even they find their way. 81 GAUDENT Sen. ep. 78 § 14 quod acerbum fuit, rettulisse iucundum est: naturale est mali sui fine gaudere. Macrob. VII 2 § 9 seq. citing Eur. Andromeda fr. 15 Dind, ws nou ToL OWOÉVTA μeμvñolαι тóvwv. Aristot. rhet. I 11 § 8. Sen. Hf. 660 661.

VERTICE RASO Lucian merc. cond. 1 many who had escaped the parasite's life of slavery (sat. v) told me the tale of

13 CLITUMNI the

(Corssen Aussprache ir2 149). Clitumnus (Clitunno) falls near Mevania in Umbria (Bevagna) into the Tinia (Timia), a tributary of the Tiber Verg. g. 11 146-8 Servius hinc albi, Clitumne, greges et maxima taurus | victima saepe tuo perfusi flumine sacro | Romanos ad templa deum duxere triumphos. Prop. III 19 25 26. Colum. III 8 § 3 armentis sublimibus insignis Mevania est. Luc. 1 473. Stat. s. 1 4 129. Sil. IV 547-8. VI 647 648. VIII 452-3. Plin. ep. vIII 8 highly extols the beauty of its banks and the clearness of its waters. cf. Suet. Cal. 43. Claud. vI cons. Hon. 506 507. epigr. 4 3 4. Addison works 1 410 Bohn. Childe Harold Iv 66–68. PASCUA 40. SANGUIS the blood and neck would go to the altar, i.e. the ox chosen for his fulness of blood (cf. Verg. g. III 492) and thick neck. Cf. infra 112 ebur. XIV 10 gula. x 238 239 halitus oris, | quod steterat multis in carcere fornicis annis. 14 A GRANDI FERIENDA MINISTRO gerundives (in Gr. perf. pass.) usually take dat. of agent; they take abl. with ab (vrò with gen.) however sometimes for perspicuity Cic. leg. agr. 2 § 95 venerandos a nobis. de imp. Pomp. § 6 Halm, esp. p. Caecina § 33 Jordan. ep. fam. 1 9 § 17. Ov. m. 11 431. Roby II pref. LXXV. GRANDI VII 210 n. FERIENDA the technical term Mühlmann col. 191. Ov. f. iv 415 apta iugo cervix non est ferienda securi. MINISTRO popa Suet. Cal. 32 admota altaribus victima succinctus poparum habitu elato alte malleo cultrarium mactavit. 16 AMICI Catullus 29. 93.

17-61 Catullus has escaped not only the risks of the waves but thunderboits; darkness overcast the heaven with one cloud and a sudden flash caught the yard-arms; every man thought himself struck, and stunned with the shock counted blazing shrouds worse than any shipwreck.___No terror by which poets add awe to a storm was wanting there. Hear another form of danger, and pity once more; though it is true what remains, if terrible, is but part and parcel of the same mischance, known to many, to which numerous temples by their votive tablets bear witness. Who knows not that painters look to Isis for their bread? The hold now half filled, as the billows rocked the ship, and the hoary master's skill found no help for the tottering tree, he compounded with the wind by lightening the vessel; as the beaver ransoms his life by biting off the drug for which he is hunted. 'Over with all that's mine' cried Catullus, readily offering purple robes fit for fops like Maecenas, Spanish woollens of native dye, chargers_engraved by Parthenius, a bowl that holds a draught for Pholus or for Fuscus' wife, baskets, a thousand plates, embossed goblets in which Philip of Macedon had caroused. Who else the wide world over would, to save life, cast away his all? Most of the cargo is thrown out without relief; as a last resort the master fells the mast to ease the vessel by crippling her to a hulk. Go now, commit your life to the winds, trust a drest plank, and live four, or at most seven, fingers' breadth from death: and with bread-sack and wine-flagons, be sure to pack up axes against storms.

17-19 ANTEMNAS dig. XIV 2 6 navis adversa tempestate depressa ictu fulminis deustis armamentis et arbore [Iuv. 32] et antemna. 17 ET x 354 n. 19 NUBE 21 ATTONITUS Sen. n. q.

UNA Corte on Luc. vr 346. II 27 § 3 of the thunder-clap hic proprie fragor dicitur, subitus et vehemens, quo edito concidunt homines et exanimantur, quidam vero vivi stupent et in totum sibi excidunt, quos vocamus adtonitos, quorum mentes sonus ille caelestis loco pepulit. 23 TALIA TAM in

IUV. II.

15