for the city of York, on his travels in Italy, visited the alum works of the pope; and finding that the rock from which the alum was made was the same as that produced by his own estate at Guisborough in Yorkshire, he engaged a number of the pope's workmen to accompany him to England; and conveyed them on board the vessel in which they embarked, in hogsheads; and with their assistance begun his alum work at Guisborough; and soon became a most formidable rival to the traders of the Vatican in consequence of which the pope is said to have excommunicated, not only Sir Thomas Chaloner, but also all the other persons engaged in this manufacture.

:

Grose's Antiquities, vol. I. p.10 7.

But profit triumphed over fear: other alum works were commenced, and alum was soon reduced to half the price for which it was sold in the Italian works. The alum works on the Yorkshire coast are the principal establishments of the kind in England, Lord Dundas, Lord Mulgrave, and others carry them on.

The parish church of Whitby has already been named, as being approached by 200 steps. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronge of the Archbishop of York, and the Rev. James Andrews is the incumbent, there is also a chapel of ease in Baxtergate, built in 1778. Besides the places of worship belonging to the established church, here are 8 others, belonging to different sects; - Three Methodist; two Presbyterian; one Independent;

one Catholic ; and one belonging to the Friends, or Quakers

Here are a variety of charitable institutions, which might be expected in a place in which the people are so hospitable and kind.

In 1811, the number of inhabitants, including Ruswarp, was 8,967: in 1821 they were estimated at 10,615.

At Lythe, near Whitby, is Mulgrave Castle, the splendid mansion of the Rt. Hon. Earl Mulgrave. This magnificent building was erected by the duchess of Buckingham, but has been greatly enlarged and improved by the present earl Mulgrave and his predecessor. It stands in a commanding situation, accompanied with woods and pleasure grounds, extensive and beautiful. Near this mansion is the old castle of Mulgrave, erected by the ancient and powerful family of the Mauleys, supposed to have been founded in the Saxon if not in the Roman period. The ruins of the keep, some of the towers, and several parts of the walls, remain; with vestiges of the moat and draw-bridge.

THORNTON.

Thornton, or Thornton in the dale, a parish

* Torentun, or Thornton, (from torne a tower, thorn, or proper name-and tun town), was amongst the lands retained at the conquest in the king's own hands.

Manors." In Torentum, (Thornton) Torbrand, "Gospatric, and Tor, had three carucates to be taxed. "Land to two ploughs." The king also retained the adjoining parish of Ellerburne.

town in the wapentake of Pickering Lythe 24 miles from Pickering, 9 from Malton, 16 from Scarbro,' and 27 from York.

The village stands in two parishes, Thornton and Ellerburne, and contains a collective population of 1292 inhabitants; viz. in the township of Thornton 879-and Thornton cum Farmanby, in the parish of Ellerburne, 403.

The church is a rectory dedicated to All Saints, in the deanery of Ryedale, value in the kings books £20, of which Richard Hill Esq., of Thornton is patron, the Rev. John Hill Webb A. M. rector, and the Rev. Richard Brown Scholefield,

curate.

The Village. The ancient cross which still remains denotes this village to have been a market town; and its numerous population and great extent; being nearly a mile from the extreme points of the two main streets, of which it consists; render it deserving of that distinction at the present day. It is beautifully situated at the termination of the

Manor." In Elreburne" (Ellerburn) from Ellera, the Eller or alder-tree with which its banks abound, ❝ and burn a rivulet "Gospatric had three exgangs of ❝ land to be taxed."

Bawdwen's Domesday. p. 21. Thornton and Ellerburne were sokes attached to Pickering.

The abbey of Rievalx, near Helmsley, had possessions here, appears as from Burton. "Thorneton in Pickering ❝lythe, Asketin son of Thorald de Pickering, gave a toft ❝here near to the mill, with six acres of land in the "same township, in Lange-waudell; and in the super ❝ior part of Horewell."

Burton's Monasticon. p. 363.

vale of Ellerburne, and intersected by a fine stream of water, which together with the grounds attached to the family mansion; the plantations which adorn the neighbouring vale, its neat row of hospitals, grammar schools, parish church, and several well built houses, and the numerous and varied orchards and gardens with which it is interspersed―form, when viewed from the neighbouring hills, with the white line of road to Malton, intersecting the marshes like a silver thread, and the Wold hills in the distance, a fine and justly admired landscape. Thornton possesses great natural capabilities of situation; which, from the present spirit of improvement evinced in its decoration, and the proposed addition of a handsome bridge across the stream, and the removal of several unsightly appendages, promise to render it one of the most beautiful villages in Yorkshire. Its inhabitants are principally small farmers; though a corn mill, tannery, and paper mill, afford employment to a small portion of the superabundant population.

One of those admirable institutions, which under proper and well enforced regulations promise such extensive advantages to the community at large,— I mean the friendly societies,-is established in this village, and is in a very flourishing state; the number of members exceeding 400, and the fund accumulated amounting to near £4,000.

Another benevolent institution whose advantages are not generally known, has also been formed at this village, by several spirited individuals, under the denomination of the village cow club. Its object

is to re-purchase cows for such of the poor as have been deprived of them through accident or disease; and the funds are supported by annual subscriptions from the poor themselves, aided by the friendly contributions of various honorary members. When the sum subscribed reaches £70., the subscriptions cease until the fund is reduced below that sum, by any new advances that have been made. The limits of the present work do not admit of my entering into further details; but such of my readers as feel an interest in the gradual improvement and amelioration of the condition of the poor, are referred to an essay on this subject by the present learned Archdeacon of Cleveland, the Rev. Francis Wrangham, who has not considered it beneath the dignity of his station to unbend from severer studies, to the discussion of topics of a more homely but not less useful description.

The church is an ancient structure, placed in a fine and commanding situation, towards the east end of the village; and might, with a different arrangement of the pews, and several minor alterations and improvements, be rendered both handsome and commodious. Several monuments occur in the chancel, which though worthy of a more detailed account, I must content myself with briefly noticing. In a recess under an arch in the north wall of the chancel, there is a stone figure in a recumbent posture, which has been very generally attributed to Sir Richard Chomley; who is well known to have been buried in the chancel of this church. The drapery however, as well as the general contour