161-2. As an example of the numerous cases of single words which represent the sense by their sound may be mentioned murmure montis, I. 55.

In all the above examples under 246 observe that beauty and a striking effect are gained by adapting the sound of a word or a passage to the sense that is intended to be represented.

The adaptation of sound to sense is called onomatopoeia.

In the above figures of all kinds observe (1) that there is a variation from the normal; (2) that in grammatical figures the variation is from the normal form and structure; (3) that in rhetorical figures the variation is from the normal mode of expression of thought, the end in rhetorical figures being to obtain

1. vividness or clearness, 235-238;
2. emphasis or strength, 239–244 ;
3. variety and beauty, 245–246.

Said he, "out of the flames for safegard fled,
And with a remnant did to sea repayre;

Where he, through fatall errour, long was led
Full many yeares, and weetlesse wandered

From shore to shore emongst the Lybick sandes,
Ere rest he fownd."

SPENSER, F. Q. III., IX. 41.

[NOTE. All words which are met for the first time in the Aeneid, not being found in the first four books of Caesar, or in those orations of Cicero contained in this series of text-books, are printed in full-faced type.]

ARMA virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris

Italiam, fato profugus, Lavinaque venit

Litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
Vi superum, saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram,
Multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
Inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum
Albanique patres atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,

5. Multa quoque et bello passus.

Much there he suffered,
And many perilles past in forreine landes,
To save his people sad from victours
vengefull handes.

SPENSER, F. Q. III. IX. 41.

8. Musa. The Muses were certain goddesses who presided over poetry, music, and all the liberal arts and sciences, and who were the daughters of Jupiter by the nymph Mnemosyne. No definite number of the Muses is given by Homer. The

[NOTE. The references are to the section numbers in the Inductive Studies.]

1. Arma virumque, 111. 2. Italiam, 121.- Fato, 136. 136.- Superum, 81, 216.- Iunonis, 81.-5. Conderet, 186. 147. Numine laeso, 155.

3. Terris, 149.
6. Latio, 104.-

4. Vi,

8 Quo,

Quidve dolens, regina deûm tot volvere casus
Insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
Impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Urbs antiqua fuit, Tyrii tenuere coloni,
Karthago, Italiam contra Tiberinaque longe
Ostia, dives opum studiisque asperrima belli;
Quam Iuno fertur terris magis omnibus unam
Posthabita coluisse Samo; hic illius arma,
Hic currus fuit; hoc regnum dea gentibus esse,
Si qua fata sinant, iam tum tenditque fovetque.
Progeniem sed enim Troiano a sanguine duci
Audierat, Tyrias olim quae verteret arces;
Hinc populum, late regem belloque superbum
Venturum excidio Libyae: sic volvere Parcas.

received opinion makes them nine in number. Their names were Calliope, Clio, Melpomene, Euterpe, Erato, Terpsichore, Urania, Thalia, and Polyhymnia. — Class. Dic.

Vergil here invokes Calliope, the muse of epic poetry.

10

15

20

fice was of very great antiquity; this, he says, was apparent from the statue of the goddess, which was of wood, and the work of Smilis, an artist contemporary with Daedalus. In Strabo's time, this temple was adorned with a profusion of the finest works of art, especially paint

11. Tantaene animis caelestibus ings. The outside was equally decorated irae? with beautiful statues. Class. Dic.

20. Audierat, Tyrias olim quae verteret arces. When the head of Hasdrubal was thrown into the Punic lines, Hannibal said," Agnosco fortunam Karthaginis."-LIVY, XXVII. 51.

22. Parcas. The religious tendencies of the Aeneid are preeminently fatalistic. It is true that a marked reverence for the gods is manifest throughout; numerous sacrifices to the different

9. Quid, 110. 10. Pietate, 136. Virum, 118.-11. Impulerit, 168.— Animis, 105. 14. Opum, 90. Studiis, 147. Belli, 87. 15. Terris, 137.-16. Coluisse, 160.Posthabita Samo, 155. — Illius, 82.-17. Hoc regnum, 118. - Gentibus, 102.-18. Sinant, 200. 19. Progeniem, 118. — 20. Verteret, 174. -21. Regem, 225.-22. Excidio, 103.