Familiar science; or, The practical application of the principles of natural and physical science, to the employments and necessities of common life1870 |
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Common terms and phrases
absorb action ammonia angle animal appear atmosphere attraction barometer become body boiling bulk burning called carbonic acid cause centre chemical chlorine clouds coal cold colour combustion compound condensed conductor contains copper cricket ball crystals cylinder density direction earth effect elastic electricity equal evaporation exist expand Fahrenheit fall fibres fire flame fluid fluorine force galvanic gases glass gravity greater heat hydrogen HYDROMETER iron less lever lime liquid luminous magnet mass matter melted mercury metal moisture motion nitric acid nitrogen oxide oxygen particles pass phosphorus piston plants pole pores potash pressure produced quantity radiation rain ray of light reflected refraction rendered retina rise salt saltpetre SECTION silica solid sorbed sound space specific gravity steam substances sulphur sulphuric acid surface temperature thermometer tion tube vapour vegetable velocity vessel vibrations weight wind wood zinc
Popular passages
Page 60 - The surface must be smooth and of some regular form ; for the wave of sound rebounds, according to the same law as a wave of water or an elastic ball, perpendicularly to the surface if it fall perpendicularly, and if it fall obliquely^ on one side, it departs with an equal degree of obliquity on the other side.
Page ix - Force of gravity is a term used to denote the attraction between the earth and bodies upon or near its surface. It always acts in a straight line between the center of the body and the center of the earth. The force of gravity varies at points on the earth's surface. It is slightly less on the top of a high mountain than at the level of the sea. For this reason the weight of a body also varies. But if the weight of a body at any place be divided by the force of gravity at that place, the result is...
Page 210 - ... the electricity which decomposes, and that which is evolved by the decomposition of, a certain quantity of matter, are alike.
Page 13 - If a passenger leap from a carriage in rapid motion, he will fall in the direction in which the carriage is moving at the moment his feet meet the ground ; because his body, on quitting the vehicle, retains, by its inertia, the motion which it had in common with it. When he reaches the ground, this motion is destroyed by the resistance of the ground to the feet, but is retained in the upper and heavier part of the body ; so that the same effect is produced as if the feet had been tripped.
Page 60 - According to this law, any irregular surface must break an echo; and if the irregularity be very considerable, there can be no distinct or audible reflection at all.
Page 276 - By this curious process of puddling, cast-iron, after it has been to a certain extent refined, by refusion in a forge, is, in this country, converted into wrought iron. The cast iron is put into a reverberatory furnace, and when in fusion, is stirred, so that every part may be exposed to the air and flames. After a time, the mass heaves, emits a blue flame, gradually grows tough, and becomes less fusible, and at length pulverulent ; the fire is then urged, so that the particles again agglutinate...
Page 26 - When a continuous motion is required, as in raising ore from the mine, or in weighing the anchor of a vessel, some contrivance must be adopted to remove the intermitting action of the lever and render it continual. The wheel and axle, in its various forms, fully answers this purpose.
Page 13 - Thus, if one body attracts another with a certain force at the distance of one mile, it will attract with four times the force at half a mile, nine times the force at one-third of a mile, and so on in...
Page 21 - A common clock is merely a pendulum, with wheelwork attached to it, to record the number of the vibrations ; and with a weight or spring, having force enough to counteract the retarding effects of friction and the resistance of the air. The wheels show how many swings or beats of the pendulum have taken place, because at every beat, a tooth of the last wheel is allowed to pass. Now, if this...
Page ix - At the poles of the earth, for at these points the attractive power is greatest. It must be remembered that the earth is not a perfect sphere, but flattened at the poles ; consequently, the poles of the earth are nearer the centre of attraction (ie the centre of the earth) than any other point on its surface. 114 Where will a body weigh the least on the earth's surface...