quelled, 312, 313.

Revolution in the colonies assumes a dis-
tinct form in 1774, 131; further

movements in 1775, 156; conclusion
of, 347.

Revolutionary writers, 348.
Rhode Island, people of, burn the British

revenue schooner Gaspee, 99; Brit-
ish take possession of the islands of
Rhode Island, Conanicut, and Pru-
dence, 204; siege of Newport by the
Americans, 249; battle of, ib.; evac-
uated by the British, 277.
Ridgefield, battle of, 212.
Rivington, James (King's printer), his
press destroyed by Americans under
Capt. Sears, 171; his press re-estab-
lished, 285; publishes a letter al-
leged to have been written by Mr.
Laurens, President of Congress,
charging members with corruption,

ib.

Rochambeau, Count de, commander of the
French army, arrives at Newport,
297; meets Washington in confer-
ence at Hartford, 298; they proceed
in company to Virginia, 324; siege
of Yorktown, and surrender of Corn-
wallis, 325, 326; the count receives
a special vote of thanks from Con-
gress, 326; returns to France, 469.
Rockingham, Marquis of, premier, 67;
cabinet dissolved, 72; premier again
in 1782, 333; dies, and is succeeded
by Shelburne, 334.

Roebuck, Dr., employed by British min-

isters to counteract Dr. Franklin,
183; procures petitions from the
people in favor of ministers, 134.
Royalists (see Tories).

Sag Harbor, L. I., destruction of British
vessels and stores at, by Col. Meigs,

214.

St. Leger, Colonel, sends an expedition
against Fort Schuyler, on the Mo-
hawk, 222; his defeat and final re-
treat, 224, 225.
Savannah, battle of, and defeat of the

Americans, 254; is taken by the
British troops under Col. Campbell,
ib.; attacked by the French and
Americans, and successfully defend-
ed by Gen. Prevost, 277.
Schuyler, Gen., commands the northern

army, 205; commands the forces to
oppose Gen. Burgoyne, 223; evacu-
ates Fort Edward, and retreats to-
wards the Hudson, ib.; his army in-
creased, ib.; is succeeded in the
chief command by Gen. Gates, 225;
his humanity and kind treatment of
the British prisoners, 229.

Leger, 224; gallant defence of, by
Colonel Gansevoort, and retreat of
St. Leger, 225.

Sears, Captain Isaac, destroys Riving-
ton's printing press at New York,
171; seizes Rev. Mr. Seabury and
other clergymen of the Church of
England, ib.

Slaves, great numbers captured by the
British, 271, 323.

Smith, Adam, endeavors to counteract
Dr. Franklin's movements in Eng-
land, 133.

Smithsonian Institute, the, 694.
Sons of Liberty, origin of societies of, 66;
name given to patriots by Colonel
Barré, 91.

South Carolina, effect of the battle of
Lexington and acts of Parliament

on the people, 149; vigorous meas-
ures adopted by, ib.; Provincial
Congress convoked, ib.; bills of
credit emitted, ib.; campaign in
1780-81, 315-322. (See Charleston,
Clinton, Cornwallis, and Greene.)
Spain joins France against England, 276;

her pecuniary aid to the United
States, 313.

Springfield, N. J., battle at, 297; burned
by the British, ib.
Stamp Act, proposed by Grenville, 53;

opposed by Colonel Barré, 57; pas-
sage of, 58; reception of, in Ameri-
ca, ib.; mobs and riots on account
of, 64, 65; discussion on, in Parlia-
ment, 68-70; repealed, 70; rejoi
cings on account of repeal, in Eng-
land and America, ib.
Stark, General, defeats the British under
Col. Baum, at Bennington, 224.
St. Clair, Arthur, life of, 480.
Steuben, Baron, arrives in the United
States, and tenders his services to
Congress, 235; succeeds Gen. Con-
way as Inspector-General, and intro-
duces a system of tactics and dis-
cipline into the army, 240.
Stirling, General Lord, commands part
of the American troops on Long
Island, 194; gallantry of his com-
mand in that battle, ib.; is defeated
and taken prisoner, 195; at the bat-
tle of Trenton, 203; is defeated by
Cornwallis, near Middlebrook, 215;
joins Putnam on the Hudson river,
216; attempts an attack upon Staten
Island, but is compelled to retreat,

295.

Stony Point, fort at, taken by the Brit-

ish, 272; stormed and recaptured
by the Americans under Wayne,
274; abandoned by Wayne, and
again garrisoned by the British,

275; is evacuated by the British,

277.

Sullivan, John, appointed brigadier-
general, 159; commands a division
of the army on Long Island, 194; is
defeated and taken prisoner at the
battle of Long Island, 194-195; is
parolled, and sent by Lord Howe
with a message to Congress, 196;
is exchanged, and succeeds General
Charles Lee in command, 202; at
the battle of Trenton, 203; is order-
ed to cross the Hudson, and encamp
near Peekskill, 216; commands the
right wing of the army at the bat-
tle of Brandywine, 218; is attacked
by Cornwallis, and compelled to re-
treat, ib.; his expedition against
the British troops at Rhode Island,
249; battle of Rhode Island, ib.;
his admirable retreat, ib.; commands
an expedition against the hostile
Indians on the Susquehanna, 278;
burns their villages, and compels
them to retreat to the wilderness,

279.
Sumter, Colonel, a partisan leader at the
South, attacks the British regulars |
and tories at Rocky Mount, and is
repulsed, 291; defeats them at
Hanging Rock, ib.; after a success-
ful attack on the Wateree, he is de-
feated by Colonel Tarleton, 293;
created brigadier-general, collects a
band of volunteers, and again har-
asses the British army, 294; defeats
Major Wemys at Broad river, and
Col. Tarleton at Blackstock, 295.
Supreme Court of the United States since
1789, 555.

Tallmage, Major, his gallant enterprise

against Fort George-on Long Isl
and, 308.
Tarleton, Colonel, defeats and cuts to

pieces a body of Americans in Caro-
lina, 291; charges and disperses
American troops with great slaugh-
ter at Sanders' Creek, 292; his
operations checked by Marion, 294;
defeated by Morgan at the Cowpens,
pursued by Col. W. Washington, 315.
Taxes, on the colonies, proposed by Gren-
ville, 53; right of imposing asserted
by colonies, 55; recommended by
George III, 56; Stamp Act passed,
58; repealed, 70; new law proposed
and passed, 73; resisted by the col-
onies, 74.
Taylor, Zachary (vol. ii.), early history of,

531; first military services, 533;
the Mexican war, 543-559; elected
President, 563; last hours of, 567;
administration of, 569; inaugura-

Tea,

tion as President, 570; settlement
of Texas claims and boundaries,
580; admission of California, 580;
summary of his career, 591.

duties on, imposed by Parliament,
73; retained in 1769, 82; exports
of, to the colonies from England,
ib.; importers of, unpopular, 87;
Parliament refuse to repeal duty on,
95; export duty on shipments to
America removed, 103; arrival of
cargoes at Boston, ib.; people of
Boston resolve that it shall not be
landed, ib.; destruction of, in Boston
harbor, 105; not permitted to be
sold elsewhere, ib.
Thomson, Charles, life of, 481.
Ticonderoga, is strengthened by the

French, 38; attacked by Abercrom-
bie, 40; expedition against, planned,
153; taken by Allen and Arnold,
ib.; invested and taken by General
Burgoyne, 222; attacked by the
Americans, who are repulsed, 226.
Townshend, Charles, supports the Stamp

Act, 57; chancellor of exchequer in
the Earl of Chatham's cabinet, 72;
proposes a new scheme for taxing
the colonies, which is carried in
Parliament, 73; death of, 79.
Tories, or Royalists, conduct of, 191;

their loyalty checked by the con-
duct of British and Hessian troops,
211; a detachment of, under Gov.
Tryon, destroy Continental village,
Westchester, with barracks and mili-
tary stores, 232; operations of (with
Indian allies) in the valley of Wyo-
ming, 251; also at Cherry Valley,
253; depredations on the southern
frontier, ib.; great numbers of, join
the British army at the South, 268;
increasing number of, in 1780, at the
South, 288.

Tory, appellation of, to the colonial royal-
ists, 130; origin of the term, ib.;
families leave Boston with General
Howe, 182.

Treason of Arnold, 298.
Treasury Department, the, 690.
Treaty, of neutrality with the Indians,

41; of Paris, its conditions, 46; of
alliance between France and Amer-
ica, 234; between France and Spain,
276; of peace, between United States
and Great Britain, signed and rati-
fied, 335.

Trenton, battle of, 203, 204; reception of
Washington at, 344.
Troops, British, land near Quebec, 42;

cross the St. Lawrence-their criti-
cal situation, 43; glide down the
St. Lawrence-ascend the heights of
Abraham, 44; British, arrive in Bos-

retreats to New York, 195; retires
to the heights near White Plains,
200;
his defeat, ib.; crosses the
Hudson, and retreats through New
Jersey before the British army, ib.;
crosses the Delaware to Pennsyl-
vania, 201; appointed military dic-
tator by Congress, 203; crosses the
Delaware, and captures a body of
Hessians at Trenton, ib., 204; suc-
cessful stratagem of, and battle of
Princeton, 210; retreats to Morris-
town, where he establishes his head-
quarters, 211; breaks up his en-
campment at Morristown, and
marches to Middlebrook, near the
British head-quarters, at New
Brunswick-confers with Congress,
217; meets La Fayette, who be-
comes a member of his military
family, ib.; marches to the Brandy-
wine is defeated, and retreats to
Philadelphia, 218; attacks the Brit-
ish camp at Germantown, and is de-
feated, after a severe action, 219,
220; is attacked at Whitemarsh by
General Howe (who, after a few
skirmishes, falls back upon Philadel-
phia), 220; sends La Fayette with
a detachment to watch the move-
ments of the enemy, 246; engages
them at Monmouth Court-House,
247; crosses the Hudson to White
Plains-sends troops against the
Indians on the Susquehanna, 252;
confers with Congress on plans for
the campaign of 1779, 265; sends
General Wayne to attack Stony
Point, 274; orders Major Lee to at-
tempt the capture of the British fort
at Paulus' Hook, 276; goes into
winter quarters at Morristown, 282;
sends a reinforcement to Gen. Lin-
coln at the South, ib.; demands and
obtains a supply of provisions for
his army from the people of New
Jersey, 283; sends a large force to
the Carolinas, 292; appoints Gen.
Greene to supersede Gen. Gates in
' command of the southern army,
295; expresses to Congress great
confidence in Gen. Greene, ib.; re-
ceives commissions of lieut.-general
and vice-admiral from Louis XVI.,
296; sends a detachment from Mor-
ristown, under Gen. Greene, to meet
the British army in New Jersey,
297; meditates an attack upon
New York, ib.; meets Rochambeau
(French general), at Hartford, Conn.,
298; André's design for capturing
him and his staff, 303; discovery of
the treason of Arnold, 307; conduct
of Washington on that occasion, ib.;

appeals to Congress for more troops
and longer enlistments, 309; failure
of his attempt to capture Arnold in
Virginia, 314; holds a conference
with the French officers in Connec-
ticut, and forms a junction of the
American and French armies on the
Hudson, 323; prepares to attack
New York, ib.; advances to a posi-
tion near the city, but changes his
plan, and the combined armies
march for Virginia, 324; precedes
the army with De Rochambeau, and
arrives at La Fayette's head-quarters
at Williamsburg, ib.; receives the
surrender of Cornwallis and the
British army at Yorktown, 326;
endeavors, in vain, to induce Count
de Grasse to aid in the reduction of
Charleston, 327; adopts vigilant
measures for the campaign of 1782
-establishes his head-quarters at
Newburg, N. Y., 332; his humane
conduct in the case of Capt. Asgill,
ib.; discontent of the army after the
conclusion of peace, and a monarchy
proposed to Washington, 336; his
reply and rebuke, ib.; his prudence
and influence induce the soldiers to
disband quietly, 337; his farewell
address to the army, 338; resigns to
Congress his commission as com-
mander-in-chief, 339; elected
delegate to the convention to form
a constitution for the United States,
and chosen president of that body,
343; elected President of the United
States, 344; his progress to New
York, ib.; his inauguration, 347.

8

(vol. ii.), birth of, 10-
11; early characteristics, 11; early
military life, 12; he joins General
Braddock's expedition, 13; his mar-
riage, 14; his retirement at Mount
Vernon, 15; becomes a member of
the Virginia Legislature, 16; ap-
pointed delegate to the Continental
Congress, 21; elected commander-
in-chief, 21; events of the war, 23-
36; brilliant exploits in the middle
States, 37; capitulation of Burgoyne,
46; unites with La Fayette, 50;
events of 1782-3, 57; he retires
from the army, 59; his appointment
to the Presidency, 62; his inaugu-
ration, 66; first Congress at New
York, 68; war with the British, 72;
political relations with France, 77;
rise of the two political parties, 78;
adjustment of disputes with foreign
powers, 79; his farewell address, $1.
Washington, Col. W., commands a body
of cavalry under Gen. Morgan, 315;

defeats and pursues Col. Tarleton at

the battle of the Cowpens, ib.; is
presented with a medal by Congress,

316.

Washington Navy-yard, 654.
Wayne, General, his gallantry at the

battle of Brandywine, 218; is sur-
prised and defeated at Paoli, 219;
commands a division of the army on
marching from Valley Forge, 246;
leads the attack at the battle of
Monmouth, 247; storms and cap-
tures Stony Point fort, 274; receives
the thanks of Congress and a medal,
275; letter to him from Dr. Rush,
ib.; joins La Fayette in Virginia,
322; his skilful attack on the Brit-
ish, and retreat, 323; is sent by Gen.
Greene into Georgia, and defeats
the British in several actions, 332.
West Point, fortress at, strength and im-

portance of, 300; General Arnold
appointed to the command of, ib.;
negotiations of Arnold with Sir
Heury Clinton to surrender to the
British, ib.; failure of the scheme,
804.

West Point Military Academy, 636.

Whig, party name of, applied to patriots,
130; origin of the name, ib.
Wilkes, John, takes part in favor of the
colonies, 147.

Wolfe, General, at the siege of Louis-

burg, 40; his campaign on the St.
Lawrence, 42; takes possession of
Point Levi-erects batteries-be-
sieges Quebee, and resolves on an
assault-his desponding letter to
Pitt, 43; effect of his letter-deter-
mines to scale the heights of Abra-
ham, 44; his death at Quebec, 45.
Wooster, General, commands the Ameri-
can troops in Fairfield county, Conn.,
213; is killed at the battle of Ridge-
field, ib.

Wyoming Valley, massacre of the people
of, by torfes and Indians, 251.

Yorktown, Cornwallis and the British
army encamp at, and fortify, 323;
invested by the combined American
and French armies, 325; surrender
of Cornwallis, 326; Congress re-
solves to erect a marble column at,
ib.