ern army at Saratoga, ib.; distin- guished in the southern campaign, 320.
Ladies, American, patriotism of, 86; in camp at Valley Forge, 239; daugh- ters of loyalists at the Mischianza, Philadelphia, 245.
Of Fairfield, Connecticut, outrages on, by Governor Tryon, 273; patriot- ism and exertions of, 296. La Fayette, Marquis, offers his services to Congress; is accepted, and ap- pointed major-general in the Conti- nental army, 217; meets Washing- ton in Philadelphia, and becomes a member of his military family, ib.; is wounded at the battle of Brandy- wine, 218; his fidelity to Washing- ton, 240; commands a detachment of the army in Pennsylvania, 246; his skilful manœuvre when attacked, ib.; leads the advance troops at the battle of Monmouth, 247; commands a detachment sent to Rhode Island, 249; challenges Earl Carlisle, one of the British commissioners, for insulting language used towards France, 250; makes a visit to France, 261; success of his mission, and return to America, 296; receives the thanks of Congress, ib.; dis- patched by Washington to Virginia, 314; his skilful manœuvres against the British, 322-323. Laurens, Henry, President of Congress;
publication, in Rivington's Royal Gazette, of a letter alleged to have been written by him, but supposed to have been forged, and intercepted by the enemy, 285; effects of, on the public mind, ib.; appointed min- ister to Holland, and captured by the British, 309; released on bail, and afterwards exchanged for Gen. Burgoyne, 328.
life of, 476. Laurens, John, appointed special commis-
sioner to France; obtains financial aid for the United States, 313; is killed in an action in South Caro- lina, 332. Lee, General Charles, military operations
of, at New York, 183; repairs to South Carolina, and defends Charles- ton, 184; commands part of the army at White Plains, 201; ordered to New Jersey, 202; is surprised and taken prisoner, ib.; British re- fuse to exchange him, 216; ex- changed for Gen. Prescott, and com- mands a detachment of the army, 246; his conduct at the battle of Monmouth, 247; quarrels with! VOL. II.-42
Washington, and addresses him two offensive letters, ib.; arrested, tried, and suspended from command, ib.; leaves the service, and dies at Phila- delphia, ib.
Major (afterwards Colonel), cap- tures fort at Paulus' Hook, 276; ex- ploit and stratagem with Colonel Pyle in North Carolina, 318; joins Gen. Marion, and captures several forts, 319.
Lee, Richard Henry, life of, 479. Letter of St. Pierre; its tone, 33.
Of Lord Hillsborough to the colonies, 82.
Letters of a Pennsylvania Farmer, 74. Of Hutchinson and Oliver, exposed by Franklin, 101.
Of instructions to colonial agents in England, from Congress, 132. Of Admiral Howe, 192, 193. Letter of General Putnam to Governor Tryon relative to a spy taken by the Americans, 216. Lexington, battle of, 145; effects of, on
the people of the colonies, 147-149. Liberty, Sons of, societies so called form- · ed in the colonies, 66. Liberty, sloop, seized at Boston, 75.
Poles erected in the colonies, 96. “Liberty or Death," patriotic phrase ori-
ginated with Patrick Henry, 152. Lighthouses, beacons, &c., 668. Lincoln, General, surprised by Lord
Cornwallis, at Boundbrook, New Jersey, and retreats, 212; joins General Gates at Saratoga, 226; is included in the vote of thanks by Congress, 232; takes command of the army at the South, 267; en- camps on the Savannah river, 268; strength of his army in April, 1779, 269; marches to attack Savannah, ib.; apprised of the march of Gen. Prevost, with the British army; he moves towards Charleston, attacks a division at Stony Ferry, and is repulsed, 270; prepares for defence of Charleston, 288; refuses to sur- render to the British fleet and army, and they open a destructive fire upon the town, 289; the British prepare for an assault, and the American general and army sur- render prisoners of war, 290; ex- changed for Gen. Phillips, 309. London, City of, takes sides with the colonies, 143; petitions the king in their favor, ib.; rebuked by the king, ib.
Long Island, landing of British troops at,
193; battle of, 194; defeat of the Americans, 195; retreat of the Con- tinental army, ib.; destruction of
British vessels and stores at Sag Harbor by Col. Meigs, 214; Major Tallmadge's expedition against Fort George, 308. Loudon, Lord, appointed British com- mander-in-chief in America, 38; re- called, 41.
Louisburg, its cost, English expedition against it, flight of the French from it, its surrender, 29; English at- tempt to capture it, 39. Lovell's expedition to the Penobscot de- feated by the British under Sir George Collier, 276. Loyalists (see Tories).
Madison, James (vol. ii.), his early days,
173; debates on the constitution, 174; his letter to Washington on the subject, 175; is elected member of the new Congress, 176; his mar- riage, 176; his papers on foreign commerce, 177; is appointed secre- tary of state, ib.; his retirement from public life, 178; his death, ib.; administration of, inaugurated, 179; the non-intercourse act modified, ib.; declaration of war 1812, 181; commercial controversy with Great Britain, 182; Louisiana admitted into the Union, 183; Henry Clay elected speaker of the House of Representatives, 184; augmentation of the army, 185; John Henry, the British spy, 188; his mission to England, and its failure, 189; im- portant acts regulating commerce and internal affairs, 191; declara- tion of war with England, ib.; re- election as President, 194; conven- tion of the Federalists, 195; repeal of the orders in council, 195; mili- tary and naval engagements, 198; direct negotiations for peace, 200; Gallatin, secretary of treasury, 201; commercial difficulties, 204; the "Hartford Convention," 207; meeting of the commissioners at Ghent, 209; rejection of their pro- posals, 210; action of Congress re- specting militia, 211; cost of the war, 213; miscellaneous acts of Con- gress, 217; survey of the public lands, 220.
McCrea, Miss, murder of, by Indians, 223. McKean, Thomas, life of, 478. Marion, Gen., a partisan leader, wounded at the siege of Charleston, 294; performs signal services in the cam- paigns at the South, ib.; joined by Lee; they capture Fort Watson, Fort Motto, and Fort Granby, 319; Georgetown, 320; exploits and an- ecdotes of, ib.
Massachusetts, Colonial Assembly of, in- vite a congress at New York in 1765, 62; take a bold stand against acts of Parliament respecting taxa- tion, 74; Assembly dissolved by the governor, 75; provincial conven- tion formed, 77; people and legisla ture declared guilty of treasonable acts by Parliament, 79; charter altered by act of Parliament, 111; action of General Assembly, 117, 118; secret conference of members, ib.; recommend a general Congress, ib.; appoint delegates, and are dis- solved by the governor, ib.; "Sol- emn League and Covenant" adopted, ib.; denounced by General Gage, 119; state of public feeling in 1774, 120; people prepare for war, 110; Provincial Congress formed, 122; their resolutions, ib.; Assembly re- solve themselves into a Provincial Congress, 130; enroll militia as minute men, 131; resolve to pur- chase munitions of war, 144; ad- dress the English people on the battle of Lexington, 147; organize an army, ib.; issue paper money, ib.
Mecklenburg, Declaration of Independ ence at, May, 1775, 149. Meigs, Colonel, gallant expedition of, to
Long Island, 214; Congress pre- sents him with a sword, ib. Mercer, General, killed at the battle of Princeton, 210. Middleton, Henry, life of, 475. Mifflin, Thomas, life of, 479. Military Divisions, 642. Military Establishments, 618. Military Force of the United States, 645. Ministers of the United States to foreign
countries from 1789 to 1854, 560- 567.
Ministers from France to the United States, 248, 283. Ministers to Great Britain and Spain appointed by Congress, 283; to Hol- land, 309.
Mint, the, at Philadelphia, 671. Minute-men enrolled in New England,
Mischianza, entertainment given to Gen. Howe and Admiral Howe, at Phila- delphia, on taking leave, description of, 245.
Monmouth, battle of, 247. Monroe, James (vol. ii.), his birth and
parentage, 223; his early military services, 224; is member of legisla- tive councils of Virginia, ib.; changes in articles of confederacy, 225; elected governor of Virginia, 227; measures for restoring public credit,
229; survey of canals and roads, 229; elected President, ib.; re- elected President, 230; his death, ib.; administration of, Jackson's letter to, 235; repeal of domestic duties, 237; internal improvements, 238; treaty with Sweden, 239; Alabama formed into a State, 240; convention with Great Britain, 240; commercial treaty with France, 248. Montcalm, coinmander of the French
force in Canada-crosses Lake Erie with 5,000 men-captures Fort On- tario at Oswego-returns to Canada -collects his force at Ticonderoga -captures Fort William Henry, 39; defends Ticonderoga-siege raised, 41; prepares to attack the British, 44; his death at Quebec, 45. Montgomery, General, commands expe-
dition to Canada, 165; captures Fort Chambly, 166; St. John's, ib. ; Montreal, ib.; joins Arnold, and at- tacks Quebec, 168; is killed, and his army defeated, ib.
Montreal, defended by De Callières, 28; surrendered to the English, 46; taken by the Americans under Montgomery, 166.
Morgan, General, defeats the British at
the Cowpens, 315; receives a medal from Congress, 316.
Morris, Robert, Treasurer of the United
States his important financial op- erations and patriotic services, 313. Morristown, N. J., Continental troops en- camp at, 211, 282.
Mutiny of the Pennsylvania and New
Jersey troops, in 1781, quelled by Washington and Wayne, 312, 313.
National Armories, 641. National Observatory, the, 694. Naval Academy at Annapolis, 657. Naval Asylum, Philadelphia, 655. Naval battle on Lake Champlain, 205. Naval Establishment, 645 Naval Hospitals, 656.
Navy, American, commencement of, 181; condition and operations of, 254, 255; action between the American ship Randolph and British ship Yar- mouth, and destruction of the former, 255; operations of Paul Jones, ib. ; notice of various operations, 329. Navy, British, strength of, in 1778, 254. Navy Department, the, 691. Navy-yards of the United States, 651. New Haven, Conn., entered by the British under Tryon, 273; after various out- rages, the enemy retire, without burning the town, ib.
New Jersey, patriotic proceedings of the people, 149; overrun by British
troops, 200; by the American army, 211; evacuated by the British, 215. New London, Conn., attack of, intended by Sir Henry Clinton, prevented by a storm, 263; again threatened by Governor Tryon, but saved by his recall, 273; burned by Arnold, 324. Newport, RI., siege of, by the Ameri-
cans, 249; abandonment of the siege, and retreat of Gen. Sullivan, ib. New York, committee of the Assembly of, propose a Colonial Congress in 1765, 62; violent opposition to the Stamp Act by the people-mobs and riots, 65; Assembly refuse to enforce Mutiny Act, 72; prohibited by act of Parliament from passing laws, until obedient to the Mutiny Act, 78; people of, send remon- strance to Parliament against taxa- tion, 80; violate non-importation agreements, 95; tea not permitted to be landed, 105; Assembly refuse to appoint delegates to the Congress of 1774, 124; delegates appointed by town meetings, ib.; refuses to adopt the resolution of Congress respecting commerce, 129; makes common cause with the colonies after the battle of Lexington, 148; many of the people royalists, 170; Tryon, royal governor, ib.; Riving- ton's (tory) press destroyed, 171; Continental army under Washing- ton arrive at, 183; statue of George III. destroyed, 188; evacuated by the American army, 198; British army takes possession, ib.; great fire destroys about one-third of the city, 199.
New York Navy-yard, 653.
New York Custom-house, 667. Non-Importation Agreement, adopted,
66, 74, 78; effects of, in England,
North Carolina, early movements in, against British authority, 97; or- ganization of the Regulators, ib.; action of the Regulators with Brit- ish troops in 1771, 98; movements of the people in 1775, 149; Provin- cial Congress convened, ib.; Com- mittees of Safety appointed, ib.; independence declared at Mecklen- burg, ib.; military operations in, 183; campaign in 1780, 77, 315- 324.
North, Lord, proposes to reject the New York remonstrance, 80; moves in Parliament for repeal of duties in part, retaining the tax on tea, 94; proposes to make governors and judges of the colonies independent of the people, 100; offers a resolu-
tion in Parliament permitting the export of tea to America free of export duty, 102; other measures proposed by him, 109, 111, 112; proposes further coercive measures, 140, 141, 174; introduces a concilia- tory plan, 142; makes concessions in favor of America, 242; moves an address to the King on the treaty between France and America, 259;
Peace, of 1697, between England and France, 28; of Utrecht, and its terms, thirty years between Eng- land and France, 29; treaty of Aix- la-Chapelle, 30; treaty of Paris, 46; people of England anxious for, in 1782, 333; preliminary negotiations for a general peace in Europe and America, 334; treaty of, signed and ratified, 335.
resigns after the battle of York-Peekskill, capture of military stores at, town, and other disasters in Ameri- ca, 333.
Penitentiary and Hospital for Insane,
Norwalk (Conn.), burned by Governor Penn, William, heirs of, protest against
Ohio Company, its character-grant from the crown-French jealousy of it- appeal to Virginia for protection, 31; send around men to erect a fort-secure aid from Virginia and Carolina-their fort destroyed, 33. | Oliver, Andrew, stamp-master at Boston,
attacked by a mob, and burned in effigy, 64; resigns his office, 65; his letters exposed by Dr. Franklin, 101; Assembly of Massachusetts pe- tition for his removal as lieutenant- governor, 102. Oliver, Peter, chief-justice of Massachu- setts (brother of Andrew), replies to the queries of the Assembly, who demand his removal from office, 115; the governor refuses to re- move him, and the Assembly re- solve to impeach the chief-justice, ib.
Otis, James, member of the Congress of 1765, 64; one of a committee to wait on Governor Bernard, 76.
Paine, Thomas, secretary of Congress
for foreign affairs, 284; makes charges against Silas Deane, ib.; cited to appear at the bar of Con- gress, ib.; resigns his office, ib. Paoli, battle of, 219.
Paper money issued by Massachusetts Provincial Congress, 147; by Conti- nental Congress, 157, 266; depreci- ation of, 266.
Parker, Admiral, arrives off the coast of Carolina, 183; his unsuccessful at- tack on the fort near Charleston, 184; takes Rhode Island, 204. Party names applied in the colonies, 130; spirit in the Continental Con- gress, 283.
Pay, &c., of army officers, 644.
of the navy, 659.
Paulus' Hook, fort at, captured by Americans under Major Lee of Virginia, 276.
the Canada Boundary bill, 115. Pennsylvania Convention appoints dele- gates to Congress with instructions (1774), 123.
Penobscot, failure of Gen. Lovell's expe- dition to, 276. Pensacola Navy-yard, 654. Philadelphia, citizens of, oppose Stamp Act, 67, 68; tea not permitted to be landed, 105; British army under Gen. Howe take possession of, 219; conduct of British troops at, 245, 246; departure of Gen. Howe, and fête given him by his officers, 245; Sir Henry Clinton takes command, ib.; British army evacuate the city, 246; American army, under Gen. Arnold, take possession, ib. Philadelphia Navy-yard, 653. Phillips, General, taken prisoner at the
surrender of Burgoyne-exchanged for Gen. Lincoln, 309; sent by Clin- ton to join Arnold in Virginia, 314; their joint operations, ib.; his death at Petersburg, 322.
Pierce, Franklin (vol. ii.), biographical sketch of, 627; member of Congress, 635; military services in Mexico, 645-648; election to the Presidency, 651; inauguration, 652. Pitt, William, made prime minister,
40; contemplates the conquest of Canada-assigns an active part to Wolfe, 41; his course on the Stamp Act, 56; takes the part of the Americans, 68; replies to Grenville, 69; proposes a repeal of the Stamp Act, ib.; created Earl of Chatham, 72; curious cabinet formed by him, ib. (See Chatham.)
Polk, James K. (vol. ii.), early life of, 501; representative to Congress, 503; re-
elected member of Congress, 505; chosen Speaker of House of Repre- sentatives, 505; governor of Ten- nessee, 507; elected President, 508 administration of, 511; inaugural ceremonies, 511; annexation of Texas, 513; difficulties between the
United States and Mexico, 514; declaration of war with Mexico, 517; settlement of the Northwestern Boundary question, 518; review of his administration, 528.
Population of the United States for fifty years, 569.
Portsmouth Navy-yard, 652. Post Office, the, 614.
Post-Office Department at Washington,
Predatory expeditions of the British, 232, 233, 249, 271, 272. Prescott, Col., commands Americans at Bunker Hill, 159.
Prescott, Major-General, of the British army, captured at Rhode Island by Colonel Barton, 216; exchanged for General Lee, 246.
President's House, the, 688. Presidents of the Continental Congress,
Presidents and Vice-Presidents, votes for,
from 1789 to 1849, 547. Presidents of the Senate, 556. Prevost, General, commands the British
army at the South 268; his various operations, 268, 269; re-organizes the government of Georgia, ib.; at- tacks and defeats General Moultrie, ib.; plans an attack upon Charles- ton, 270; summons the town to sur- render, ib.; withdraws his troops, and moves towards Savannah, ib; successfully defends the city of Sa- vannah against an attack by the Americans and French, 277. Princeton, battle of, 210. Privateers, American, enterprise and
numbers of, 172; successful exploits of, 172, 255. Privateers, British, authorized against Americans by "Letters of Marque," issued by act of Parliament, 212. Proceedings of commissioners at Annapo- lis, 498.
Providence, R. I., people of, destroy the
British revenue schooner Gaspee, 99. Provincial Convention formed in Massa- chusetts, 77.
Congress formed in same colony, 122. Congresses and assemblies of the colo-
nies approve of the proceedings of Congress of 1774, 129. Congress of Massachusetts enroll mili- tia, 131; invite other colonies to join them, ib.
Congresses and assemblies formed throughout the colonies, 131. Public property of the United States,
Public lands, the, 609. Pulaski, Count, distinguished in the
battle of Brandywine, and made a
brigadier-general, 218; acts with General Moultrie at the South, 269, 270; killed while charging a British force at the attack on Savannah, 278; Congress erect a monument to his memory at Savannah, ib. Putnam, Israel, commands a corps of Connecticut troops, 147; appointed major-general in the Continental army, 158; one of the commanders at Bunker Hill, 160; at the battle of Long Island, 193; at the retreat from New York, 198; takes com- mand at Philadelphia, 202; stationed on the highlands of the Hudson river, 216; a spy (Lieut. Palmer, of the British army) taken in his camp, and executed by his order, ib.; his letter to Gov. Tryon on the subject, ib.; commands troops at Danbury, Conn., 275; his daring feat at West Greenwich, ib.
Quebec, expedition against, 1629—cap- tured-its restoration to France- second English expedition against it, 27; defended by Frontenac-third English expedition against it-its failure, 28; strongly fortified, 42; surrendered to the English, 45; change in laws for the government of, 114; attacked by Montgomery and Arnold, 167; successfully de- fended by the garrison, 168. Quincy, Josiah, his remarks at the Bos- ton town meeting, 1773, 104.
Randolph, American frigate (Captain Biddle), engages the British ship Yarmouth, and is destroyed, 255. Randolph, Peyton, life of, 475. Rawdon, Lord, commands a division of
the British army at the South, 292; is joined by Cornwallis, and they defeat General Gates at Sanders' Creek, ib.; engages General Greene near Camden, 319; burns Camden, and retreats to the South, ib.; raises the siege of Ninety-Six, 320; retires to Eutaw Springs, resigns his com- mand to Col. Stewart, and returns to England, 321. Recruiting stations, 643. Red Bank Fort (on the Delaware), at-
tacked by the Hessians, who are re- pulsed by the Americans, 219; Lord Cornwallis marches against it, and the Americans retreat, ib. Refugees (see Tories). Regulators, origin and organization of, in North Carolina, 97; action with Tryon's troops, 1771, 98. Reidesel, Baroness, her account of the surrender of Gen. Burgoyne, 229.
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