Nec procul afuerunt telluris margine summae:
Hic, ne deficeret, metuens, avidusque videndi,
Flexit amans oculos: et protinus illa relapsa est,
Bracchiaque intendens prendique et prendere certus
Nil nisi cedentes infelix arripit auras.- Metamorphoses, X, 40-59 What is caesura and what name do we give to the type of caesura most frequently used by the Roman poets in writing this verse? What can you say of the prosody of afuerunt (line 55)? Whose punishment is referred to in nec carpsere (line 43) and what other mythologic character suffered a similar punishment? Discuss the form Belides (line 44). Who were the Belides and to what punishment is Ovid referring in urnisque vacarunt (line 43)? To what event does vulnere refer (line 49)?
1.30-3.30 p. m. The translation should be exact; but clear and idiomatic English is required. I Translate into English:
Aurea prima sata est aetas, quae vindice nullo,
Sponte sua, sine lege fidem rectumque colebat.
Poena metusque aberant, nec verba minacia fixo
Aere legebantur, nec supplex turba timebat
Iudicis ora sui, sed erant sine vindice tuti.
Nondum caesa suis, peregrinum ut viseret orbem,
Montibus in liquidas pinus descenderat undas,
Nullaque mortales praeter sua litora norant.
Nondum praecipites cingebant oppida fossae;
Non tuba directi, non aeris cornua flexi,
Non galeae, non ensis erant; sine militis usu
Mollia securae peragebant otia gentes.
Ipsa quoque immunis rastroque intacta nec ullis
Saucia vomeribus per se dabat omnia tellus;
Contentique cibis nullo cogente creatis
Arbuteos fetus montanaque fraga legebant
Cornaque et in duris haerentia mora rubetis
Et quae deciderant patula Iovis arbore glandes.
Ver erat aeternum, placidique tepentibus auris
Mulcebant zephyri natos sine semine flores.
Mox etiam fruges tellus inarata ferebat,
Nec renovatus ager gravidis canebat aristis;
Flumina iam lactis, iam flumina nectaris ibant,
Flavaque de viridi stillabant ilice mella.
-Metamorphoses, I, 89-112
What other classical authors can you mention who have dealt with the theme of the Golden Age? Give the principal parts of timebat (92), viseret (94), canebat (110). Account for the case of aere (92), cibis (103), aristis (110). Why does Ovid use the plural of otium (100) What other examples of a similar use of the plural do you find in this passage? What is the force of the imperfect indicatives in this passage?
CADMUS Sows THE DRAGON'S TEETH
2 Translate into English:
Spargit humi iussos, mortalia semina, dentes.
Inde, fide maius, glaebae coepere moveri,
Primaque de sulcis acies apparuit hastae,
Tegmina mox capitum picto nutantia cono,
Mox umeri pectusque onerataque bracchia telis
Exsistunt, crescitque seges clipeata virorum.
Surgere signa solent, primumque ostendere vultus,
Cetera paulatim; placidoque educta tenore
Tota patent imoque pedes in margine ponunt.
Territus hoste novo Cadmus capere arma parabat.
"Ne cape," de populo quem terra creaverat unus
Exclamat "nec te civilibus insere bellis."
Atque ita terrigenis rigido de fratribus unum
Comminus ense ferit: iaculo cadit eminus ipse.
Hunc quoque qui leto dederat, non longius illo
Vivit, et exspirat modo quas acceperat auras.
Exemploque pari furit omnis turba, suoque
Marte cadunt.
-Metamorphoses, III, 105-123
In what other famous story of antiquity is a like incident to be found? What peculiarity of the ancient theatre as compared with our own is illustrated by tolluntur aulaea (111)? Account for the case of leto (120). exemplo (122). What can you say of humi (105)? Give the principal parts of ferit (119). Compare imo (114).
The translation should be exact, but clear and idiomatic English is required.
I Translate into English:
Iamque mare et tellus nullum discrimen habebant:
Omnia pontus erant. Deerant quoque litora ponto.
Occupat hic collem; cumba sedet alter adunca
Et ducit remos illic ubi nuper ararat;
Ille super segetes aut mersae culmina villae
Navigat, hic summa piscem deprendit in ulmo,
Figitur in viridi, si fors tulit, ancora prato,
Aut subiecta terunt curvae vineta carinae.
Et, modo qua graciles gramen carpsere capellae,
Nunc ibi deformes ponunt sua corpora phocae.
Mirantur sub aqua lucos urbesque domosque
Nereïdes. Silvasque tenent delphines, et altis
Incursant ramis agitataque robora pulsant.
Nat lupus inter oves, fulvos vehit unda leones,
Unda vehit tigres. Nec vires fulminis apro,
Crura nec ablato prosunt velocia cervo.
Quaesitisque diu terris, ubi sistere detur,
In mare lassatis volucris vaga decidit alis.
Obruerat tumulos immensa licentia ponti,
Pulsabantque novi montana cacumina fluctus.
Maxima pars unda rapitur; quibus unda pepercit,
Illos longa domant inopi ieiunia victu.
-Metamorphoses, I, 291-312.
What tense is ararat (294)? Explain the form and why it was preferred here. From what word is vineta (298) derived and what is the force of the suffix? Account for the quantity of the final syllable of delphines (302). Account for the mood and tense of detur (307). Give the principal parts of deprendit (296), figitur (297) and terunt (298).
2 Translate into English:
PERSEUS SLAYS THE DRAGON
Vulnere laesa (i.e. the dragon) gravi modo se sublimis in auras
Attollit, modo subdit aquis, modo more ferocis
Versat apri, quem turba canum circumsona terret.
Ille (i.e., Perseus) avidos morsus velocibus effugit alis;
Quaque patent, nunc terga cavis super obsita conchis,
Nunc laterum costas, nunc qua tenuissima cauda
Belua puniceo mixtos cum sanguine fluctus
Ore vomit. Maduere graves aspergine pennae;
Nec bibulis ultra Perseus talaribus ausus
Credere, conspexit scopulum, qui vertice summo
Stantibus extat aquis, operitur ab aequore moto.
Nixus eo rupisque tenens iuga prima sinistra
Ter quater exegit repetita per ilia ferrum.
Litora cum plausu clamor superasque deorum
Implevere domos. Gaudent, generumque salutant
Auxiliumque domus servatoremque fatentur
Cassiope Cepheusque pater. Resoluta catenis
Incedit virgo, pretiumque et causa laboris.
-Metamorphoses, IV, 721-739. Explain the case of aquis (722) and of vertice (731). Why is implevere
(736) in the plural? What were the talaria (730) and to whom did they belong? To whom does virgo (739) refer? Give the principal parts of operitur (732) and of patent (725).
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